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  1. Article ; Online: Effects of gene dosage and development on subcortical nuclei volumes in individuals with 22q11.2 copy number variations.

    Schleifer, Charles H / O'Hora, Kathleen P / Fung, Hoki / Xu, Jennifer / Robinson, Taylor-Ann / Wu, Angela S / Kushan-Wells, Leila / Lin, Amy / Ching, Christopher R K / Bearden, Carrie E

    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2024  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 1024–1032

    Abstract: The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated ...

    Abstract The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated with autism, but 22qDel uniquely elevates schizophrenia risk. Understanding brain phenotypes associated with these highly penetrant CNVs can provide insights into genetic pathways underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Human neuroimaging and animal models indicate subcortical brain alterations in 22qDel, yet little is known about developmental differences across specific nuclei between reciprocal 22q11.2 CNV carriers and typically developing (TD) controls. We conducted a longitudinal MRI study in a total of 385 scans from 22qDel (n = 96, scans = 191, 53.1% female), 22qDup (n = 37, scans = 64, 45.9% female), and TD controls (n = 80, scans = 130, 51.2% female), across a wide age range (5.5-49.5 years). Volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and anatomical subregions were estimated using FreeSurfer, and the linear effects of 22q11.2 gene dosage and non-linear effects of age were characterized with generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). Positive gene dosage effects (volume increasing with copy number) were observed for total intracranial and whole hippocampus volumes, but not whole thalamus or amygdala volumes. Several amygdala subregions exhibited similar positive effects, with bi-directional effects found across thalamic nuclei. Distinct age-related trajectories were observed across the three groups. Notably, both 22qDel and 22qDup carriers exhibited flattened development of hippocampal CA2/3 subfields relative to TD controls. This study provides novel insights into the impact of 22q11.2 CNVs on subcortical brain structures and their developmental trajectories.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Adult ; Gene Dosage ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Child, Preschool ; DiGeorge Syndrome/genetics ; DiGeorge Syndrome/pathology ; DiGeorge Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Longitudinal Studies ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/growth & development ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/growth & development ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Amygdala/pathology ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging ; Thalamus/growth & development ; Thalamus/pathology ; Organ Size
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639471-1
    ISSN 1740-634X ; 0893-133X
    ISSN (online) 1740-634X
    ISSN 0893-133X
    DOI 10.1038/s41386-024-01832-3
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  2. Article: Effects of Gene Dosage and Development on Subcortical Nuclei Volumes in Individuals with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variations.

    Schleifer, Charles H / O'Hora, Kathleen P / Fung, Hoki / Xu, Jennifer / Robinson, Taylor-Ann / Wu, Angela S / Kushan-Wells, Leila / Lin, Amy / Ching, Christopher R K / Bearden, Carrie E

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated ...

    Abstract The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated with autism, but 22qDel uniquely elevates schizophrenia risk. Understanding brain phenotypes associated with these highly penetrant CNVs can provide insights into genetic pathways underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Human neuroimaging and animal models indicate subcortical brain alterations in 22qDel, yet little is known about developmental differences across specific nuclei between reciprocal 22q11.2 CNV carriers and typically developing (TD) controls. We conducted a longitudinal MRI study in 22qDel (n=96, 53.1% female), 22qDup (n=37, 45.9% female), and TD controls (n=80, 51.2% female), across a wide age range (5.5-49.5 years). Volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and anatomical subregions were estimated using FreeSurfer, and the effect of 22q11.2 gene dosage was examined using linear mixed models. Age-related changes were characterized with general additive mixed models (GAMMs). Positive gene dosage effects (22qDel < TD < 22qDup) were observed for total intracranial and whole hippocampus volumes, but not whole thalamus or amygdala volumes. Several amygdala subregions exhibited similar positive effects, with bi-directional effects found across thalamic nuclei. Distinct age-related trajectories were observed across the three groups. Notably, both 22qDel and 22qDup carriers exhibited flattened development of hippocampal CA2/3 subfields relative to TD controls. This study provides novel insights into the impact of 22q11.2 CNVs on subcortical brain structures and their developmental trajectories.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.10.31.564553
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures.

    Moujaes, Flora / Ji, Jie Lisa / Rahmati, Masih / Burt, Joshua B / Schleifer, Charles / Adkinson, Brendan D / Savic, Aleksandar / Santamauro, Nicole / Tamayo, Zailyn / Diehl, Caroline / Kolobaric, Antonija / Flynn, Morgan / Rieser, Nathalie / Fonteneau, Clara / Camarro, Terry / Xu, Junqian / Cho, Youngsun / Repovs, Grega / Fineberg, Sarah K /
    Morgan, Peter T / Seifritz, Erich / Vollenweider, Franz X / Krystal, John H / Murray, John D / Preller, Katrin H / Anticevic, Alan

    eLife

    2024  Volume 13

    Abstract: Background: Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms connect to its neural and behavioral effects.
    Methods: We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study, with participants blinded to their treatment condition. 40 healthy participants received acute ketamine (initial bolus 0.23 mg/kg, continuous infusion 0.58 mg/kg/hr). We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via data-driven global brain connectivity and related it to individual ketamine-induced symptom variation and cortical gene expression targets.
    Results: We found that: (i) both the neural and behavioral effects of acute ketamine are multi-dimensional, reflecting robust inter-individual variability; (ii) ketamine's data-driven principal neural gradient effect matched somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PVALB) cortical gene expression patterns in humans, while the mean effect did not; and (iii) behavioral data-driven individual symptom variation mapped onto distinct neural gradients of ketamine, which were resolvable at the single-subject level.
    Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering individual behavioral and neural variation in response to ketamine. They also have implications for the development of individually precise pharmacological biomarkers for treatment selection in psychiatry.
    Funding: This study was supported by NIH grants DP5OD012109-01 (A.A.), 1U01MH121766 (A.A.), R01MH112746 (J.D.M.), 5R01MH112189 (A.A.), 5R01MH108590 (A.A.), NIAAA grant 2P50AA012870-11 (A.A.); NSF NeuroNex grant 2015276 (J.D.M.); Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Award (A.A.); SFARI Pilot Award (J.D.M., A.A.); Heffter Research Institute (Grant No. 1-190420) (FXV, KHP); Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation (Grant No. 2016-0111) (FXV, KHP); Swiss National Science Foundation under the framework of Neuron Cofund (Grant No. 01EW1908) (KHP); Usona Institute (2015 - 2056) (FXV).
    Clinical trial number: NCT03842800.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Single-Blind Method ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Brain
    Chemical Substances Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.84173
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  4. Article ; Online: Longitudinal accuracy analysis of ultrasound performed during a four-year emergency medicine residency.

    Schleifer, Jessica / Haney, Rachel M / Shokoohi, Hamid / Huang, Calvin K / Ratanski, Daniel / Kimberly, Heidi / Liteplo, Andrew S

    AEM education and training

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) e10574

    Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to analyze patterns of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performance over 4 years of emergency medicine (EM) residency. Specifically, we aimed to study how accuracy and adherence to standards of scanning ... ...

    Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to analyze patterns of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performance over 4 years of emergency medicine (EM) residency. Specifically, we aimed to study how accuracy and adherence to standards of scanning changed by postgraduate year (PGY).
    Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of resident-performed POCUS at an academic emergency department over 6 years. We reviewed records of POCUS scans performed by PGY-1 to -4 residents that had been collected for quality assurance purposes. Data that were collected about EM residents' performance included the total number and type of scans per year, rate of technically limited scans (TLS), and accuracy on interpreting ultrasound images. Resident performances in each year (PGY-1 to -4) were independently evaluated and reported.
    Results: During a 6-year period, 137 different EM residents performed 50,815 ultrasound scans. The median number of scans was 177 for PGY-1, 124 for PGY-2, 118 for PGY-3, and 76 for residents in PGY-4. The accuracy of scan interpretations were high across all PGY levels (>97%), but slight degradation was observed as residents progressed through residency. The TLS rate increased from 4.7% among PGY-1s to 13.6% as PGY-4s.
    Conclusions: In this large cohort of POCUS studies by EM residents, POCUS accuracy rates decreased and rates of TLS significantly increased as residents progressed through residency.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2472-5390
    ISSN (online) 2472-5390
    DOI 10.1002/aet2.10574
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  5. Article ; Online: Prevalence and Impact of Poorly Controlled Modifiable Risk Factors Among Patients Who Underwent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

    Stout, Kara / Almerstani, Muaaz / Adomako, Rees / Shin, David / Aroudaky, Ahmad / Tandon, Hannah / Alziadin, Nmair / Schleifer, John William / Payne, Jason / Easley, Arthur / Khan, Faris / Windle, John / Goyal, Neha / Tsai, Shane / Anderson, Daniel / Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai / Naksuk, Niyada

    The American journal of cardiology

    2023  Volume 198, Page(s) 38–46

    Abstract: Managing atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors (RFs) improves ablation outcomes in obese patients. However, real-world data, including nonobese patients, are limited. This study examined the modifiable RFs of consecutive patients who underwent AF ... ...

    Abstract Managing atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors (RFs) improves ablation outcomes in obese patients. However, real-world data, including nonobese patients, are limited. This study examined the modifiable RFs of consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation at a tertiary care hospital from 2012 to 2019. The prespecified RFs included body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery ; Prevalence ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/surgery ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects ; Recurrence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.04.024
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  6. Article ; Online: Carotid Ultrasound in Assessing Fluid Responsiveness in Patients with Hypotension and Suspected Sepsis.

    Liteplo, Andrew S / Schleifer, Jessica / Marill, Keith A / Huang, Calvin K / Gouker, Stacey K / Ratanski, Daniel / Diamond, Eden / Filbin, Michael R / Shokoohi, Hamid

    Shock (Augusta, Ga.)

    2021  Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 419–424

    Abstract: Purpose: We sought to assess whether ultrasound (US) measurements of carotid flow time (CFTc) and carotid blood flow (CBF) predict fluid responsiveness in patients with suspected sepsis.: Methods: This was a prospective observational study of ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: We sought to assess whether ultrasound (US) measurements of carotid flow time (CFTc) and carotid blood flow (CBF) predict fluid responsiveness in patients with suspected sepsis.
    Methods: This was a prospective observational study of hypotensive (systolic blood pressure < 90) patients "at risk" for sepsis receiving intravenous fluids (IVF) in the emergency department. US measurements of CFTc and CBF were performed at time zero and upon completion of IVF. All US measurements were repeated after a passive leg raise (PLR) maneuver. Fluid responsiveness was defined as normalization of blood pressure without persistent hypotension or need for vasopressors.
    Results: A convenience sample of 69 patients was enrolled. The mean age was 65; 49% were female. Fluid responders comprised 52% of the cohort. CFTc values increased significantly with both PLR (P = 0.047) and IVF administration (P = 0.003), but CBF values did not (P = 0.924 and P = 0.064 respectively). Neither absolute CFTc or CBF measures, nor changes in these values with PLR or IVF bolus, predicted fluid responsiveness, mortality, or the need for intensive care unit admission.
    Conclusion: In patients with suspected sepsis, a fluid challenge resulted in a significant change in CFTc, but not CBF. Neither absolute measurement nor delta measurements with fluid challenge predicted clinical outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Arteries/physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hypotension/complications ; Hypotension/diagnostic imaging ; Hypotension/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Regional Blood Flow/physiology ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/diagnostic imaging ; Sepsis/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1185432-7
    ISSN 1540-0514 ; 1073-2322
    ISSN (online) 1540-0514
    ISSN 1073-2322
    DOI 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001755
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  7. Article ; Online: Relationship between benzodiazepine prescription, aggressive behavior, and behavioral disinhibition: a retrospective study in a Swiss prison.

    Baggio, Stéphanie / Starcevic, Vladan / Heller, Patrick / Brändle, Karen / Franke, Irina / Schneeberger, Andreas / Buadze, Anna / Gamma, Alex / Schleifer, Roman / Gétaz, Laurent / Wolff, Hans / Liebrenz, Michael

    Harm reduction journal

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

    Abstract: Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive ... ...

    Abstract Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive substances. The present study aimed to (1) ascertain the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription (including their dosage and duration of use) and aggressive behavior and behavioral disinhibition in prison and (2) investigate whether there was an association between benzodiazepine prescription, (including their dosage and duration of use) and using and trafficking illicit and addictive substances during imprisonment.
    Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic database of an "open" Swiss prison (n = 1206, 1379 measures) over a 5-year period (2010-2015). Measures included benzodiazepine prescription, duration of benzodiazepine use and mean dosage, and punishable behaviors (physical and verbal aggression, disinhibited but not directly aggressive behaviors, property damage or theft, substance-related offenses, and rule transgression). We assessed the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription and punishable behaviors after propensity score matching. Logistic regressions were also used to test the relationship of benzodiazepine use duration and dosage with punishable behaviors among participants who received benzodiazepines.
    Results: After propensity score matching, benzodiazepine prescription was not significantly associated with any punishable behavior. Among detained persons who took benzodiazepines, there was no significant association of dosage and duration of use with offenses involving illicit or addictive substance use or trafficking.
    Conclusions: Our study did not empirically support the occurrence of increased aggressive or disinhibited behaviors or increased risk of substance abuse in detained persons who received benzodiazepines in prison. This suggests a need to reconsider restrictions in prescribing benzodiazepines in the prison setting.
    MeSH term(s) Aggression ; Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Prisons ; Retrospective Studies ; Switzerland/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1477-7517
    ISSN (online) 1477-7517
    DOI 10.1186/s12954-021-00504-5
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  8. Article ; Online: Hypoxia ameliorates brain hyperoxia and NAD

    Grange, Robert M H / Sharma, Rohit / Shah, Hardik / Reinstadler, Bryn / Goldberger, Olga / Cooper, Marissa K / Nakagawa, Akito / Miyazaki, Yusuke / Hindle, Allyson G / Batten, Annabelle J / Wojtkiewicz, Gregory R / Schleifer, Grigorij / Bagchi, Aranya / Marutani, Eizo / Malhotra, Rajeev / Bloch, Donald B / Ichinose, Fumito / Mootha, Vamsi K / Zapol, Warren M

    Molecular genetics and metabolism

    2021  Volume 133, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–93

    Abstract: Leigh syndrome is a severe mitochondrial neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. In the ... ...

    Abstract Leigh syndrome is a severe mitochondrial neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. In the Ndufs4
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Hypoxia/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electron Transport Complex I/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Humans ; Leigh Disease/genetics ; Leigh Disease/metabolism ; Leigh Disease/therapy ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; NAD/deficiency ; NAD/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Respiration/genetics
    Chemical Substances Ndufs4 protein, mouse ; NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Electron Transport Complex I (EC 7.1.1.2) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1418518-0
    ISSN 1096-7206 ; 1096-7192
    ISSN (online) 1096-7206
    ISSN 1096-7192
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.005
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  9. Article ; Online: An engineered enzyme that targets circulating lactate to alleviate intracellular NADH:NAD

    Patgiri, Anupam / Skinner, Owen S / Miyazaki, Yusuke / Schleifer, Grigorij / Marutani, Eizo / Shah, Hardik / Sharma, Rohit / Goodman, Russell P / To, Tsz-Leung / Robert Bao, Xiaoyan / Ichinose, Fumito / Zapol, Warren M / Mootha, Vamsi K

    Nature biotechnology

    2020  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 309–313

    Abstract: An elevated intracellular NADH: ... ...

    Abstract An elevated intracellular NADH:NAD
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria/enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Protein Engineering/methods ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Pyruvic Acid (8558G7RUTR) ; Mixed Function Oxygenases (EC 1.-) ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; lactate 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.4)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1311932-1
    ISSN 1546-1696 ; 1087-0156
    ISSN (online) 1546-1696
    ISSN 1087-0156
    DOI 10.1038/s41587-019-0377-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of reward on spatial working memory in schizophrenia.

    Cho, Youngsun T / Lam, Norman H / Starc, Martina / Santamauro, Nicole / Savic, Aleksandar / Diehl, Caroline K / Schleifer, Charles H / Moujaes, Flora / Srihari, Vinod H / Repovs, Grega / Murray, John D / Anticevic, Alan

    Journal of abnormal psychology

    2018  Volume 127, Issue 7, Page(s) 695–709

    Abstract: Reward processing and cognition are disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how these processes interface is unknown. In SCZ, deficits in reward representation may affect motivated, goal-directed behaviors. To test this, we examined the effects of monetary ...

    Abstract Reward processing and cognition are disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how these processes interface is unknown. In SCZ, deficits in reward representation may affect motivated, goal-directed behaviors. To test this, we examined the effects of monetary reward on spatial working memory (WM) performance in patients with SCZ. To capture complimentary effects, we tested biophysically grounded computational models of neuropharmacologic manipulations onto a canonical fronto-parietal association cortical microcircuit capable of WM computations. Patients with SCZ (n = 33) and healthy control subjects (HCS; n = 32) performed a spatial WM task with 2 reward manipulations: reward cues presented prior to each trial, or contextually prior to a block of trials. WM performance was compared with cortical circuit models of WM subjected to feed-forward glutamatergic excitation, feed-forward GABAergic inhibition, or recurrent modulation strengthening local connections. Results demonstrated that both groups improved WM performance to reward cues presented prior to each trial (HCS d = -0.62; SCZ d = -1.0), with percent improvement correlating with baseline WM performance (r = .472, p < .001). However, rewards presented contextually before a block of trials did not improve WM performance in patients with SCZ (d = 0.01). Modeling simulations achieved improved WM precision through strengthened local connections via neuromodulation, or feed-forward inhibition. Taken together, this work demonstrates that patients with SCZ can improve WM performance to short-term, but not longer-term rewards-thus, motivated behaviors may be limited by strength of reward representation. A potential mechanism for transiently improved WM performance may be strengthening of local fronto-parietal microcircuit connections via neuromodulation or feed-forward inhibitory drive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reward ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Spatial Memory/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3127-6
    ISSN 1939-1846 ; 0021-843X ; 0096-851X ; 0145-2339 ; 0145-2347
    ISSN (online) 1939-1846
    ISSN 0021-843X ; 0096-851X ; 0145-2339 ; 0145-2347
    DOI 10.1037/abn0000369
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