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Article: Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome Moderates the Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus and Symptoms of Coronavirus-Specific Health Anxiety.

Kowalski, Joachim / Gawęda, Łukasz

International journal of cognitive therapy

2022 , Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: This study was aimed at exploring the possible roles of the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) and metacognitive beliefs in moderating the relationships between fear of coronavirus during the pandemic and health anxiety. Because some symptoms of health ...

Abstract	This study was aimed at exploring the possible roles of the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) and metacognitive beliefs in moderating the relationships between fear of coronavirus during the pandemic and health anxiety. Because some symptoms of health anxiety may overlap with symptoms of other anxiety disorders, we also tried to ascertain whether our hypothesized relations would be maintained when taking other anxiety disorder symptoms into account. We hypothesized that CAS strategies and meta-beliefs would play a role in the progression from fears of the coronavirus to coronavirus health anxiety. The method done was a cross-sectional study with
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2444531-9
ISSN	1937-1217 ; 1937-1209
ISSN (online)	1937-1217
ISSN	1937-1209
DOI	10.1007/s41811-022-00147-9
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Article ; Online: Visual worry in patients with schizophrenia.

Kowalski, Joachim / Styła, Rafał

Journal of psychiatric research

2022 Volume 153, Page(s) 116–124

Abstract: Objective: Worrying is a pervasive transdiagnostic symptom in schizophrenia. It is most often associated in the literature with verbal modality due to many studies of its presence in generalised anxiety disorder. The current study aimed to elucidate ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Worrying is a pervasive transdiagnostic symptom in schizophrenia. It is most often associated in the literature with verbal modality due to many studies of its presence in generalised anxiety disorder. The current study aimed to elucidate worry in different sensory modalities, visual and verbal, in individuals with schizophrenia. Method: We tested persons with schizophrenia (n = 92) and healthy controls (n = 138) in a cross-sectional design. We used questionnaires of visual and verbal worry (original Worry Modality Questionnaire), trait worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and general psychopathology symptoms (General Functioning Questionnaire-58 and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale). Results: Both visual and verbal worry were associated with psychotic, anxiety and general symptoms of psychopathology in both groups with medium to large effect sizes. Regression analyses indicated that visual worry was a single significant predictor of positive psychotic symptoms in a model with verbal and trait worry, both in clinical and control groups (β's of 0.49 and 0.38, respectively). Visual worry was also a superior predictor of anxiety and general psychopathology severity (β's of 0.34 and 0.37, respectively) than verbal worry (β's of 0.03 and -0.02, respectively), under control of trait worry, in the schizophrenia group. We also proposed two indices of worry modality dominance and analysed profiles of dominating worry modality in both groups. Conclusions: Our study is the first to demonstrate that visual worry might be of specific importance for understanding psychotic and general psychopathology symptoms in persons with schizophrenia.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Schizophrenia/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.007
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Article ; Online: 'Thinking about Them is only making me feel worse'. The mediating role of metacognitive factors in the relationship between paranoia-like beliefs and psychopathology symptoms in a community sample.

Kowalski, Joachim / Gawęda, Łukasz

Schizophrenia research

2022 Volume 244, Page(s) 84–90

Abstract: Introduction: Paranoia in community samples is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety symptoms and suicidality. The metacognitive model assumes the role of metacognitive factors in these associations. Positive and negative metacognitive ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Paranoia in community samples is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety symptoms and suicidality. The metacognitive model assumes the role of metacognitive factors in these associations. Positive and negative metacognitive beliefs (PMB and NMB, respectively) and cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) are to mediate between paranoia-like beliefs and psychopathology symptoms. The current study is an attempt to test this prediction. Methods: A cross-sectional community study with n = 840 participants. We used R-GPTS's persecutory subscale to measure paranoia-like beliefs, CAS-1 for CAS and metacognitive beliefs and SCL-27-plus for psychopathology symptoms. Results: Indirect effects of PMB, CAS and NMB accounted for 22% to 56% (CI 95%) of total effects of relationships between paranoia-like beliefs and vegetative symptoms, symptoms of social phobia, agoraphobia, depression and suicidality screening. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PMB, CAS and NMB mediate between paranoia-like beliefs and various psychopathological symptoms, as predicted by the metacognitive model of psychopathology. We also uncovered other indirect effects, including negative mediation effect of PMB on the relationship between paranoia-like beliefs and depressive symptoms and suicidality.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emotions ; Humans ; Metacognition ; Paranoid Disorders/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.014
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Article ; Online: Mediating role of metacognitive beliefs and cognitive-attentional syndrome in the relationship between persecutory and coronavirus conspiracy beliefs in a community sample.

Kowalski, Joachim / Gawęda, Łukasz

Schizophrenia research

2021 Volume 237, Page(s) 29–30

MeSH term(s)	Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Metacognition ; Paranoid Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2021.08.024
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Article ; Online: A review of selected psychotherapies for PTSD, their efficacy and treatment guidelines in adults.

Kowalski, Joachim / Elżanowski, Adam / Śliwerski, Andrzej

Psychiatria polska

2023 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: Aim: Around 2.5% of Poles will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during their lifetime. Recent events, i.e. the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, are the factors that will increase the number of people dealing with PTSD. Owing to that, this ... ...

Title translation	Przegląd wybranych psychoterapii PTSD, ich skuteczności i zaleceń terapeutycznych w terapii osób dorosłych.
Abstract	Aim: Around 2.5% of Poles will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during their lifetime. Recent events, i.e. the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, are the factors that will increase the number of people dealing with PTSD. Owing to that, this paper aims to review and familiarise readers with the available scientific evidence on psychotherapies of PTSD provided in Poland. Material and methods: A review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and a review of the most recent treatment guidelines concerning PTSD. Results: The best available evidence points to high efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with prolonged exposure and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Humanistic therapy also proves effective to a certain degree, but not as effective as therapies that use exposure to stimuli and memories associated with trauma. There is no evidence of the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy and methods based on polyvagal theory. Organisations preparing guidelines recommend primarily CBT and EMDR. Conclusions: Efficacious treatment of PTSD should include a protocol with a component of exposure to trauma-related memories and stimuli. It is recommended to use such therapies in the psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD.
Language	Polish
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	415518-x
ISSN	2391-5854 ; 0033-2674
ISSN (online)	2391-5854
ISSN	0033-2674
DOI	10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/157105
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Article ; Online: A systematic review of performance-based assessment studies on cognitive biases in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states: A summary of 40 years of research.

Gawęda, Łukasz / Kowalski, Joachim / Aleksandrowicz, Adrianna / Bagrowska, Paulina / Dąbkowska, Małgorzata / Pionke-Ubych, Renata

Clinical psychology review

2024 Volume 108, Page(s) 102391

Abstract: Cognitive models of psychosis have stimulated empirical studies on cognitive biases involved in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and their symptoms. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies on the role of cognitive biases as assessed in ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive models of psychosis have stimulated empirical studies on cognitive biases involved in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and their symptoms. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies on the role of cognitive biases as assessed in different performance-based tasks in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states. We focused on five cognitive biases linked to psychosis, i.e., aberrant salience, attentional biases, source monitoring biases, jumping to conclusions, and bias against disconfirmatory evidence. We identified N = 324 studies published in N = 308 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria. Most studies have been cross-sectional and confirmed that the schizophrenia spectrum psychoses are related to exaggerated cognitive biases compared to healthy controls. On the contrary, less evidence suggests a higher tendency for cognitive biases in the UHR sample. The only exceptions were source monitoring and jumping to conclusions, which were confirmed to be exaggerated in both clinical groups. Hallucinations and delusions were the most frequent symptoms studied in the context of cognitive biases. Based on the findings, we presented a hypothetical model on the role of interactions between cognitive biases or additive effects of biases in shaping the risk of psychosis. Future research is warranted for further development of cognitive models for psychosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Cognition ; Bias
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604577-7
ISSN	1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
ISSN (online)	1873-7811
ISSN	0272-7358
DOI	10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102391
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Article ; Online: Persecutory beliefs predict adherence to epidemiological safety guidelines over time - a longitudinal study.

Kowalski, Joachim / Gawęda, Łukasz

Psychological medicine

2020 Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 1393–1394

MeSH term(s)	Delusions ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Longitudinal Studies ; Paranoid Disorders
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291720002792
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Article ; Online: Cognitive correlates of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Aleksandrowicz, Adrianna / Kowalski, Joachim / Stefaniak, Izabela / Elert, Katarzyna / Gawęda, Łukasz

Psychiatry research

2023 Volume 327, Page(s) 115372

Abstract: Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are one of the central symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Current cognitive models of AH implicate source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control. However, research combining these processes ... ...

Abstract	Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are one of the central symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Current cognitive models of AH implicate source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control. However, research combining these processes is limited. Our study aimed to examine how source monitoring bias, top-down processes, and inhibitory control contribute to AHs in individuals with SSD. Eighty seven patients (aged 18-45 years) with SSD were included in the analyses. Participants completed cognitive tasks assessing source monitoring (Action Memory Task), top-down processes (False Perception Task; FPT), and inhibitory control (Auditory Go/NoGo task). AH was positively associated with response bias on the FPT. Correlations between AH and the other cognitive tasks were nonsignificant. Source monitoring errors correlated positively with response bias measures and negatively with Hits on the FPT. PANSS total score was positively correlated with source monitoring bias and False Alarms on the Go/NoGo task. The severity of disorganized symptoms was related to Source Monitoring Errors and False Alarms in the Go/NoGo task. Negative symptoms were associated with Hits and False Alarms in the Go/NoGo task. Future studies are necessary to further elucidate the relationships between different cognitive processes that may be related to clinical symptoms of psychosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Synaptic Transmission ; Hallucinations/etiology ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115372
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Article ; Online: Brain structural correlates of cognitive-attentional syndrome - a Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.

Kowalski, Joachim / Wypych, Marek / Marchewka, Artur / Dragan, Małgorzata

Brain imaging and behavior

2022 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 1914–1918

Abstract: Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is in the self-regulatory executive function model a set of cognitive and behavioural strategies aimed at regulating cognition and emotion originating from maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Investigating the brain ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is in the self-regulatory executive function model a set of cognitive and behavioural strategies aimed at regulating cognition and emotion originating from maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Investigating the brain structure of people with high levels of CAS enables a better understanding of the syndrome and bridging between the metacognitive model of psychopathology and previous results on structural abnormalities in various psychological disorders. Participants with high (n=40) and low levels of CAS (n=44) underwent structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging session. Voxel-Based Morphometry analytical approach was used to compute grey matter volume (GMV) differences between the groups. The group with a high level of CAS had lower GMV in the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex. Our results are in line with the self-regulatory executive function model of psychopathology, showing a link between CAS and lowered GMV in the brain region associated with the regulation of cognition and emotion. They are also in agreement with meta-analytical results on structural correlates of various psychological disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Metacognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2377165-3
ISSN	1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
ISSN (online)	1931-7565
ISSN	1931-7557
DOI	10.1007/s11682-022-00649-2
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Article ; Online: Neural functional connectivity during rumination in individuals with adverse childhood experiences.

Sokołowski, Andrzej / Kowalski, Joachim / Dragan, Małgorzata

European journal of psychotraumatology

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2057700

Abstract: Background: Childhood adversity has been associated with greater risk of developing psychopathology, altered processing of emotional stimuli, and changes in neural functioning. Although the neural correlates of rumination have been previously described, ...

Abstract	Background: Childhood adversity has been associated with greater risk of developing psychopathology, altered processing of emotional stimuli, and changes in neural functioning. Although the neural correlates of rumination have been previously described, little is known about how adverse childhood experiences are related to brain functioning during rumination. Objective: This study explored differences in neural functional connectivity between participants with and without histories of childhood adversity, controlling for tendency to ruminate, during resting-state and induction of rumination. Method: A total of 86 adults (51 women) took part. Based on a diagnostic clinical interview, participants were divided into groups with and without adverse childhood experiences. All participants underwent resting-state imaging and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they performed a rumination induction task. Results: Individuals with childhood adversities differed from those without adverse experiences in seed-based functional connectivity from right angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus during the rumination task. There were also group differences during resting-state in seed-based functional connectivity from the right angular gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: Childhood adversity is associated with altered brain functioning during rumination and resting-state, even after controlling for tendency to ruminate. Our results shed light on the consequences of early adversity. People who experienced childhood adversities differ from those with no adverse experiences in brain functional connectivity when engaged in negative repetitive self-referential thinking.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pessimism
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2586642-4
ISSN	2000-8066 ; 2000-8066
ISSN (online)	2000-8066
ISSN	2000-8066
DOI	10.1080/20008198.2022.2057700
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