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  1. Article ; Online: Author's reply to comments from the International Sweeteners Association (ISA) in response to "Revisiting the safety of aspartame" by Arbind Kumar Choudhary and Etheresia Pretorius Nutrition Reviews 2017;75:718-730.

    Kumar Choudhary, Arbind / Pretorius, Etheresia

    Nutrition reviews

    2018  Volume 76, Issue 11, Page(s) 859

    MeSH term(s) Aspartame ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Saccharin ; Sweetening Agents
    Chemical Substances Sweetening Agents ; Saccharin (FST467XS7D) ; Aspartame (Z0H242BBR1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 82067-2
    ISSN 1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
    ISSN (online) 1753-4887
    ISSN 0029-6643
    DOI 10.1093/nutrit/nuy050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3388: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Platelets in HIV: A Guardian of Host Defence or Transient Reservoir of the Virus?

    Pretorius, Etheresia

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 649465

    Abstract: The immune and inflammatory responses of platelets to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and its envelope proteins are of great significance to both the treatment of the infection, and to the comorbidities related to systemic inflammation. Platelets ... ...

    Abstract The immune and inflammatory responses of platelets to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and its envelope proteins are of great significance to both the treatment of the infection, and to the comorbidities related to systemic inflammation. Platelets can interact with the HIV-1 virus itself, or with viral membrane proteins, or with dysregulated inflammatory molecules in circulation, ensuing from HIV-1 infection. Platelets can facilitate the inhibition of HIV-1 infection
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Platelets/drug effects ; Blood Platelets/immunology ; Blood Platelets/virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Communication/drug effects ; Cell Communication/immunology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; HIV Infections/blood ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1/immunology ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation/immunology ; Thrombocytopenia/blood ; Thrombocytopenia/immunology ; Thrombocytopenia/virology ; Thrombosis/blood ; Thrombosis/immunology ; Thrombosis/virology ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication/immunology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649465
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Fibrinaloid Microclots and Atrial Fibrillation.

    Kell, Douglas B / Lip, Gregory Y H / Pretorius, Etheresia

    Biomedicines

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a comorbidity of a variety of other chronic, inflammatory diseases for which fibrinaloid microclots are a known accompaniment (and in some cases, a cause, with a mechanistic basis). Clots are, of course, a well- ... ...

    Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a comorbidity of a variety of other chronic, inflammatory diseases for which fibrinaloid microclots are a known accompaniment (and in some cases, a cause, with a mechanistic basis). Clots are, of course, a well-known
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines12040891
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  4. Article ; Online: A Perspective on How Fibrinaloid Microclots and Platelet Pathology May be Applied in Clinical Investigations.

    Pretorius, Etheresia / Kell, Douglas B

    Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis

    2023  

    Abstract: Microscopy imaging has enabled us to establish the presence of fibrin(ogen) amyloid (fibrinaloid) microclots in a range of chronic, inflammatory diseases. Microclots may also be induced by a variety of purified substances, often at very low ... ...

    Abstract Microscopy imaging has enabled us to establish the presence of fibrin(ogen) amyloid (fibrinaloid) microclots in a range of chronic, inflammatory diseases. Microclots may also be induced by a variety of purified substances, often at very low concentrations. These molecules include bacterial inflammagens, serum amyloid A, and the S1 spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we explore which of the properties of these microclots might be used to contribute to differential clinical diagnoses and prognoses of the various diseases with which they may be associated. Such properties include distributions in their size and number before and after the addition of exogenous thrombin, their spectral properties, the diameter of the fibers of which they are made, their resistance to proteolysis by various proteases, their cross-seeding ability, and the concentration dependence of their ability to bind small molecules including fluorogenic amyloid stains. Measuring these microclot parameters, together with microscopy imaging itself, along with methodologies like proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, as well as more conventional assays such as those for cytokines, might open up the possibility of a much finer use of these microclot properties in generative methods for a future where personalized medicine will be standard procedures in all clotting pathology disease diagnoses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 196901-8
    ISSN 1098-9064 ; 0094-6176
    ISSN (online) 1098-9064
    ISSN 0094-6176
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1774796
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1259: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Editorial: The immunological role of platelet activation in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.

    Rossouw, Theresa Marie / Pretorius, Etheresia / Wool, Geoffrey D

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1285355

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Platelet Activation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285355
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Are fibrinaloid microclots a cause of autoimmunity in Long Covid and other post-infection diseases?

    Kell, Douglas B / Pretorius, Etheresia

    The Biochemical journal

    2023  Volume 480, Issue 15, Page(s) 1217–1240

    Abstract: It is now well established that the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen can polymerise into an anomalous form of fibrin that is amyloid in character; the resultant clots and microclots entrap many other molecules, stain with fluorogenic amyloid stains, are ...

    Abstract It is now well established that the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen can polymerise into an anomalous form of fibrin that is amyloid in character; the resultant clots and microclots entrap many other molecules, stain with fluorogenic amyloid stains, are rather resistant to fibrinolysis, can block up microcapillaries, are implicated in a variety of diseases including Long COVID, and have been referred to as fibrinaloids. A necessary corollary of this anomalous polymerisation is the generation of novel epitopes in proteins that would normally be seen as 'self', and otherwise immunologically silent. The precise conformation of the resulting fibrinaloid clots (that, as with prions and classical amyloid proteins, can adopt multiple, stable conformations) must depend on the existing small molecules and metal ions that the fibrinogen may (and is some cases is known to) have bound before polymerisation. Any such novel epitopes, however, are likely to lead to the generation of autoantibodies. A convergent phenomenology, including distinct conformations and seeding of the anomalous form for initiation and propagation, is emerging to link knowledge in prions, prionoids, amyloids and now fibrinaloids. We here summarise the evidence for the above reasoning, which has substantial implications for our understanding of the genesis of autoimmunity (and the possible prevention thereof) based on the primary process of fibrinaloid formation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Autoimmunity ; COVID-19 ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Prions ; Thrombosis ; Fibrinogen ; Amyloidogenic Proteins
    Chemical Substances Amyloid ; Prions ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5) ; Amyloidogenic Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    DOI 10.1042/BCJ20230241
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uc I Zs.110: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  7. Article ; Online: Herpesvirus Infection of Endothelial Cells as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

    Nunes, Jean M / Kell, Douglas B / Pretorius, Etheresia

    Viruses

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4

    Abstract: Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ME/CFS symptomatology. We review evidence linking herpesviruses to persistent EC infection and the implications for endothelial dysfunction, encompassing blood flow regulation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment-symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and Long COVID. This paper provides a synthesis of current research on herpesvirus latency and reactivation, detailing the impact on ECs and subsequent systemic complications, including latent modulation and long-term maladaptation. We suggest that the chronicity of ME/CFS symptoms and the multisystemic nature of the disease may be partly attributable to herpesvirus-induced endothelial maladaptation. Our conclusions underscore the necessity for further investigation into the prevalence and load of herpesvirus infection within the ECs of ME/CFS patients. This review offers conceptual advances by proposing an endothelial infection model as a systemic mechanism contributing to ME/CFS, steering future research toward potentially unexplored avenues in understanding and treating this complex syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/virology ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/physiopathology ; Endothelial Cells/virology ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Virus Latency ; Herpesviridae/physiology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v16040572
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Platelets as Potent Signaling Entities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    Pretorius, Etheresia

    Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

    2019  Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 532–545

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased clotting ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased clotting susceptibility. Platelets have fundamental roles in the development and propagation of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. They signal through membrane receptors, resulting in (hyper)activation and release of inflammatory molecules from platelet compartments. This review highlights how circulating inflammatory molecules, acting as platelet receptor ligands, interact with platelets, causing platelets to be potent drivers of systemic inflammation. We conclude by suggesting that focused platelet research in T2DM is an important avenue to pursue to identify novel therapeutic targets, and that platelets could be used as cellular activity sensors themselves.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Blood Platelets/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/physiology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1042384-9
    ISSN 1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
    ISSN (online) 1879-3061
    ISSN 1043-2760
    DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2999: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

    Kell, Douglas B / Pretorius, Etheresia

    The Biochemical journal

    2022  Volume 479, Issue 16, Page(s) 1653–1708

    Abstract: Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements of the ...

    Abstract Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
    MeSH term(s) Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy ; COVID-19/complications ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/metabolism ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reperfusion Injury/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    DOI 10.1042/BCJ20220154
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uc I Zs.110: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  10. Article ; Online: Uncertainties about the roles of anticoagulation and microclots in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: comment from Kell et al.

    Kell, Douglas B / Khan, M Asad / Laubscher, Gert Jacobus / Pretorius, Etheresia

    Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH

    2023  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 565–568

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Blood Coagulation ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2112661-6
    ISSN 1538-7836 ; 1538-7933
    ISSN (online) 1538-7836
    ISSN 1538-7933
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.MO 295: Show issues

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