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Article ; Online: Inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts against

Bessalah, Salma / Khorchani, Touhami / Hammadi, Mohamed / Faraz, Asim / Mustafa, Ayman Balla

2023 Volume 13, Issue 9, Page(s) 1082–1090

Abstract: Background: Camel calf's diarrhea is considered the chief economic loss in the camelid population. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent colibacillosis in camel calves. The new era of bacterial antibiotic resistance explains the treatment ... ...

Abstract	Background: Camel calf's diarrhea is considered the chief economic loss in the camelid population. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent colibacillosis in camel calves. The new era of bacterial antibiotic resistance explains the treatment failure and the high mortality and morbidity associated with the disease. Current protective treatments have thus far limited efficacy and need to be replaced. Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, natural products are recently finding a capital role in infection management. Aims: The current study explores Methods: Agar diffusion method, integrity of cell membrane, hydrophobicity of bacterial surface, biofilm assays, and motility were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Coffea, Results: Interestingly, all eight tested extracts have the damaging ability of Conclusion: This study demonstrated that all extracts, exempt
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Escherichia coli ; Camelus ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Diarrhea/drug therapy ; Diarrhea/prevention & control ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-30
Publishing country	Libya
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651664-0
ISSN	2218-6050 ; 2218-6050
ISSN (online)	2218-6050
ISSN	2218-6050
DOI	10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.3
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Article ; Online: Inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts against Escherichia coli strain isolated from diarrheic camel calve

Salma Bessalah / Touhami Khorchani / Mohamed Hammadi / Asim Faraz / Ayman Balla Mustafa

Open Veterinary Journal, Vol 13, Iss 9, Pp 1082-

2023 Volume 1090

Abstract	Background: Camel calf's diarrhea is considered the chief economic loss in the camelid population. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent colibacillosis in camel calves. The new era of bacterial antibiotic-resistant explains the treatment failure and the high mortality and morbidity associated with the disease. Current protective treatments have thus far limited efficacy and need to be replaced. Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, natural products are recently finding a capital role in infection management. Aims: The current study explores E. coli F17 susceptibility as a clinical strain isolated from diarrheic camel calves to a wide panel of natural products. Methods: Agar diffusion method, Integrity of cell membrane, hydrophobicity of bacterial surface, biofilm assays, and motility were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Coffea, Retama raetam, Moringa oleifera, Juniperus phoenicea, Uritica dioica, Camellia sinensis, Lavandula angustifolia and Cuminum cyminum extracts against isolated bacteria. Results: Interestingly, All 8 tested extracts have the damaging ability of E. coli F17's cell membrane and cause the nucleic acid release after 12 hours. E. coli F17 strain has the surface of hydrophobicity which changed after contact with extracts of the plant. Moreover, the motility of the studied bacteria changed after exposure to all plant extracts. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that all extracts, exempt Uritica dioica, can remove up to 50% biofilm of E. coli biomass as compared with the control. Natural extracts can be used as potential antimicrobial agents to mitigate diarrhea in camel calves. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(9.000): 1082-1090]
Keywords	e. coli ; camel calves ; diarrhea ; antibacterial ; hydrophobicity ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tripoli University
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Construction of a Nanobodies Phage Display Library From an Escherichia coli Immunized Dromedary.

Salhi, Imed / Bessalah, Salma / Snoun, Dalila / Khorchani, Touhami / Hammadi, Mohamed

Iranian journal of biotechnology

2020 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e2247

Abstract: Background: Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young animals. Few treatment options are available, mainly antibiotic therapy increasingly limited by resistance to commonly used drugs.: Objectives: The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young animals. Few treatment options are available, mainly antibiotic therapy increasingly limited by resistance to commonly used drugs. Objectives: The aim of this work was to develop immunotherapy based on the use of camel VHH antibody fragments, or nanobodies, to target pathogenic E. coli surface antigens. Material and methods: We immunized a camel with a killed strain we had previously isolated from a diarrheic camel calf and identified as expressing the F17 fimbriae antigen. Results: The immunized animal developed an anti-E.coli immune response including heavy-chain antibodies. Lymphocytes from this animal were purified and RNA isolated to create a VHH library by phage display with a size of about 10 Conclusion: The identification of these antigens can lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools against diarrhea.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2223669-7
ISSN	2322-2921 ; 1728-3043
ISSN (online)	2322-2921
ISSN	1728-3043
DOI	10.30498/IJB.2020.127753.2247
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Article: Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)

Bessalah, Salma / Jebahi, Samira / Mejri, Naceur / Salhi, Imed / Khorchani, Touhami / Hammadi, Mohamed

3 Biotech. 2021 Feb., v. 11, no. 2

2021

Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the camelid nanobodies as a revolutionary therapy that can guide efforts to discover new drugs for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The small size property makes nanobodies capable of penetrating efficiently into tissues and ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we focus on the camelid nanobodies as a revolutionary therapy that can guide efforts to discover new drugs for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The small size property makes nanobodies capable of penetrating efficiently into tissues and recognizing cryptic antigens. Strong antigen affinity and stability in the gastrointestinal tract allow them to be used via oral administration. In fact, the use of nanobodies as inhalant can be directly delivered to the target organ, conferring high pulmonary drug concentrations and low systemic drug concentrations and minimal systemic side effects. For that, nanobodies are referred as a class of next-generation antibodies. Nanobodies permit the construction of multivalent formats that may achieve ultra-high neutralization potency and then may prevent mutational escape and can neutralize a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to their distinctive characteristics, nanobodies can be of great use in the development of promising treatment or preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, the state-of-the-art of camel nanobodies design strategies against the virus including SARS-CoV-2 are critically summarized. The application of general nanotechnology was also discussed to mitigate and control emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Camelidae ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antigens ; camels ; digestive tract ; neutralization ; oral administration ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-02
Size	p. 89.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Review
ZDB-ID	2600522-0
ISSN	2190-5738 ; 2190-572X
ISSN (online)	2190-5738
ISSN	2190-572X
DOI	10.1007/s13205-021-02647-5
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Article: Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Bessalah, Salma / Jebahi, Samira / Mejri, Naceur / Salhi, Imed / Khorchani, Touhami / Hammadi, Mohamed

3 Biotech

2021 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 89

Abstract	In this paper, we focus on the camelid nanobodies as a revolutionary therapy that can guide efforts to discover new drugs for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The small size property makes nanobodies capable of penetrating efficiently into tissues and recognizing cryptic antigens. Strong antigen affinity and stability in the gastrointestinal tract allow them to be used via oral administration. In fact, the use of nanobodies as inhalant can be directly delivered to the target organ, conferring high pulmonary drug concentrations and low systemic drug concentrations and minimal systemic side effects. For that, nanobodies are referred as a class of next-generation antibodies. Nanobodies permit the construction of multivalent formats that may achieve ultra-high neutralization potency and then may prevent mutational escape and can neutralize a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to their distinctive characteristics, nanobodies can be of great use in the development of promising treatment or preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, the state-of-the-art of camel nanobodies design strategies against the virus including SARS-CoV-2 are critically summarized. The application of general nanotechnology was also discussed to mitigate and control emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2600522-0
ISSN	2190-5738 ; 2190-572X
ISSN (online)	2190-5738
ISSN	2190-572X
DOI	10.1007/s13205-021-02647-5
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Article: Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy farm animals in Tunisia

Bessalah, Salma / Fairbrother, John Morris / Salhi, Imed / Vanier, Ghyslaine / Khorchani, Touhami / Seddik, Mabrouk-Mouldi / Hammadi, Mohamed

Animal biotechnology. 2021 Dec. 1, v. 32, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir for Escherichia coli potentially dangerous for humans. Our objectives were to investigate virulence genes in E. coli isolated from healthy animals in southern Tunisia and to determine their resistance to ... ...

Abstract	Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir for Escherichia coli potentially dangerous for humans. Our objectives were to investigate virulence genes in E. coli isolated from healthy animals in southern Tunisia and to determine their resistance to antimicrobials of high importance in humans and animals. 126 fecal samples were collected from healthy animals (cattle, sheep, goats, chicken, camel, bustard and rabbit) and assayed by PCR for virulence genes and by disk diffusion for antimicrobial resistance. STEC were isolated most frequently from goats (27.7%), sheep (20%) and cattle (14.2%). ExPEC prevalence of iucD (41.6%), papC (27.7%), sfa (13.8%), afa8 (13.8%) and iron (72.2%) was highest in camels. Prevalence of the ExPEC associated genes iss and cnf and the EPEC defining gene eae was highest in rabbits (53.3, 13.3, and 53.3%, respectively). The genes defining enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteroaggregative E. coli were not detected and faeG was found only in camels (5.5%). The most common phylogenetic groups were B1 (54.5%) and B2 (16.6%). Virulence gene profiles varied greatly between animal species. Overall, antimicrobial resistance was not highly prevalent, the highest resistance being observed against tetracycline, 43.9%.
Keywords	antibiotic resistance ; biotechnology ; camels ; cattle ; chickens ; extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli ; farms ; genes ; iron ; phylogeny ; rabbits ; sheep ; tetracycline ; virulence ; Tunisia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1201
Size	p. 748-757.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2043243-4
ISSN	1532-2378 ; 1049-5398
ISSN (online)	1532-2378
ISSN	1049-5398
DOI	10.1080/10495398.2020.1752702
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Article ; Online: Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of

Bessalah, Salma / Fairbrother, John Morris / Salhi, Imed / Vanier, Ghyslaine / Khorchani, Touhami / Seddik, Mabrouk-Mouldi / Hammadi, Mohamed

Animal biotechnology

2020 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 748–757

Abstract: Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir ... ...

Abstract	Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir for
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Livestock/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Phylogeny ; Sheep ; Tunisia/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043243-4
ISSN	1532-2378 ; 1049-5398
ISSN (online)	1532-2378
ISSN	1049-5398
DOI	10.1080/10495398.2020.1752702
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Article ; Online: Screening for fecal presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in camel-calves in southern Tunisia.

Rhouma, Mohamed / Bessalah, Salma / Salhi, Imed / Thériault, William / Fairbrother, John Morris / Fravalo, Philippe

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica

2018 Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 35

Abstract: Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to harbor multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Data on the occurrence of colistin resistant Escherichia coli as well as mobilized ... ...

Abstract	Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to harbor multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Data on the occurrence of colistin resistant Escherichia coli as well as mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes in camels are lacking. We investigated the presence of colistin resistance and mcr (1-2) genes in E. coli from the feces of camels in Tunisia. Presumptive E. coli isolates from camel-calves in southern Tunisia were qualitatively screened for growth on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2 mg/L of colistin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of colistin was determined for isolates growing on this medium. All isolates were screened for the presence of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction without detecting any of these genes. However, one isolate was confirmed resistant to colistin and further testing of this isolate revealed it to be Enterobacter cloacae. Our study demonstrated absence of colistin resistance and of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in E. coli isolated from camel feces in southern Tunisia. Thus, there is no evidence that camels represent a major source of mcr genes contamination for the local population or for tourists visiting southern Tunisia.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Camelus ; Colistin/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Tunisia
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; MCR-1 protein, E coli ; Membrane Proteins ; mcr-2 protein, E coli ; Colistin (Z67X93HJG1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	40137-7
ISSN	1751-0147 ; 0044-605X
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
ISSN	0044-605X
DOI	10.1186/s13028-018-0389-1
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Article: Screening for fecal presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in camel-calves in southern Tunisia

Rhouma, Mohamed / Salma Bessalah / Imed Salhi / William Thériault / John Morris Fairbrother / Philippe Fravalo

Acta veterinaria scandinavica. 2018 Dec., v. 60, no. 1

2018

Abstract	Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to harbor multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Data on the occurrence of colistin resistant Escherichia coli as well as mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes in camels are lacking. We investigated the presence of colistin resistance and mcr (1–2) genes in E. coli from the feces of camels in Tunisia. Presumptive E. coli isolates from camel-calves in southern Tunisia were qualitatively screened for growth on Mueller–Hinton agar supplemented with 2 mg/L of colistin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of colistin was determined for isolates growing on this medium. All isolates were screened for the presence of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction without detecting any of these genes. However, one isolate was confirmed resistant to colistin and further testing of this isolate revealed it to be Enterobacter cloacae. Our study demonstrated absence of colistin resistance and of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in E. coli isolated from camel feces in southern Tunisia. Thus, there is no evidence that camels represent a major source of mcr genes contamination for the local population or for tourists visiting southern Tunisia.
Keywords	Camelus dromedarius ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Escherichia coli ; Gram-negative bacteria ; agar ; camels ; colistin ; feces ; genes ; humans ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; multiple drug resistance ; polymerase chain reaction ; screening ; tourists ; Tunisia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 35.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	40137-7
ISSN	1751-0147 ; 0044-605X
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
ISSN	0044-605X
DOI	10.1186/s13028-018-0389-1
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Article ; Online: Relationship between external and internal udder and teat measurements of machine milked dromedary camels.

Atigui, Moufida / Marnet, Pierre-Guy / Harrabi, Hager / Bessalah, Salma / Khorchani, Touhami / Hammadi, Mohamed

Tropical animal health and production

2016 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 935–942

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between internal and external udder and teat measurements and evaluate their correlation with milk yield and milk partitioning in the udder of dromedary camels. Six Maghrebi camels reared under intensive ... ...

Abstract	This study aims to determine the relationship between internal and external udder and teat measurements and evaluate their correlation with milk yield and milk partitioning in the udder of dromedary camels. Six Maghrebi camels reared under intensive conditions were monitored at early, middle, and late lactation. Udder measurements included udder depth, udder horizontal circumference, fore and rear teat length and diameter. Besides, scans of the left fore and rear quarters were taken in duplicate before morning milking (16 h) using an oxytocin receptor blocking agent (Atosiban) to determine teat and gland distension before milk ejection. Cisternal and alveolar milk volumes were then evaluated. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the performed udder external and ultrasonographical measurements and cisternal and daily milk production on the measurement day. Significant effect of lactation stage was observed in all measured traits. All internal and external measurements decreased significantly at late lactation as well as cisternal and total milk yield. The quarter cisternal area averaged 16.3 ± 2.2 cm(2) and decreased about three times at late lactation compared to early and middle lactation. All external and internal measurements were positively and highly correlated (P < 0.001). The knowledge of the relationship between udder internal and external morphological traits would permit to predict udder cisternal storage capacity and can ultimately be adopted to improve milk storage capacity of dromedary camels.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Camelus/anatomy & histology ; Dairying/instrumentation ; Dairying/methods ; Female ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology ; Lactation/drug effects ; Mammary Glands, Animal/anatomy & histology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects ; Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology ; Milk ; Vasotocin/analogs & derivatives ; Vasotocin/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Hormone Antagonists ; atosiban (081D12SI0Z) ; Vasotocin (W6S6URY8OF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603363-5
ISSN	1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
ISSN (online)	1573-7438
ISSN	0049-4747
DOI	10.1007/s11250-016-1059-9
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