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Article ; Online: Hearing Loss and Dementia: Where to From Here?

Dawes, Piers / Munro, Kevin J

2024 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 529–536

Abstract: Victorian era psychologists were the first to comment on associations between sensory and cognitive function. More recently, hearing loss has been shown as a marker of risk for dementia. However, it is not known whether this association represents a ... ...

Abstract	Victorian era psychologists were the first to comment on associations between sensory and cognitive function. More recently, hearing loss has been shown as a marker of risk for dementia. However, it is not known whether this association represents a causal impact of hearing loss, nor whether treating hearing loss may help prevent dementia. Most studies on relationships between hearing loss and cognitive outcomes are observational, are at risk of confounding, and cannot reach conclusions about causation. A recent high quality randomized controlled trial, relatively uncommon in audiology, reported no impact of a comprehensive hearing intervention in mitigating cognitive decline in older adults. Although secondary analysis revealed potential benefits in a sub-sample of adults, this finding may be spurious. Encouraging policymakers, patients, and other health care practitioners to address hearing loss in terms of dementia prevention may be inappropriate on the grounds of both relevance at individual level and lack of clear evidence of benefit. In addition, advocating need to address hearing loss in terms of mitigating dementia risk may reduce the importance of addressing hearing loss in its own right. Linking hearing loss to dementia risk may also exacerbate the stigma of hearing loss, inadvertently discouraging people from seeking help for hearing. We suggest that treating hearing loss may have important benefits in preventing or delaying diagnosis of dementia via improving orientation and functioning in daily life, without changing the underlying pathology. Rather than linking hearing loss to dementia risk, we suggest a positive message focusing on the known benefits of addressing hearing loss in terms of improved communication, quality of life, and healthy aging.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Deafness/complications ; Dementia/complications ; Dementia/psychology ; Hearing Loss/complications ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Observational Studies as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603093-2
ISSN	1538-4667 ; 0196-0202
ISSN (online)	1538-4667
ISSN	0196-0202
DOI	10.1097/AUD.0000000000001494
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Article ; Online: Can the capabilities, opportunities and motivations model predict health behavior 1 year later?

Armitage, Christopher J / Munro, Kevin J

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association

2023 Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 270–275

Abstract: Objective: The capabilities (C), opportunities (O) and motivations (M) model of behavior (B) change (COM-B) is designed to capture the key features of numerous models of behavior change, but little is known about its predictive validity. The present ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The capabilities (C), opportunities (O) and motivations (M) model of behavior (B) change (COM-B) is designed to capture the key features of numerous models of behavior change, but little is known about its predictive validity. The present study tests the predictive validity of COM-B prospectively in the domain of attending hearing screening. Method: 6,000 adults, representative of the U.K. population (e.g., 52.6% women) who one year earlier had reported COM with respect to attending hearing screening, were contacted again to complete an online survey with respect to their actual attendance. Data were analyzed descriptively, and with logistic regression to examine the influence of sociodemographic variables and COM on attendance at hearing screening. Results: Respondents reported being highly capable of attending hearing screening (Ms > 7.98 on a 0-10 scale), but much lower levels of automatic (M = 4.21 on a 0-10 scale) and reflective (M = 5.21 on a 0-10 scale) motivations. Logistic regression analyses showed that men and older people were more likely to have their hearing checked but that hearing difficulty was the dominant determinant of attending hearing screening. Controlling for these sociodemographic and clinical variables, opportunities and motivations (but not capabilities) were also significantly associated with behavior. Conclusions: The COM-B model was predictive of attending hearing screening over a one-year period, which potentially makes it valuable for understanding health behavior change. Interventions for improving uptake in hearing screening that goes beyond increasing knowledge and skills (capabilities) are required to increase attendance at hearing screening. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Motivation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Health Behavior ; Logistic Models
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	226369-5
ISSN	1930-7810 ; 0278-6133
ISSN (online)	1930-7810
ISSN	0278-6133
DOI	10.1037/hea0001269
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Zs.B 2908: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Pre-registration of audiology research studies: are actions following good intentions?

Prendergast, Garreth / Sindi, Aala / Munro, Kevin J

International journal of audiology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 226–228

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Audiology ; Intention
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2073098-6
ISSN	1708-8186 ; 1499-2027
ISSN (online)	1708-8186
ISSN	1499-2027
DOI	10.1080/14992027.2023.2171909
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Zs.A 549: Show issues

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Article: Divergent effects of listening demands and evaluative threat on listening effort in online and laboratory settings.

Carolan, Peter J / Heinrich, Antje / Munro, Kevin J / Millman, Rebecca E

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1171873

Abstract: Objective: Listening effort (LE) varies as a function of listening demands, motivation and resource availability, among other things. Motivation is posited to have a greater influence on listening effort under high, compared to low, listening demands.!## ...

Abstract	Objective: Listening effort (LE) varies as a function of listening demands, motivation and resource availability, among other things. Motivation is posited to have a greater influence on listening effort under high, compared to low, listening demands. Methods: To test this prediction, we manipulated the listening demands of a speech recognition task using tone vocoders to create moderate and high listening demand conditions. We manipulated motivation using evaluative threat, i.e., informing participants that they must reach a particular "score" for their results to be usable. Resource availability was assessed by means of working memory span and included as a fixed effects predictor. Outcome measures were indices of LE, including reaction times (RTs), self-rated work and self-rated tiredness, in addition to task performance (correct response rates). Given the recent popularity of online studies, we also wanted to examine the effect of experimental context (online vs. laboratory) on the efficacy of manipulations of listening demands and motivation. We carried out two highly similar experiments with two groups of 37 young adults, a laboratory experiment and an online experiment. To make listening demands comparable between the two studies, vocoder settings had to differ. All results were analysed using linear mixed models. Results: Results showed that under laboratory conditions, listening demands affected all outcomes, with significantly lower correct response rates, slower RTs and greater self-rated work with higher listening demands. In the online study, listening demands only affected RTs. In addition, motivation affected self-rated work. Resource availability was only a significant predictor for RTs in the online study. Discussion: These results show that the influence of motivation and listening demands on LE depends on the type of outcome measures used and the experimental context. It may also depend on the exact vocoder settings. A controlled laboratory settings and/or particular vocoder settings may be necessary to observe all expected effects of listening demands and motivation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1171873
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Article ; Online: Ear wax management in primary care: what the busy GP needs to know.

Munro, Kevin J / Giles, Thomas C / Smith-Howell, Christine / Nazareth, Irwin

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

2023 Volume 73, Issue 727, Page(s) 90–92

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cerumen ; Primary Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1043148-2
ISSN	1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
ISSN (online)	1478-5242
ISSN	0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
DOI	10.3399/bjgp23X732009
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Article ; Online: The NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for sensorineural hearing loss.

Gregory, Grace E / Munro, Kevin J / Couper, Kevin N / Pathmanaban, Omar N / Brough, David

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

2023 Volume 249, Page(s) 109287

Abstract: Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss in adults and occurs due to damage of the inner ear caused by a range of factors including ageing, excessive noise, toxins, and cancer. Auto-inflammatory disease is also a cause of ... ...

Abstract	Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss in adults and occurs due to damage of the inner ear caused by a range of factors including ageing, excessive noise, toxins, and cancer. Auto-inflammatory disease is also a cause of hearing loss and there is evidence that inflammation could contribute to hearing loss in other conditions. Within the inner ear there are resident macrophage cells that respond to insults and whose activation correlates with damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular pro-inflammatory protein complex that forms in activated macrophages and may contribute to hearing loss. The aim of this article is to discuss the evidence for the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated cytokines as potential therapeutic targets for sensorineural hearing loss in conditions ranging from auto-inflammatory disease to tumour-induced hearing loss in vestibular schwannoma.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism ; Ear, Inner/metabolism ; Hearing Loss/complications
Chemical Substances	Inflammasomes ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1459903-x
ISSN	1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
ISSN (online)	1521-7035
ISSN	1521-6616
DOI	10.1016/j.clim.2023.109287
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Zs.A 880: Show issues

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Article ; Online: One year on: an updated systematic review of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms.

Almufarrij, Ibrahim / Munro, Kevin J

International journal of audiology

2021 Volume 60, Issue 12, Page(s) 935–945

Abstract: Objective: The aim was to systematically review the literature to December 2020, in order to provide a timely summary of evidence on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms.: Design: The protocol was registered in the International ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim was to systematically review the literature to December 2020, in order to provide a timely summary of evidence on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms. Design: The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The methods were developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Heath quality assessment tools. Study sample: After rejecting 850 records, 28 case reports/series and 28 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: There are multiple reports of hearing loss (e.g. sudden sensorineural), tinnitus and rotatory vertigo in adults having a wide range of COVID-19 symptom severity. The pooled estimate of prevalence based primarily on retrospective recall of symptoms, was 7.6% (CI: 2.5-15.1), 14.8% (CI: 6.3-26.1) and 7.2% (CI: 0.01-26.4), for hearing loss, tinnitus and rotatory vertigo, respectively. However, these could be an over-estimate because it was not always clear that studies report a change in symptom. Conclusion: There are multiple reports of audio-vestibular symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, there is a dearth of high-quality studies comparing COVID-19 cases and controls. Review registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number CRD42020227038).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vertigo/diagnosis ; Vertigo/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2073098-6
ISSN	1708-8186 ; 1499-2027
ISSN (online)	1708-8186
ISSN	1499-2027
DOI	10.1080/14992027.2021.1896793
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Article ; Online: Acoustic reflexes: should we be paying more attention?

Prendergast, Garreth / Sathe, Tanvi S / Heinrich, Antje / Munro, Kevin J

International journal of audiology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 221–225

Abstract: Objective: The clinical audiology test battery often involves playing physically simple sounds with questionable ecological value to the listener. In this technical report, we revisit how valid this approach is using an automated, involuntary auditory ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The clinical audiology test battery often involves playing physically simple sounds with questionable ecological value to the listener. In this technical report, we revisit how valid this approach is using an automated, involuntary auditory response; the acoustic reflex threshold (ART). Design: The ART was estimated four times in each individual in a quasi-random ordering of task conditions. The baseline condition (referred to as Study sample: Thirty-eight participants (27 males) with a mean age of 23 years were tested. All participants were audiometrically healthy. Results: The ART was elevated when a visual task was performed at the same time as the measurements were taken. Performing an auditory task did not affect the ART. Conclusions: These data indicate that simple audiometric measures widely used in the clinic, can be affected by central, non-auditory processes even in healthy, normal-hearing volunteers. The role of cognition and attention on auditory responses will become ever more important in the coming years.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Acoustics ; Audiometry ; Auditory Threshold/physiology ; Hearing Tests ; Reflex, Acoustic/physiology ; Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2073098-6
ISSN	1708-8186 ; 1499-2027
ISSN (online)	1708-8186
ISSN	1499-2027
DOI	10.1080/14992027.2023.2174455
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Article ; Online: Cultural competence in NHS hearing aid clinics: a mixed-methods case study of services for Deaf British sign language users in the UK.

Hulme, Celia / Young, Alys / Rogers, Katherine / Munro, Kevin J

BMC health services research

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1440

Abstract: Background: This study identified and explored how National Health Service (NHS) hearing aid clinics address cultural competence concerning Deaf British Sign Language (BSL) users. This was approached by (i) investigating how organisational processes ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study identified and explored how National Health Service (NHS) hearing aid clinics address cultural competence concerning Deaf British Sign Language (BSL) users. This was approached by (i) investigating how organisational processes meet the needs of Deaf signers from a hospital and hearing aid clinic perspective, (ii) analysing policies and guidelines to investigate if they equip practitioners to meet the needs of Deaf signers and (iii) exploring with practitioners who work in hearing aid clinics about their experiences of working with Deaf signers. Methods: This study utilised a mixed-methods multiple case study design, incorporating documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Interview analysis was conducted using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The research encompassed two hearing aid clinics in separate hospitals, producing 19 documents and eight interviews (four at each site) with audiologists ensuring a representative mix of professional experience levels. Results: Four themes emerged from the integrated analysis: (1) Understanding Deaf signers; (2) Communicating with Deaf signers; (3) Barriers and Facilitators and (4) Service improvement. A noticeable gap in understanding BSL as both a language and a cultural system was apparent across various policies, strategies, training programmes and staff expertise. Over-reliance on interpreters provided a false sense of accessibility and most participants felt tentative to engage directly with Deaf signers. Positive practices observed at Sites A and B encompassed accurate identification of patients as Deaf signers, improved interpreter availability, communication methods, enhanced training and the encouragement of professional self-awareness. Conclusion: This is the first study that explores cultural competence of hearing aid clinics and its staff concerning Deaf signers in the UK. The results show both clinics require development to become an effective provider for culturally Deaf signers. Examples of how to design culturally competent practices have been provided to assist hearing aid clinics. The findings may be applicable to other underrepresented groups who are not typical users of conventional, acoustic hearing aids provided by the NHS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Deafness ; Sign Language ; Hearing Aids ; Cultural Competency ; State Medicine ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-023-10339-4
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Article ; Online: Reporting of auditory symptoms over time: (in)consistencies, expectations and the nocebo effect.

Saunders, Gabrielle H / Beukes, Eldre W / Uus, Kai / Armitage, Christopher J / Munro, Kevin J

International journal of audiology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 213–220

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tinnitus/diagnosis ; Tinnitus/epidemiology ; Tinnitus/etiology ; Motivation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nocebo Effect ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology ; Hearing Loss/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2073098-6
ISSN	1708-8186 ; 1499-2027
ISSN (online)	1708-8186
ISSN	1499-2027
DOI	10.1080/14992027.2022.2163429
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