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Article ; Online: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient: An early marker to predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Zhao, Baoxi / Si, Mingqiang / Hu, Zhonghua / Jiang, Junsheng

2024 Volume 103, Issue 14, Page(s) e37670

Abstract: To study the clinical significance of alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (PA-aO2) for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A prospective study was carried out from January 2020 to June 2023, Overall, 100 patients were included in the study, ... ...

Abstract	To study the clinical significance of alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (PA-aO2) for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A prospective study was carried out from January 2020 to June 2023, Overall, 100 patients were included in the study, 35 had severe pneumonia, whereas, 65 had non-severe pneumonia. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected at the time of hospital admission and during hospitalization. Patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups. PA-aO2 was significantly higher among children with severe pneumonia, as determined by WHO, PRESS (P < .001). PA-aO2 was significantly higher among children with mechanical ventilation, shock, sepsis, and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for PA-aO2 showed that the area under the curve was 0.76 (P value < .05), with a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 67.9%. Our study suggests that PA-aO2 level has a predictive value for detecting community-acquired pneumonia severity in children.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Pneumonia/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000037670
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Article ; Online: BPJDet: Extended Object Representation for Generic Body-Part Joint Detection.

Zhou, Huayi / Jiang, Fei / Si, Jiaxin / Ding, Yue / Lu, Hongtao

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence

2024 Volume PP

Abstract: Detection of human body and its parts has been intensively studied. However, most of CNNs-based detectors are trained independently, making it difficult to associate detected parts with body. In this paper, we focus on the joint detection of human body ... ...

Abstract	Detection of human body and its parts has been intensively studied. However, most of CNNs-based detectors are trained independently, making it difficult to associate detected parts with body. In this paper, we focus on the joint detection of human body and its parts. Specifically, we propose a novel extended object representation integrating center-offsets of body parts, and construct an end-to-end generic Body-Part Joint Detector (BPJDet). In this way, body-part associations are neatly embedded in a unified representation containing both semantic and geometric contents. Therefore, we can optimize multi-loss to tackle multi-tasks synergistically. Moreover, this representation is suitable for anchor-based and anchor-free detectors. BPJDet does not suffer from error-prone post matching, and keeps a better trade-off between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, BPJDet can be generalized to detect body-part or body-parts of either human or quadruped animals. To verify the superiority of BPJDet, we conduct experiments on datasets of body-part (CityPersons, CrowdHuman and BodyHands) and body-parts (COCOHumanParts and Animals5C). While keeping high detection accuracy, BPJDet achieves state-of-the-art association performance on all datasets. Besides, we show benefits of advanced body-part association capability by improving performance of two representative downstream applications: accurate crowd head detection and hand contact estimation. Project is available in https://hnuzhy.github.io/projects/BPJDet.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1939-3539
ISSN (online)	1939-3539
DOI	10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3354962
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Article ; Online: Effect of tempo on the age-related changes in temporal expectation driven by rhythms.

Xu, Zhihan / Si, Wenying / Ren, Yanna / Jiang, Yuqing / Guo, Ting

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0297368

Abstract: Temporal expectation refers to the capacity to allocate resources at a particular point in time, enabling us to enhance our behavior performance. Empirical evidence indicates that, among younger adults, temporal expectation can be driven by rhythm (i.e., ...

Abstract	Temporal expectation refers to the capacity to allocate resources at a particular point in time, enabling us to enhance our behavior performance. Empirical evidence indicates that, among younger adults, temporal expectation can be driven by rhythm (i.e., regular sequences of stimuli). However, whether there are age-related changes in rhythm-based temporal expectation has not been clearly established. Furthermore, whether tempo can influence the relationship between rhythm-based temporal expectation and aging remains unexplored. To address these questions, both younger and older participants took part in a rhythm-based temporal expectation task, engaging three distinct tempos: 600 ms (fast), 1800 ms (moderate), or 3000 ms (slow). The results demonstrated that temporal expectation effects (i.e., participants exhibited significantly faster responses during the regular trials compared to the irregular trials) were observed in both the younger and older participants under the moderate tempo condition. However, in the fast and slow tempo conditions, the temporal expectation effects were solely observed in the younger participants. These findings revealed that rhythm-based temporal expectations can be preserved during aging but within a specific tempo range. When the tempo falls within the range of either being too fast or too slow, it can manifest age-related declines in temporal expectations driven by rhythms.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Motivation ; Time Factors ; Aging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0297368
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Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence performance in detecting lymphoma from medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bai, Anying / Si, Mingyu / Xue, Peng / Qu, Yimin / Jiang, Yu

BMC medical informatics and decision making

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Background: Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are essential in the fight against lymphatic cancer. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical imaging shows great potential, but the diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are essential in the fight against lymphatic cancer. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical imaging shows great potential, but the diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma is unclear. This study was done to systematically review and meta-analyse researches concerning the diagnostic performance of AI in detecting lymphoma using medical imaging for the first time. Methods: Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, IEEE and Cochrane up to December 2023. Data extraction and assessment of the included study quality were independently conducted by two investigators. Studies that reported the diagnostic performance of an AI model/s for the early detection of lymphoma using medical imaging were included in the systemic review. We extracted the binary diagnostic accuracy data to obtain the outcomes of interest: sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and Area Under the Curve (AUC). The study was registered with the PROSPERO, CRD42022383386. Results: Thirty studies were included in the systematic review, sixteen of which were meta-analyzed with a pooled sensitivity of 87% (95%CI 83-91%), specificity of 94% (92-96%), and AUC of 97% (95-98%). Satisfactory diagnostic performance was observed in subgroup analyses based on algorithms types (machine learning versus deep learning, and whether transfer learning was applied), sample size (≤ 200 or > 200), clinicians versus AI models and geographical distribution of institutions (Asia versus non-Asia). Conclusions: Even if possible overestimation and further studies with a better standards for application of AI algorithms in lymphoma detection are needed, we suggest the AI may be useful in lymphoma diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms ; Machine Learning ; Area Under Curve
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2046490-3
ISSN	1472-6947 ; 1472-6947
ISSN (online)	1472-6947
ISSN	1472-6947
DOI	10.1186/s12911-023-02397-9
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Article ; Online: Identification of a Clinical Spirometra mansoni Plerocercoid Isolate Using Molecular and Morphological Data.

Ru, Si Si / Cheng, Chi / Jiang, Peng / Zhang, Xi

Acta parasitologica

2024

Abstract: Sparganosis has been a neglected parasitic zoonosis for a long time. The accurate identification of Spirometra tapeworms in clinical practice is poorly understood. A case of breast sparganosis was reported in Henan Province of central China. One ... ...

Abstract	Sparganosis has been a neglected parasitic zoonosis for a long time. The accurate identification of Spirometra tapeworms in clinical practice is poorly understood. A case of breast sparganosis was reported in Henan Province of central China. One plerocercoid approximately 3.5 cm in length was collected from the patient. The clinical isolate was identified as Spirometra mansoni based on the barcoding sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Finally, the epidemiology of sparganosis in central China was reviewed. Comprehensive public health education should be carried out, and the risky habit of eating live tadpoles must be discouraged in Henan Province.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1132735-2
ISSN	1896-1851 ; 0065-1478 ; 1230-2821
ISSN (online)	1896-1851
ISSN	0065-1478 ; 1230-2821
DOI	10.1007/s11686-024-00836-9
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Article ; Online: Effect of Insurance Subsidies on Agricultural Land-Use.

Si, Chengyu / Li, Yanru / Jiang, Wei

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 2

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of crop insurance-subsidies on agricultural land-use allocation. Since the objective of crop insurance is to help farmers with risk management, the expected profit from crop production under crop insurance might be ... ...

Abstract	This paper investigates the effect of crop insurance-subsidies on agricultural land-use allocation. Since the objective of crop insurance is to help farmers with risk management, the expected profit from crop production under crop insurance might be improved, leading farmers to allocate more land to crop production. In this paper, agricultural land-use type is classified by irrigated/unirrigated farmland and cropland/woodland/pastureland. The data come from counties from all the continental states. Considering the fractional outcome of land-use share, we apply a multinomial-fractional-logit model to estimate the effects. The results show that insurance subsidies have a significant effect on land-use allocation. An increase in insurance subsidies increases farmland-share, indicating insurance subsidies could be an efficient tool to adjust agricultural land-use allocation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Agriculture/methods ; Farms ; Farmers ; Crop Production ; Insurance
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20021493
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Article ; Online: Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.

Si, Qingying / Wu, Linlin / Pang, Deshui / Jiang, Pei

MedComm

2023 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e287

Abstract: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and ... ...

Abstract	Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells' origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the "fingerprint" of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell-free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-11
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2688-2663
ISSN (online)	2688-2663
DOI	10.1002/mco2.287
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Article ; Online: Induced abortions among Chinese adolescent girls.

Wang, Tian / Si, Lei / Jiang, Quanbao

BMC women's health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 597

Abstract: Background: Induced abortion among adolescent girls is a global public health issue and a serious challenge in China, but still remains under-examined. We aimed to examine the overall trend and characteristics of induced abortions among Chinese ... ...

Abstract	Background: Induced abortion among adolescent girls is a global public health issue and a serious challenge in China, but still remains under-examined. We aimed to examine the overall trend and characteristics of induced abortions among Chinese adolescent girls and to investigate the factors associated with induced abortion. Study design: Based on the 2017 China Fertility Survey, this study examined the trend and characteristics of induced abortions among adolescent girls with statistical analysis and multiple indicators of descriptive statistics from period and cohort perspectives, including induced abortion proportion and rate, age-specific cumulative proportion, and age-specific cumulative number of induced abortions in adolescent girls. Results: Between 1996 and 2016, the proportion and rate of adolescent induced abortions first increased and then decreased, and the mean age at the time of induced abortions among adolescent girls declined. The cumulative proportion of women who had experienced induced abortion at the age of 15-19 in a cohort is less than 2.5% but shows an upward trend. Over 70% of all adolescent induced abortions are premarital. The proportion of women with unintended pregnancy experiences increased and is higher among rural, less educated, and ethnic minority women. Similarly, the prevalence of induced abortion is higher among adolescent girls who live in rural areas, are less educated, and come from ethnic minorities. The cumulative number of induced abortions and premarital abortions increased with later cohorts. Conclusions: This study shows an upward trend in adolescent-induced abortion and a decline in the age at the time of the induced abortion. Women in later birth cohort have a higher proportion of having experienced adolescent induced abortion. Adolescent girls who live in rural areas, who are less educated, or who are from ethnic minorities, are more likely to undergo induced abortions at the age of 15-19. More appropriate educational efforts and interventions are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of adolescent induced abortions.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; East Asian People ; Ethnicity ; Minority Groups ; Abortion, Induced ; Fertility ; Abortion, Legal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050444-5
ISSN	1472-6874 ; 1472-6874
ISSN (online)	1472-6874
ISSN	1472-6874
DOI	10.1186/s12905-023-02754-w
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Article ; Online: Network Pharmacology and Integrated Molecular Docking Study on the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Effect of Fangfeng Decoction in Osteoarthritis.

Wang, Wenqiao / Li, Min / Si, Hongzong / Jiang, Zehui

Current pharmaceutical design

2023 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 379–392

Abstract: Background: At present, there are no effective pharmacologic therapies for attenuating the course of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans and current therapies are geared to mitigating symptoms. Fangfeng decoction (FFD) is a traditional Chinese medicine ... ...

Abstract	Background: At present, there are no effective pharmacologic therapies for attenuating the course of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans and current therapies are geared to mitigating symptoms. Fangfeng decoction (FFD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed for the treatment of OA. In the past, FFD has achieved positive clinical outcomes in alleviating the symptoms of OA in China. However, its mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate and explore the mechanism of FFD and how the compound interacts with the target of OA; network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were applied in this study. Methods: The active components of FFD were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database according to the inclusion criteria as oral bioactivity (OB) ≥ 30% and drug likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18. Then, gene name conversion was performed through the UniProt website. The related target genes of OA were obtained from the Genecards database. Core components, targets, and signaling pathways were obtained through compound-target-pathway (C-T-P) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were built using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. Matescape database was utilized to get gene ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of gene targets. The interactions of key targets and components were analyzed by molecular docking in Sybyl 2.1 software. Results: A total of 166 potential effective components, 148 FFD-related targets, and 3786 OA-related targets were obtained. Finally, 89 common potential target genes were confirmed. Pathway enrichment results showed that HIF-1 and CAMP signaling pathways were considered key pathways. The screening of core components and targets was achieved through the CTP network. The core targets and active components were obtained according to the CTP network. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin, medicarpin, and wogonin of FFD could bind to NOS2, PTGS2, and AR, respectively. Conclusion: FFD is effective in the treatment of OA. It may be caused by the effective binding of the relevant active components of FFD to the targets of OA.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Apiaceae ; China ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional
Chemical Substances	Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612829666230216095659
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Article ; Online: Patient Welfare Implications of Indication-Specific Value-Based Pricing of Multi-Indication Drugs.

Jiang, Yawen / Li, Meng / Jiang, Shan / Si, Lei / Gu, Yuanyuan

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

2023 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 273–277

Abstract: Objectives: Indication-specific value-based pricing (ISVBP) is a mechanism that allows the prices of multi-indication drugs to vary across indications by aligning the drug prices with value. However, the overall impact of ISVBP on patients across ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Indication-specific value-based pricing (ISVBP) is a mechanism that allows the prices of multi-indication drugs to vary across indications by aligning the drug prices with value. However, the overall impact of ISVBP on patients across indications is uncertain. This study examines the theoretical welfare effects of ISVBP for multi-indication drugs and compares consumer surplus under ISVBP and single pricing, the latter of which is based on the weighted average value. Methods: We considered a healthcare system with government-negotiated drug prices based on the value of drugs. We assumed a drug with 2 indications and 1 relevant comparator for each indication. The value of the drug was uniformly distributed among the patients of each indication in the base case. We also considered alternative scenarios with exponentially and Pareto distributed drug values. Numerical simulations were conducted to explore potential settings where ISVBP was welfare-improving for patients compared with single pricing. Results: The theoretical analysis showed that the consumer surplus change was strictly non-positive from single pricing to ISVBP. Therefore, it was not welfare-improving for patients in the settings of interest. Numerical simulations confirmed this result across various scenarios of value distributions. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the patient welfare implications of ISVBP for multi-indication drugs. We did not identify conditions under which ISVBP can enhance overall patient well-being, suggesting that it should be implemented cautiously. Future research should examine dynamic welfare implications related to innovation incentives because they may significantly affect population health in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drug Costs ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Social Welfare ; Uncertainty
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471745-1
ISSN	1524-4733 ; 1098-3015
ISSN (online)	1524-4733
ISSN	1098-3015
DOI	10.1016/j.jval.2023.11.008
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