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  1. Article ; Online: Nonparametric predictive model for sparse and irregular longitudinal data.

    Wang, Shixuan / Kim, Seonjin / Ryan Cho, Hyunkeun / Chang, Won

    Biometrics

    2024  Volume 80, Issue 1

    Abstract: We propose a kernel-based estimator to predict the mean response trajectory for sparse and irregularly measured longitudinal data. The kernel estimator is constructed by imposing weights based on the subject-wise similarity on L2 metric space between ... ...

    Abstract We propose a kernel-based estimator to predict the mean response trajectory for sparse and irregularly measured longitudinal data. The kernel estimator is constructed by imposing weights based on the subject-wise similarity on L2 metric space between predictor trajectories, where we assume that an analogous fashion in predictor trajectories over time would result in a similar trend in the response trajectory among subjects. In order to deal with the curse of dimensionality caused by the multiple predictors, we propose an appealing multiplicative model with multivariate Gaussian kernels. This model is capable of achieving dimension reduction as well as selecting functional covariates with predictive significance. The asymptotic properties of the proposed nonparametric estimator are investigated under mild regularity conditions. We illustrate the robustness and flexibility of our proposed method via extensive simulation studies and an application to the Framingham Heart Study.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Computer Simulation ; Longitudinal Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 213543-7
    ISSN 1541-0420 ; 0099-4987 ; 0006-341X
    ISSN (online) 1541-0420
    ISSN 0099-4987 ; 0006-341X
    DOI 10.1093/biomtc/ujad023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Optimizing cryopreservation of nasal polyp tissue for cellular functional studies and single-cell RNA sequencing.

    Sohail, Aaqib / Baloh, Carolyn H / Hacker, Jonathan / Cho, Laura / Ryan, Tessa / Bergmark, Regan W / Lee, Stella E / Maxfield, Alice / Roditi, Rachel / Dwyer, Daniel F / Buchheit, Kathleen M / Laidlaw, Tanya M

    International forum of allergy & rhinology

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 972–976

    Abstract: Key points: Mast cell numbers were reduced in samples cryopreserved as whole tissue chunks. Thawed epithelial cells had reduced proliferation rates when preserved as dissociated cell suspensions. The right cryopreservation method to choose may depend on ...

    Abstract Key points: Mast cell numbers were reduced in samples cryopreserved as whole tissue chunks. Thawed epithelial cells had reduced proliferation rates when preserved as dissociated cell suspensions. The right cryopreservation method to choose may depend on the goals and cell-type focus of the project.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cryopreservation/methods ; Nasal Polyps ; Mast Cells/physiology ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; Female ; Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2625826-2
    ISSN 2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
    ISSN (online) 2042-6984
    ISSN 2042-6976
    DOI 10.1002/alr.23275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Patient-Derived Organoids from Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinomas Can Predict Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

    Yoon, Changhwan / Lu, Ju / Kim, Bang-Jin / Cho, Soo-Jeong / Kim, Jong Hyun / Moy, Ryan H / Ryeom, Sandra W / Yoon, Sam S

    Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 666–676

    Abstract: ... senescence (n = 5, 21%). By H&E staining, there were significant similarities in tumor morphology and high ...

    Abstract Background: Patients (pts) with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (LAGA) often receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A minority of patients do not respond to chemotherapy and thus may benefit from upfront surgery. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are an in vitro model that may mimic the chemotherapy response of the original tumors.
    Methods: PDOs were generated from endoscopic biopsies of LAGAs prior to the initiation of chemotherapy and treated with the two chemotherapy regimens: FLOT and FOLFOX. Cell proliferation was assayed after 3-6 days. Following chemotherapy, pts underwent surgical resection, and percent pathological necrosis was determined.
    Results: Successful PDOs were obtained from 13 of 24 (54%) LAGAs. Failure to generate PDOs were due to contamination (n = 3, 13%), early senescence (n = 3, 13%), and late senescence (n = 5, 21%). By H&E staining, there were significant similarities in tumor morphology and high concordance in immunohistochemical expression of 6 markers between tumors and derived PDOs. Four of 13 pts with successful PDOs did not undergo chemotherapy and surgery. For the remaining 9 pts, percent necrosis in resected tumors was ≤ 50% in 2 pts. The corresponding PDOs from these 2 pts were clearly chemoresistant outliers. The Pearson correlation coefficient between chemosensitivity of PDOs to FOLFOX (n = 2) or FLOT (n = 7) and percent tumor necrosis in resected tumors was 0.87 (p = 0.003).
    Conclusions: PDOs from pts with LAGAs in many respects mimic the original tumors from which they are derived and may be used to predict resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
    Synopsis: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) can serve as personalized in vitro models of patient tumors. In this study, PDOs from locally advanced gastric cancers were able to reliably predict resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Adenocarcinoma/metabolism ; Organoids/metabolism ; Organoids/pathology ; Necrosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012365-6
    ISSN 1873-4626 ; 1934-3213 ; 1091-255X
    ISSN (online) 1873-4626 ; 1934-3213
    ISSN 1091-255X
    DOI 10.1007/s11605-022-05568-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

    Ku, Peter K M / Vlantis, Alexander C / Hui, Thomas S C / Yeung, Zenon W C / Cho, Ryan H W / Wong, Marc H K / Lee, Alex K F / Yeung, David C M / Chan, Simon Y P / Chan, Becky Y T / Chang, Wai-Tsz / Mok, Florence / Wong, Kam-Hung / Wong, Jeffrey K T / Abdullah, Victor / van Hasselt, Andrew / Wu, Justin C Y / Tong, Michael C F

    Head & neck

    2024  

    Abstract: ... before esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring. The DeMeester score and reflux finding score (RFS) were used ...

    Abstract Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in post-irradiated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unknown.
    Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 31 NPC and 12 control patients completed questionnaires for GERD/LPR before esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring. The DeMeester score and reflux finding score (RFS) were used to define GERD and LPR, respectively. Risk factors were identified.
    Results: 51.6% of NPC and 8.3% of control patients, and 77.4% of NPC and 33% of control patients, were GERD-positive and LPR-positive, respectively. The GERD/LPR questionnaire failed to identify either condition in patients with NPC. No parameter differences in esophageal manometry or pneumonia incidence were noted between GERD/LPR-positive and GERD/LPR-negative patients. Post radiotherapy duration, high BMI, lack of chemotherapy, and dysphagia were positive risk factors for GERD/LPR.
    Conclusions: A high prevalence of GERD/LPR in patients with post-irradiated NPC exists, but reflux symptoms are inadequate for diagnosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645165-2
    ISSN 1097-0347 ; 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    ISSN (online) 1097-0347
    ISSN 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    DOI 10.1002/hed.27645
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Neural circuit models for evidence accumulation through choice-selective sequences.

    Brown, Lindsey S / Cho, Jounhong Ryan / Bolkan, Scott S / Nieh, Edward H / Schottdorf, Manuel / Tank, David W / Brody, Carlos D / Witten, Ilana B / Goldman, Mark S

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Decision making is traditionally thought to be mediated by populations of neurons whose firing rates persistently accumulate evidence across time. However, recent decision-making experiments in rodents have observed neurons across the brain that fire ... ...

    Abstract Decision making is traditionally thought to be mediated by populations of neurons whose firing rates persistently accumulate evidence across time. However, recent decision-making experiments in rodents have observed neurons across the brain that fire sequentially as a function of spatial position or time, rather than persistently, with the subset of neurons in the sequence depending on the animal's choice. We develop two new candidate circuit models, in which evidence is encoded either in the relative firing rates of two competing chains of neurons or in the network location of a stereotyped pattern ("bump") of neural activity. Encoded evidence is then faithfully transferred between neuronal populations representing different positions or times. Neural recordings from four different brain regions during a decision-making task showed that, during the evidence accumulation period, different brain regions displayed tuning curves consistent with different candidate models for evidence accumulation. This work provides mechanistic models and potential neural substrates for how graded-value information may be precisely accumulated within and transferred between neural populations, a set of computations fundamental to many cognitive operations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.09.01.555612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Incidence of Thromboembolic Complications Following Kidney Transplantation with Short and Extended Aspirin Prophylaxis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

    Pegler, Angus H / Hegerty, Katharine / Gately, Ryan P / Hawley, Carmel M / Johnson, David W / Cho, Yeoungjee / Jegatheesan, Dev K / McCann, Andrew B / Harfield, Michelle E / Isbel, Nicole M

    Annals of transplantation

    2023  Volume 28, Page(s) e939143

    Abstract: BACKGROUND Aspirin prophylaxis has been associated with reduced graft-related thrombosis following kidney transplantation. Aspirin cessation, however, can increase risk of venous thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary thromboembolism and deep ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND Aspirin prophylaxis has been associated with reduced graft-related thrombosis following kidney transplantation. Aspirin cessation, however, can increase risk of venous thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis. This single-center, retrospective, pre-post interventional study from Brisbane, Australia, aimed to compare the rate of thrombotic complications in 1208 adult kidney transplant recipients receiving postoperative aspirin for 5 days or >6 weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled1208 kidney transplant recipients who received 100 mg aspirin for 5 days (n=571) or >6 weeks (n=637) postoperatively. The primary outcome was venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the first 6 weeks after transplant, examined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcomes were renal vein/artery thrombosis, 1-month serum creatinine, rejection, myocardial infarction, stroke, blood transfusion, dialysis at day 5 and day 28, and mortality. RESULTS Sixteen (1.3%) patients experienced VTE (5-day n=8, 1.4%; >6-week n=8, 1.3%; P=0.8). Extended aspirin duration was not independently associated with a reduction in VTE (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.32-2.57; P=0.9). Graft thrombosis was rare (n=3, 0.25%). Aspirin duration was not associated with cardiovascular events, blood transfusion, graft thrombosis, graft dysfunction, rejection, or mortality. VTE was independently associated with older age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.16; P=0.002), smoking (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.20-13.2; P=0.032), younger donor age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-1.00; P=0.036), and thymoglobulin use (OR 10.5, 95% CI 3.09-32.1; P≥0.001). CONCLUSIONS Extended-duration aspirin use did not significantly reduce the incidence of VTE in the first 6 weeks following kidney transplantation. An association was identified between anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin and VTE, which requires further assessment.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Aspirin ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1484710-3
    ISSN 2329-0358 ; 1425-9524
    ISSN (online) 2329-0358
    ISSN 1425-9524
    DOI 10.12659/AOT.939143
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  7. Article ; Online: A Hybrid Auricular Framework of Autologous Rib Cartilage and a Porous Polyethylene Implant for Reconstruction of Congenital Microtia: A Modification of Nagata's Technique.

    Ku, Peter K M / Vlantis, Alexander C / Tong, Marcus C / Chan, Trevor T T / Yeung, Zenon W C / Cho, Ryan H W / Hui, Thomas S C / Ho, Osan Y M / Leung, Iris O S / Tsang, Willis S S / Lai, Nelson K L / Chang, Wai-Tsz / Abdullah, Victor / van Hasselt, Andrew / Tong, Michael C F

    Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–22

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Congenital Microtia/surgery ; Polyethylene ; Porosity ; Cartilage/transplantation ; Ribs/surgery
    Chemical Substances Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3006458-2
    ISSN 2689-3622 ; 2689-3614
    ISSN (online) 2689-3622
    ISSN 2689-3614
    DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Droplet digital PCR of tumor suppressor gene methylation in serial oral rinses of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

    Fung, Sherwood Y H / Chan, Kwan Chee Allen / Wong, Eddy W Y / Ng, Cherrie W K / Cho, Ryan / Yeung, Zenon W C / Lam, Jacky W K / Chan, Jason Y K

    Head & neck

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 1812–1822

    Abstract: Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently lacks sensitive approaches to detect cancer-related traits in body fluid.: Methods: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (PAX5, EDNRB, and DCC) were measured in the oral ... ...

    Abstract Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently lacks sensitive approaches to detect cancer-related traits in body fluid.
    Methods: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (PAX5, EDNRB, and DCC) were measured in the oral rinses from 50 HNSCC and 58 control subjects using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Diagnostic accuracies in detecting HNSCC and the detection rate of recurrence in the post-treatment monitoring were analyzed.
    Results: ddPCR TSG methylation detection in oral rinses for diagnosis of HNSCC had an AUC of 0.892 for PAX5, 0.753 for EDNRB, and 0.729 for DCC. Significant drop of TSG methylation was observed after completion of surgery (p < 0.01). 76.9% of the relapse cases had a pre-emptive rebound of methylation above presurgery levels in at least one of the tested markers before confirmed recurrence.
    Conclusions: Utilizing ddPCR for TSG methylation detection in oral rinses shows potential for detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645165-2
    ISSN 1097-0347 ; 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    ISSN (online) 1097-0347
    ISSN 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    DOI 10.1002/hed.26647
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: SCALE-UP II: protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial examining population health management interventions to increase the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing in community health centres.

    Del Fiol, Guilherme / Orleans, Brian / Kuzmenko, Tatyana V / Chipman, Jonathan / Greene, Tom / Martinez, Anna / Wirth, Jennifer / Meads, Ray / Kaphingst, Kimberly K / Gibson, Bryan / Kawamoto, Kensaku / King, Andy J / Siaperas, Tracey / Hughes, Shlisa / Pruhs, Alan / Pariera Dinkins, Courtney / Lam, Cho Y / Pierce, Joni H / Benson, Ryzen /
    Borsato, Emerson P / Cornia, Ryan / Stevens, Leticia / Bradshaw, Richard L / Schlechter, Chelsey R / Wetter, David W

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e081455

    Abstract: Introduction: SCALE-UP II aims to investigate the effectiveness of population health management interventions using text messaging (TM), chatbots and patient navigation (PN) in increasing the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing among patients in ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: SCALE-UP II aims to investigate the effectiveness of population health management interventions using text messaging (TM), chatbots and patient navigation (PN) in increasing the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing among patients in historically marginalised communities, specifically, those receiving care at community health centres (CHCs).
    Methods and analysis: The trial is a multisite, randomised pragmatic clinical trial. Eligible patients are >18 years old with a primary care visit in the last 3 years at one of the participating CHCs. Demographic data will be obtained from CHC electronic health records. Patients will be randomised to one of two factorial designs based on smartphone ownership. Patients who self-report replying to a text message that they have a smartphone will be randomised in a 2×2×2 factorial fashion to receive (1) chatbot or TM; (2) PN (yes or no); and (3) repeated offers to interact with the interventions every 10 or 30 days. Participants who do not self-report as having a smartphone will be randomised in a 2×2 factorial fashion to receive (1) TM with or without PN; and (2) repeated offers every 10 or 30 days. The interventions will be sent in English or Spanish, with an option to request at-home COVID-19 test kits. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants using at-home COVID-19 tests during a 90-day follow-up. The study will evaluate the main effects and interactions among interventions, implementation outcomes and predictors and moderators of study outcomes. Statistical analyses will include logistic regression, stratified subgroup analyses and adjustment for stratification factors.
    Ethics and dissemination: The protocol was approved by the University of Utah Institutional Review Board. On completion, study data will be made available in compliance with National Institutes of Health data sharing policies. Results will be disseminated through study partners and peer-reviewed publications.
    Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05533918 and NCT05533359.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Community Health Centers ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Population Health Management ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081455
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  10. Article ; Online: Cerebral Aβ deposition in an Aβ-precursor protein-transgenic rhesus monkey.

    Chan, Anthony W S / Cho, In Ki / Li, Chun-Xia / Zhang, Xiaodong / Patel, Sudeep / Rusnak, Rebecca / Raper, Jessica / Bachevalier, Jocelyne / Moran, Sean P / Chi, Tim / Cannon, Katherine H / Hunter, Carissa E / Martin, Ryan C / Xiao, Hailian / Yang, Shang-Hsun / Gumber, Sanjeev / Herndon, James G / Rosen, Rebecca F / Hu, William T /
    Lah, James J / Levey, Allan I / Smith, Yoland / Walker, Lary C

    Aging brain

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: With the ultimate goal of developing a more representative animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), two female amyloid-β-(Aβ) precursor protein-transgenic (APPtg) rhesus monkeys were generated by lentiviral transduction of ... ...

    Abstract With the ultimate goal of developing a more representative animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), two female amyloid-β-(Aβ) precursor protein-transgenic (APPtg) rhesus monkeys were generated by lentiviral transduction of the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-9589
    ISSN (online) 2589-9589
    DOI 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100044
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