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Article ; Online: Autopsy Education and Rate: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cao, Weibiao

Rhode Island medical journal (2013)

2021 Volume 104, Issue 10, Page(s) 21–25

Abstract: Autopsy training is required for board certification by the American Board of Pathology and may be affected by autopsy rate. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected autopsy education and rate. Prior to the pandemic, our autopsy gross ... ...

Abstract	Autopsy training is required for board certification by the American Board of Pathology and may be affected by autopsy rate. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected autopsy education and rate. Prior to the pandemic, our autopsy gross organ review lectures at the Brown University pathology residency program were in-person and used a detective style to discover the pathological lesions followed by an integrated discussion of anatomic and clinical pathology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these lectures became remote and there was a noticeable impact on the involvement and responsiveness of the audience compared to in-person teaching. Certain qualities of face-to-face teaching can be difficult to be reproduced through virtual teaching, including the detective style to look for pathological lesions and the ability to palpate lesions from gross specimens. Our results showed that the autopsy case number increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the overall autopsy rate did not significantly change.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419430-5
ISSN	2327-2228 ; 0363-7913
ISSN (online)	2327-2228
ISSN	0363-7913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: What Do We Know So Far About Gastrointestinal and Liver Injuries Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Virus?

Cao, Weibiao

Gastroenterology research

2020 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 225–226

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-23
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2475913-2
ISSN	1918-2813 ; 1918-2805
ISSN (online)	1918-2813
ISSN	1918-2805
DOI	10.14740/gr1350
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Article ; Online: Downregulation of SODD mediates carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells

Aihua Li / Weibiao Cao

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5–20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5–20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as rosemary and Mountain desert sage and has been shown to have anticancer activities in multiple cancers. In this study we examined the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. We found that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation in FLO-1 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and significantly increased caspase-3 protein, indicating that carnosol decreases cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis in FLO-1 cells. Carnosol significantly increased H2O2 production and N-acetyl cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, significantly inhibited carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation, indicating that ROS may mediate carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation. Carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation was partially reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, suggesting that NADPH oxidases may be partially involved in carnosol’s effect. In addition, carnosol significantly downregulated SODD protein and mRNA expression and knockdown of SODD significantly inhibited the carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation, suggesting that downregulation of SODD may contribute to carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation. We conclude that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation and significantly increased caspase-3 protein. Carnosol’s effect may be through the overproduction of ROS and the downregulation of SODD. Carnosol might be useful for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modified Method to Perform Autopsy Safely During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cao, Weibiao / Dannheim, Katelyn

Rhode Island medical journal (2013)

2023 Volume 106, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–25

Abstract: During autopsies, pathologists, pathology residents and their support staff in the autopsy suite face potential risk of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 because some procedures such as lung dissection may produce aerosols. In addition to follow the CDC ... ...

Abstract	During autopsies, pathologists, pathology residents and their support staff in the autopsy suite face potential risk of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 because some procedures such as lung dissection may produce aerosols. In addition to follow the CDC guidelines for postmortem examination, we modified the method of organ dissection and evisceration for additional mitigation of risk. The lung weight was calculated by subtracting the weight of the formalin by volume from the weight of the lung after formalin fixation. 272 autopsies, including 27 COVID-19-positive cases, were performed from Feb. 2020 to Jan. 2021. None of 22 autopsy personnel were infected with COVID-19. The calculated lung weights (537.2±42.5 grams) were not significantly different from the fresh lung weights (541.3±43 grams, p=0.95). We conclude that autopsies may be performed safely during COVID-19 pandemic. The autopsy method shared here may be useful for future respiratory infectious diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/pathology ; Autopsy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Lung/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419430-5
ISSN	2327-2228 ; 0363-7913
ISSN (online)	2327-2228
ISSN	0363-7913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Downregulation of SODD mediates carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells.

Li, Aihua / Cao, Weibiao

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 10580

Abstract: Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5-20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as rosemary and ... ...

Abstract	Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5-20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as rosemary and Mountain desert sage and has been shown to have anticancer activities in multiple cancers. In this study we examined the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. We found that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation in FLO-1 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and significantly increased caspase-3 protein, indicating that carnosol decreases cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis in FLO-1 cells. Carnosol significantly increased H
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Down-Regulation ; Caspase 3 ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Cell Proliferation ; NADPH Oxidases
Chemical Substances	carnosol (483O455CKD) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-37796-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Diagnostic Dilemma: Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Mimicking Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Iheanacho, Franklin / Bhowmick, Kuntal / Olagunju, Akindele / Cao, Weibiao / Chu, Alice / DeCarli, Kathryn

Rhode Island medical journal (2013)

2024 Volume 107, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–17

Abstract: Carcinoid syndrome arises from neuroendocrine tumors, characterized by the presence of neurosecretory granules. The diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome involves biochemical testing and various imaging techniques. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with ... ...

Abstract	Carcinoid syndrome arises from neuroendocrine tumors, characterized by the presence of neurosecretory granules. The diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome involves biochemical testing and various imaging techniques. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with Parkinson's Disease who was found to have new-onset cirrhosis and multiple hepatic lesions with necrosis on CT imaging. These findings were concerning for metastatic malignancy of unknown primary origin. Subsequent MRI characterization of the liver lesions indicated hepatocellular carcinoma as the most likely diagnosis. However, a transthoracic echocardiogram, performed for anasarca and dyspnea on exertion, revealed a thickened tricuspid leaflet, highly suspicious for carcinoid valvulitis. A biopsy of one of the hepatic lesions was consistent with neuroendocrine tumor, confirming the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome. This case highlights the limitations of diagnostic imaging approaches in distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from neuroendocrine tumors.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary ; Carcinoid Tumor/diagnosis ; Carcinoid Tumor/pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419430-5
ISSN	2327-2228 ; 0363-7913
ISSN (online)	2327-2228
ISSN	0363-7913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: In the memory of our following colleagues, and friends.

Rattan, Satish / Cao, Weibiao / Katz, Philip O / Goyal, Raj K

Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society

2022 Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) e14393

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1186328-6
ISSN	1365-2982 ; 1350-1925
ISSN (online)	1365-2982
ISSN	1350-1925
DOI	10.1111/nmo.14393
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 2979: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Multiorgan Infarctions in a Young Adult with COVID-19: Autopsy Findings.

Yilmaz, Fazilet / Cao, Weibiao

Rhode Island medical journal (2013)

2021 Volume 104, Issue 8, Page(s) 11–14

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause a hypercoagulability state and thrombotic complications. Multiorgan infarctions in young patients are very rare. Here we report a 35-year-old male patient with COVID-19 complicated by multiorgan infarctions. ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause a hypercoagulability state and thrombotic complications. Multiorgan infarctions in young patients are very rare. Here we report a 35-year-old male patient with COVID-19 complicated by multiorgan infarctions. The patient had a past medical history of uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and was admitted to the intensive care unit with progressive hypoxia in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient received prophylactic anticoagulant during the entire hospital course. During the hospitalization, the patient developed hypoxic respiratory arrest, diffuse anoxic brain injury and brain herniation. Postmortem examination demonstrated multiple infarctions and thromboses involving the heart, bilateral lungs, kidneys, and spleen. In conclusion, multiple organ infarctions may occur in young patients with COVID-19 despite prophylactic anticoagulation therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Autopsy ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Infarction ; Lung ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419430-5
ISSN	2327-2228 ; 0363-7913
ISSN (online)	2327-2228
ISSN	0363-7913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Patterns of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Expression of STAT6 in the Lungs of Patients With COVID-19: An Autopsy Study.

Cao, Weibiao / Birkenbach, Mark / Chen, Sonja

Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM

2022 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 350–357

Abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs and a cytokine storm. In this study we examined inflammatory cell infiltrates and the expression of signal transducer ... ...

Abstract	Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs and a cytokine storm. In this study we examined inflammatory cell infiltrates and the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 in the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Eighteen COVID-19 autopsy cases, 9 non-COVID cases with DAD, and 11 controls without lung diseases were included. Immunostainings for STAT6, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, and broad-spectrum keratins were performed. Results: The average age of COVID-19 patients was 64.4±2.1 years. The disease duration was 7 to 53 days. The number of pneumocytes, macrophages or CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Patients' age above 67 years, blood troponin levels >0.2 ng/mL, platelet count >100×109/L, lung macrophages >130/high-power field (HPF), CD3+ T cells >145/HPF, CD8+ T cells <30/HPF, and CD8/CD4 ratio <1 were associated with shorter survival duration after onset of symptoms. In addition, STAT6 staining was much stronger in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 than non-COVID DAD patients or controls. Conclusion: Older age, high blood troponin level and platelet count, more macrophages and fewer CD8+ T cells in the lungs of COVID-19 were associated with poorer outcome. STAT6 expression was increased in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19, implying a role of STAT6 in cytokine storms.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Autopsy ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; Troponin
Chemical Substances	STAT6 Transcription Factor ; STAT6 protein, human ; Troponin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1473273-7
ISSN	1533-4058 ; 1062-3345 ; 1541-2016
ISSN (online)	1533-4058
ISSN	1062-3345 ; 1541-2016
DOI	10.1097/PAI.0000000000001023
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Zs.A 3783: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Betulinic acid alleviates neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in mice.

Sun, Yong / Yu, Fei / Cao, Weibiao / Zhang, Wei / Liu, Wu / Dai, Fucheng

Neuroscience letters

2023 Volume 813, Page(s) 137429

Abstract: Neuropathic pain refers to a type of pain that arises from primary damage and dysfunction within the nervous system. Addressing this condition presents significant challenges and complexities. Betulinic acid (BA), known for its potent antioxidative and ... ...

Abstract	Neuropathic pain refers to a type of pain that arises from primary damage and dysfunction within the nervous system. Addressing this condition presents significant challenges and complexities. Betulinic acid (BA), known for its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, has garnered extensive attention; nevertheless, the impact upon neuropathic pain induced by CCI is still uncertain. This paper explores the analgesic effects concerning BA on mice experiencing neuropathic pain due to sciatic nerve injury. Throughout the experiment, mice with CCI received oral gavage of BA at dosages of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg for consecutively 8 days from the 7th day post-surgery. To assess their responses, behavioral tests and sciatic functional index (SFI) evaluations were conducted on zeroth, seventh, eighth, tenth, twelveth and fourteenth day post-CCI. On day 14, histopathological examinations and measurements of biochemical markers were performed. Immunofluorescence techniques were employed to detect Nrf2 and glial cell activation, while the Western blot method was utilized to evaluate Nrf2/HO-1 protein levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The results elucidated that BA significantly alleviated hyperalgesia and allodynia, demonstrating a dose-dependent enhancement in sciatic nerve function and facilitating the recovery of sciatic nerve injury. Furthermore, BA prominently augmented the entire antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and T-SOD levels, concomitantly reducing MDA concentrations. Notably, BA activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibited glial cell activation, and downregulation of the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed. As such, this study provides a basis to support BA as a candidate drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain, attributing its analgesic effects to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Betulinic Acid ; Constriction ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries ; Sciatic Neuropathy/complications ; Sciatic Neuropathy/drug therapy ; Sciatic Neuropathy/pathology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism ; Neuralgia/metabolism ; Analgesics/pharmacology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Betulinic Acid (4G6A18707N) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Cytokines ; Analgesics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137429
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