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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges for Medicare and universal health care in Australia since 2000.

    Linnane, Damien / Cumming, Craig / Kinner, Stuart A

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2024  Volume 220, Issue 5, Page(s) 276

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; Universal Health Care ; National Health Programs ; Australia ; Health Services Accessibility
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.52229
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  2. Article ; Online: Catalytic 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid Promotes Mild Miyaura Borylations.

    Klootwyk, Brittany M / Ruble, J Craig / Cumming, Graham R / Woerly, Eric M

    The Journal of organic chemistry

    2024  Volume 89, Issue 8, Page(s) 5901–5904

    Abstract: The Miyaura borylation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides and bromides using a combination of potassium carbonate and 5 mol % 2-ethylhexanoic acid at 25 °C is reported. ... ...

    Abstract The Miyaura borylation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides and bromides using a combination of potassium carbonate and 5 mol % 2-ethylhexanoic acid at 25 °C is reported. The
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123490-0
    ISSN 1520-6904 ; 0022-3263
    ISSN (online) 1520-6904
    ISSN 0022-3263
    DOI 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00280
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  3. Article ; Online: Hospital length of stay and readmission after elective surgery: a comparison of current and former smokers with non-smokers.

    Arena, Gina / Cumming, Craig / Lizama, Natalia / Mace, Hamish / Preen, David B

    BMC health services research

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 85

    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers in hospital length of stay (LOS), readmission (seven and 28 days) and cost of readmission for patients admitted for elective surgery. ...

    Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers in hospital length of stay (LOS), readmission (seven and 28 days) and cost of readmission for patients admitted for elective surgery.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort study of administrative inpatient data from 24, 818 patients admitted to seven metropolitan hospitals in Western Australia between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019 for multiday elective surgery was conducted. Data included smoking status, LOS, procedure type, age, sex and Indigenous status. LOS for smoking status was compared using multivariable negative binomial regression. Odds of readmission were compared for non-smokers and both ex-smokers and current smokers using separate multivariable logistic regression models.
    Results: Mean LOS for non-smokers (4.7 days, SD=5.7) was significantly lower than both ex-smokers (6.2 days SD 7.9) and current smokers (6.1 days, SD=8.2). Compared to non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers had significantly higher odds of readmission within seven (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.47, and OR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.59, respectively) and 28 days (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.49, and OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.69, respectively) of discharge. The cost of readmission for seven and 28-day readmission was significantly higher for current smokers compared to non-smokers (RR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.1.6, 2.0; RR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.65, respectively).
    Conclusion: Among patients admitted for elective surgery, hospital LOS, readmission risk and readmission costs were all higher for smokers compared with non-smokers. The findings indicate that provision of smoking cessation treatment for adults undergoing elective surgery is likely to produce multiple benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Patient Readmission ; Retrospective Studies ; Non-Smokers ; Smokers ; Hospitals ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-024-10566-3
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  4. Article ; Online: Contribution of pharmaceutical drugs of dependence to the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in Western Australia between 2003 and 2018.

    Kelty, Erin A / Cumming, Craig N / Preen, David B

    Pharmacotherapy

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 405–410

    Abstract: Study objective: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Western Australia (WA) and estimate the contribution of pharmaceutical drugs of dependence (PDD) to NAS.: Design: A population-based birth ... ...

    Abstract Study objective: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Western Australia (WA) and estimate the contribution of pharmaceutical drugs of dependence (PDD) to NAS.
    Design: A population-based birth cohort study.
    Data source: Neonates were identified through the Midwives Notification Scheme. Linked medication dispensing and hospital records were used to identify exposure to PDD and NAS diagnosis.
    Patients: All live born neonates born in WA between 2003 and 2018.
    Measurements: The incidence of NAS and percentage of NAS diagnoses associated with exposure to PDD.
    Main results: During the study period, the incidence of NAS did not significantly change (annual percentage change (APC): 0.6, 95%CI: -1.3, 2.6), with 3.8 neonates per 1,000 live births diagnosed with NAS. PDD were dispensed to 41.4% of mothers of neonates with NAS, with PDD used to treat opioid use disorders the most commonly prescribed (35.2% of neonates with NAS), while opioid PDD used in the treatment of pain contributed to 5.2% of NAS cases. Non-opioid PDD contributed to 1.7% of cases of NAS. The incidence of NAS associated with the use of opioids used to treat opioid use disorders (OUD) decreased over the study period (APC: -6.5, 95%CI: -9.5, -3.4), while NAS associated with opioids used to treat pain remained stable (APC: -2.7, 95%CI: -7.1, 1.9).
    Conclusion: The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in WA remained stable from 2003 to 2018. Medications used to treat opioid use disorders were a substantial driver of NAS, although NAS associated with these medications has declined over time.
    MeSH term(s) Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/diagnosis ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/drug therapy ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Pain/drug therapy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Western Australia/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603158-4
    ISSN 1875-9114 ; 0277-0008
    ISSN (online) 1875-9114
    ISSN 0277-0008
    DOI 10.1002/phar.2678
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  5. Article ; Online: The health needs of people leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine and/or opioid use.

    Cumming, Craig / Kinner, Stuart A / McKetin, Rebecca / Li, Ian / Preen, David B

    Drug and alcohol review

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 778–784

    Abstract: Introduction: Methamphetamine use is more common than opioid use among prison entrants in some countries, including Australia, yet most research and policy focuses on opioid use. This suggests that traditional opioid-focused interventions are no longer ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Methamphetamine use is more common than opioid use among prison entrants in some countries, including Australia, yet most research and policy focuses on opioid use. This suggests that traditional opioid-focused interventions are no longer appropriate for the majority of this group in countries such as Australia. To inform policy and practice, we compared socio-demographic characteristics and health needs of people leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine use and/or opioid use.
    Methods: A cross-sectional survey of incarcerated adults administered the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test was used to identify moderate-/high-risk methamphetamine use (n = 909), opioid use (n = 115) or combined methamphetamine/opioid use (n = 356) before incarceration. We compared groups using modified log-linked Poisson regression with robust error variance.
    Results: Compared to the opioid-only group, the methamphetamine-only group were: significantly more often aged <25 years; significantly more likely to identify as Indigenous; significantly less likely to have a history of prior incarceration, drug injection or overdose. A significantly lower proportion of methamphetamine-only and methamphetamine-and-opioid participants self-reported current hepatitis C infection compared to opioid-only participants. A majority of participants in all groups screened positive for current psychological distress according to the K10.
    Discussion and conclusions: People leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine use differ from opioid users with respect to demographics, patterns of substance use and related health concerns. Treatment and harm reduction efforts for people who experience incarceration must respond to patterns of drug use in this population, and invest at scale in coordinated, continuous services for co-occurring substance use and mental health problems.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Prisons ; Methamphetamine ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Prisoners
    Chemical Substances Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1080442-0
    ISSN 1465-3362 ; 0959-5236
    ISSN (online) 1465-3362
    ISSN 0959-5236
    DOI 10.1111/dar.13636
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  6. Article: People experiencing homelessness urgently need to be recognised as a high risk group for COVID-19.

    Cumming, Craig / Wood, Lisa / Davies, Andrew

    Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 359–360

    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Australia/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Homeless Persons/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-14
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2250864-8
    ISSN 2201-1617 ; 1036-1073
    ISSN (online) 2201-1617
    ISSN 1036-1073
    DOI 10.1002/hpja.355
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  7. Article ; Online: Self-harm and suicide attempts among incarcerated lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Australia.

    Hail-Jares, Katie / Cumming, Craig / Young, Jesse T / Borschmann, Rohan / Lennox, Nick / Kinner, Stuart A

    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 562–571

    Abstract: Objectives: Guided by minority stress theory, we explored the association between sexual identity, justice system involvement, self-harm and suicide attempts, among a cohort of incarcerated adults in Australia.: Methods: A sample of 2698 adults ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Guided by minority stress theory, we explored the association between sexual identity, justice system involvement, self-harm and suicide attempts, among a cohort of incarcerated adults in Australia.
    Methods: A sample of 2698 adults incarcerated in Queensland and Western Australia were surveyed between 1 August 2008 and 12 August 2016 about their current psychological distress, mental health diagnoses, contact with mental health services, and lifetime and recent self-harm and suicide attempts. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore the relationship between sexual orientation, prior criminal justice system involvement, mental health and demographic factors.
    Results: Five percent of the sample identified as gay, lesbian or bisexual, with 37% of lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted individuals reporting that they had self-harmed (vs 14% of heterosexual peers; χ
    Conclusion: Intersectionality theory suggests that people who are navigating two or more marginalised identities often experience a compounding of internal and external stressors. Consistent with that theory, lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted people who experience incarceration may be at particularly high risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviour. Custodial settings should both improve cultural competency for frontline staff working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted individuals and improve access to mental health services during incarceration.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Bisexuality ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology ; Australia/epidemiology ; Prisoners
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 221140-3
    ISSN 1440-1614 ; 0004-8674
    ISSN (online) 1440-1614
    ISSN 0004-8674
    DOI 10.1177/00048674221104744
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  8. Article ; Online: Khat use and perceived health problems among African migrants in Australia: an exploratory study.

    Cumming, Craig / Butt, Julia / Hersi, Abdi / Tohow, Ahmed / Young, Jesse

    Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 491–500

    Abstract: Background: The chronic use of khat, a plant with psychostimulant properties, has been associated with physical and mental health problems. Previous research found that non-khat users were more likely than khat users to perceive its use to be associated ...

    Abstract Background: The chronic use of khat, a plant with psychostimulant properties, has been associated with physical and mental health problems. Previous research found that non-khat users were more likely than khat users to perceive its use to be associated with poor health.
    Aims: We aimed to identify differences in the perception of specific khat-associated health problems between khat users and non-users.
    Methods: In 2012, 133 adults (≥ 18 years) from African migrant communities in 4 state capital cities in Australia completed questionnaires to ascertain their perception of whether specific health problems were associated with khat use. Multivariable log-linked Poisson regression was used to compare the perceptions of the 2 groups and identify differences, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, tobacco use and years living in Australia.
    Results: Overall, 58 (44%) and 75 (56%) participants reported current khat use and no use respectively. Adjusted log-linked Poisson regression showed that people who use khat were less likely than non-users to perceive certain health and related problems were associated with khat use, including, poor health in general [prevalence risk ratio (PRR) = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00]; laziness (PRR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99); stomach and throat problems (PRR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96); and teeth, gum and mouth problems (PRR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.99).
    Conclusions: Khat users are less likely to perceive use being associated with health problems than non-users. Providing information on the health problems associated with khat use may be an important component of health promotion strategies and interventions aimed at minimising khat-related harm.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia/epidemiology ; Catha/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Status ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Transients and Migrants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1291071-5
    ISSN 1687-1634 ; 1020-3397
    ISSN (online) 1687-1634
    ISSN 1020-3397
    DOI 10.26719/2021.27.5.491
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  9. Article ; Online: Maternal incarceration increases the risk of self-harm but not suicide: a matched cohort study.

    Cumming, Craig / Bell, Megan F / Segal, Leonie / Spittal, Matthew J / Kinner, Stuart A / Dennison, Susan / Dawe, Sharon / Preen, David B

    Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences

    2023  Volume 32, Page(s) e33

    Abstract: Aims: Children of incarcerated mothers are at increased risk of experiencing multiple adversity such as poverty, mental illness and contact with child protection services (CPS), including being taken into out of home care (OOHC). However, little is ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Children of incarcerated mothers are at increased risk of experiencing multiple adversity such as poverty, mental illness and contact with child protection services (CPS), including being taken into out of home care (OOHC). However, little is known about whether these children are at increased risk of suicide or self-harm compared to children not exposed to maternal incarceration or about the factors that may contribute to this. We aimed to investigate differences in the risk of suicide and self-harm between children exposed to maternal incarceration and those not exposed and examine how socio-demographic factors, maternal mental illness and CPS contact (with or without OOHC) may affect these outcomes.
    Methods: We used a retrospective matched cohort study design, comparing 7674 children exposed to maternal incarceration with 7674 non-exposed children. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to compare the risk of suicide and self-harm between exposed and non-exposed groups, controlling for geographical remoteness, CPS contact and maternal mental illness.
    Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of suicide (rate ratio [RR] = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78, 2.87) or risk of suicide (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.96) between the two groups. However, the exposed group had a significantly higher rate of self-harm (RR = 2.83; 95% CI: 2.50, 3.21) and a significantly higher risk of self-harm (aHR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.09) compared to those non-exposed. CPS contact with or without OOHC was independently associated with an increased risk of self-harm for both groups.
    Conclusion: Children exposed to maternal incarceration are at an increased risk of self-harm and should be prioritized to receive targeted, multimodal support that continues after the mother's release from prison. The association between CPS contact and self-harm warrants further research.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Suicide ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Mothers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2607964-1
    ISSN 2045-7979 ; 2045-7960
    ISSN (online) 2045-7979
    ISSN 2045-7960
    DOI 10.1017/S2045796023000264
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  10. Article ; Online: The predictive validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for moderate- to high-risk cannabis, methamphetamine and opioid use after release from prison.

    Cumming, Craig / Kinner, Stuart A / McKetin, Rebecca / Young, Jesse T / Li, Ian / Preen, David B

    Addiction (Abingdon, England)

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 6, Page(s) 1107–1115

    Abstract: Background and aims: Illicit substance use is common among people entering prisons, as is returning to substance use after release from prison. We aimed to assess the predictive validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test ( ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Illicit substance use is common among people entering prisons, as is returning to substance use after release from prison. We aimed to assess the predictive validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for returning to substance use after release from prison.
    Design: A longitudinal design with baseline survey conducted between 2008 and 2010 in the 6 weeks before expected prison release and up to three follow-up surveys in the 6 months after release.
    Setting: Prisons in Queensland, Australia.
    Participants: A total of 1054 adults within 6 weeks of expected release from prison.
    Measurements: The ASSIST was used to assess problematic use of cannabis, methamphetamine, heroin and other non-prescribed opioids in the 3 months before incarceration. Post-incarceration substance use was measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after release. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the optimal ASSIST cut-off score for each substance, using Youden's index (J).
    Findings: Forty-one per cent (n = 434) of the cohort reported any substance use during follow-up: 33% (n = 344) used cannabis, 20% (n = 209) methamphetamine, 10% (n = 109) heroin and 9% (n = 97) illicit other opioids. The optimal ASSIST cut-off score was ≥ 4 for heroin, methamphetamine and cannabis and ≥ 1 for other opioids. Using these cut-offs, the AUROC was highest for heroin in predicting both any use (AUROC = 0.82) and weekly use (AUROC = 0.88) in the past 4 weeks. AUROCs for other drugs ranged from 0.73 to 0.79.
    Conclusions: The ASSIST shows promise as an accurate and potentially scalable tool that may be useful for predicting a return to substance use after release from prison and could inform service delivery. The substantial rates of returning to substance use after release from prison suggest that prison serves to interrupt rather than cease substance use.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Prisons ; Cannabis ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Methamphetamine ; Heroin ; Smoking ; Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Prisoners
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Heroin (70D95007SX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1141051-6
    ISSN 1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
    ISSN (online) 1360-0443
    ISSN 0965-2140
    DOI 10.1111/add.16138
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