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  1. Article ; Online: [A Proposal on the Pharmacy Specialists in Japan].

    Yano, Ikuko

    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

    2022  Volume 142, Issue 9, Page(s) 971–975

    Abstract: In Japan, each society has developed its own certification system for the pharmacy specialists in a specific area of pharmaceutical care. Since 2020, we have conducted research activities supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the ... ...

    Abstract In Japan, each society has developed its own certification system for the pharmacy specialists in a specific area of pharmaceutical care. Since 2020, we have conducted research activities supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to assure the quality of pharmacy specialists similar as other medical professionals. We proposed three reform plans. First, we defined a pharmacist career path after obtaining a license by redefining the name of a qualified pharmacist: Step 1, Training-Certified Pharmacist; Step 2, Board-Certified Pharmacist; and Step 3, Pharmacy Specialist. Second, we proposed common external standards for the Pharmacy Specialist. Third, we proposed the need for third-party certification for pharmacy specialists. New reforms for the pharmacy specialists are required under the autonomy of pharmacists.
    MeSH term(s) Certification ; Humans ; Japan ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 200514-1
    ISSN 1347-5231 ; 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    ISSN (online) 1347-5231
    ISSN 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    DOI 10.1248/yakushi.22-00089-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: [Clinical Pharmacometrics for Rational Drug Treatment].

    Yano, Ikuko

    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

    2019  Volume 139, Issue 10, Page(s) 1227–1234

    Abstract: Pharmacometrics is the mathematical study of pharmacokinetics, disease progression, and clinical outcomes. One objective of pharmacometrics is to facilitate rational drug treatment in patients, also termed clinical pharmacometrics. In this review, our ... ...

    Abstract Pharmacometrics is the mathematical study of pharmacokinetics, disease progression, and clinical outcomes. One objective of pharmacometrics is to facilitate rational drug treatment in patients, also termed clinical pharmacometrics. In this review, our clinical pharmacometric studies conducted over the last 10 years are discussed. Population pharmacokinetic analysis using therapeutic monitoring data for levetiracetam revealed that oral clearance allometrically scaled to both body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate can accurately predict clinical data from patients of various ages (pediatric to elderly) with varying renal function. Dosage adjustments based on renal function in the package information are effective in controlling the trough and peak concentrations in similar ranges. In addition, a retrospective pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study revealed that the efficacy of low-dose clobazam therapy was significantly influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were successfully built using electronic medical information to explain retrospective international normalized ratio values of prothrombin time before and after catheter ablation in warfarin-treated patients. Simulation studies suggest that more than 20 mg of vitamin K
    MeSH term(s) Anticoagulants/administration & dosage ; Anticoagulants/pharmacokinetics ; Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage ; Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics ; Clobazam/administration & dosage ; Clobazam/pharmacokinetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Drug Monitoring ; Drug Therapy ; Genotype ; Health Care Rationing ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacokinetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Precision Medicine ; Tacrolimus/administration & dosage ; Tacrolimus/pharmacokinetics ; Vitamin K 2/administration & dosage ; Vitamin K 2/pharmacokinetics ; Warfarin/administration & dosage ; Warfarin/pharmacokinetics
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Anticonvulsants ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Vitamin K 2 (11032-49-8) ; Clobazam (2MRO291B4U) ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI) ; CYP2C19 protein, human (EC 1.14.14.1) ; CYP3A5 protein, human (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM)
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2019-10-03
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 200514-1
    ISSN 1347-5231 ; 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    ISSN (online) 1347-5231
    ISSN 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    DOI 10.1248/yakushi.19-00124
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effect of early dose reduction of osimertinib on efficacy in the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

    Hori, Tomoki / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Ito, Takefumi / Ikushima, Shigeki / Omura, Tomohiro / Yano, Ikuko

    Investigational new drugs

    2024  

    Abstract: Osimertinib is used as the first-line therapy for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, early dose reduction is often required due to adverse events (AEs). This study aimed to evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Osimertinib is used as the first-line therapy for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, early dose reduction is often required due to adverse events (AEs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early dose reduction of osimertinib on efficacy and safety. This was a retrospective study including patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who were started on osimertinib as the first-line therapy between August 2018 and December 2021. Patients whose doses were reduced to less than 80 mg/day within 6 months of osimertinib initiation or started at 40 mg/day were defined as the dose reduction group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Factors affecting PFS were explored using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 85 patients were included in this study. No significant differences in patient characteristics were observed between the dose reduction (n = 25) and standard dose groups (n = 60). The median PFS in the dose reduction group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the standard dose group (26.0 months vs. 12.0 months, p = 0.03). Multivariable analysis of 84 patients, excluding a patient with unknown brain metastasis, revealed that EGFR exon 21 L858R mutation, malignant pleural effusion or pleural metastasis, liver metastasis, and dose reduction within 6 months were independent factors affecting PFS. Early dose reduction of osimertinib is an effective therapeutic strategy for prolonging PFS in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604895-x
    ISSN 1573-0646 ; 0167-6997
    ISSN (online) 1573-0646
    ISSN 0167-6997
    DOI 10.1007/s10637-024-01432-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Assessment of Patient Characteristics Influencing the Analgesic Effects of Ibuprofen Gargle After Mandibular Third Molar Extractions.

    Kakei, Yasumasa / Ioroi, Takeshi / Miyakoda, Keiko / Ito, Takahiro / Kashin, Masahiko / Shirai, Tatsuya / Hasegawa, Takumi / Sakane, Toshiyasu / Yano, Ikuko / Akashi, Masaya

    Cureus

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e57516

    Abstract: Introduction In our previous work, we investigated the analgesic effects of ibuprofen gargle after mandibular third molar extractions. However, a subsequent detailed review of individual patient data revealed variations in postoperative pain reduction ... ...

    Abstract Introduction In our previous work, we investigated the analgesic effects of ibuprofen gargle after mandibular third molar extractions. However, a subsequent detailed review of individual patient data revealed variations in postoperative pain reduction among patients. Consequently, the present study was designed to conduct post-hoc subanalyses that identified factors contributing to variation in the analgesic response to ibuprofen gargle after third molar extractions. Materials and methods This study involved thirty-five Japanese patients from a prior randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, which focused on the analgesic effects of ibuprofen gargle after mandibular third molar extractions. Participants were categorized as responders (n = 13) and non-responders (n = 22) based on the within-subject difference (ibuprofen-placebo, IP) of visual analog scale (VAS) changes. Baseline characteristics were compared, along with variables, such as age, sex, the reason for extraction, extraction site, Pell Gregory (space and depth) classification, Winter's classification, surgeon's experience, and surgery time. Baseline characteristics predicting responder status were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Results In the univariate analysis, variables such as age, sex, and baseline VAS scores with p-values <0.2 were evaluated using a stepwise approach. This analysis identified age (per -10 years) with an odds ratio of 4.163 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.170-31.952, p = 0.0233) and sex (female) with an odds ratio of 9.977 (95% CI: 1.336-208.256, p = 0.0213) as significant predictors of responder status. Conclusions In young and female patients, ibuprofen gargle decreased postoperative pain after mandibular third molar extractions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.57516
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The Efficacy of Bepotastine Besilate Compared With Hydroxyzine Pamoate for Preventing Infusion Reactions to the First Dose of Rituximab in Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Protocol for a Phase II, Double-Blind, Multicenter Randomized Trial.

    Kitahiro, Yumi / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Yakushijin, Kimikazu / Ioroi, Takeshi / Tanda, Masaaki / Itohara, Kotaro / Omura, Tomohiro / Minami, Hironobu / Yano, Ikuko

    JMIR research protocols

    2024  Volume 13, Page(s) e54882

    Abstract: Background: Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, can cause infusion reactions (IRs), especially during the initial rituximab infusion therapy. Generally, patients are administered a histamine H: Objective: This study aimed to assess the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, can cause infusion reactions (IRs), especially during the initial rituximab infusion therapy. Generally, patients are administered a histamine H
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of first- and second-generation histamine H
    Methods: This is a phase II, double-blind, active-controlled randomized trial. It will be a multicenter study conducted across 3 facilities that aims to enroll a total of 40 patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who will receive their initial rituximab infusion. Participating patients will be administered hydroxyzine pamoate or bepotastine besilate, representing first- or second-generation histamine H
    Results: This study began with patient recruitment in April 2023, with 17 participants enrolled as of November 12, 2023. The anticipated study completion is set for February 2026.
    Conclusions: This study is the first randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of oral first- and second-generation histamine H
    Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs051220169; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs051220169.
    International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/54882.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719222-2
    ISSN 1929-0748
    ISSN 1929-0748
    DOI 10.2196/54882
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Population pharmacokinetics of everolimus in renal transplant recipients receiving long-term multiple immunosuppressive therapy.

    Sakaue, Tomoyuki / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Itohara, Kotaro / Kitahiro, Yumi / Endo, Takahito / Yokoyama, Naoki / Ishimura, Takeshi / Omura, Tomohiro / Yano, Ikuko

    Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

    2024  Volume 56, Page(s) 101009

    Abstract: Everolimus is used for immunosuppression after renal transplantation. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of everolimus using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of patients under long-term multiple immunosuppressive ...

    Abstract Everolimus is used for immunosuppression after renal transplantation. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of everolimus using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of patients under long-term multiple immunosuppressive therapy, including tacrolimus. To develop the model, 185 renal transplant recipients with 3358 everolimus blood concentrations during a median postoperative period of 35.3 months were included. The PopPK model is described as a one-compartment model with first-order absorption. The population mean of apparent clearance is 8.92 L/h (relative standard error = 3.6%), and this negatively correlated with the dose-normalized concentration (C/D) of tacrolimus and hematocrit value, and positively correlated with a daily dose of everolimus (i.e. TDM effect). The usefulness of dose adjustment using the final popPK model was assessed by a simulation study. The ratio of the first trough measurement within the therapeutic range of 3-8 ng/mL increased from 69.8% in the original dose to 87.9% in the individual dose calculated by the final PopPK model. The tacrolimus C/D ratio before initiating everolimus therapy and the hematocrit value were useful to estimate the initial dose of everolimus and can improve the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy involving everolimus.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2095748-8
    ISSN 1880-0920 ; 1347-4367 ; 0916-1139
    ISSN (online) 1880-0920
    ISSN 1347-4367 ; 0916-1139
    DOI 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Luteolin Protects Against 6-Hydoroxydopamine-Induced Cell Death via an Upregulation of HRD1 and SEL1L.

    Nishiguchi, Hiroki / Omura, Tomohiro / Sato, Ayaka / Kitahiro, Yumi / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Kunimasa, Junichi / Yano, Ikuko

    Neurochemical research

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 117–128

    Abstract: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is caused by many factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered as one of the responsible factors for it. ER stress induces the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade unfolded proteins and suppress ...

    Abstract Parkinson's Disease (PD) is caused by many factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered as one of the responsible factors for it. ER stress induces the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade unfolded proteins and suppress cell death. The ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) and its stabilizing molecule, the suppressor/enhancer lin-12-like (SEL1L), can suppress the ER stress via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and that HRD1 can also suppress cell death in familial and nonfamilial PD models. These findings indicate that HRD1 and SEL1L might be key proteins for the treatment of PD. Our study aimed to identify the compounds with the effects of upregulating the HRD1 expression and suppressing neuronal cell death in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cellular PD model. Our screening by the Drug Gene Budger, a drug repositioning tool, identified luteolin as a candidate compound for the desired modulation of the HRD1 expression. Subsequently, we confirmed that low concentrations of luteolin did not show cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, and used these low concentrations in the subsequent experiments. Next, we demonsrated that luteolin increased HRD1 and SEL1L mRNA levels and protein expressions. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited 6-OHDA-induced cell death and suppressed ER stress response caused by exposure to 6-OHDA. Finally, luteolin did not reppress 6-OHDA-induced cell death when expression of HRD1 or SEL1L was suppressed by RNA interference. These findings suggest that luteolin might be a novel therapeutic agent for PD due to its ability to suppress ER stress through the activation of HRD1 and SEL1L.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Luteolin/pharmacology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Oxidopamine/toxicity ; Neuroblastoma ; Cell Death ; Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease
    Chemical Substances Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Luteolin (KUX1ZNC9J2) ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1) ; Oxidopamine (8HW4YBZ748) ; Proteins ; Ubiquitin ; SEL1L protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 199335-5
    ISSN 1573-6903 ; 0364-3190
    ISSN (online) 1573-6903
    ISSN 0364-3190
    DOI 10.1007/s11064-023-04019-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Upfront Use of First-/Second-Generation EGFR-TKI Followed by Osimertinib Shows Better Prognosis than Upfront Osimertinib Therapy in Japanese Patients with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer with Exon 19 Deletion: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

    Hori, Tomoki / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Ito, Takefumi / Ikushima, Shigeki / Omura, Tomohiro / Yano, Ikuko

    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 788–795

    Abstract: Clinical evidence on the increased efficacy of sequential epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy ... ...

    Abstract Clinical evidence on the increased efficacy of sequential epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of upfront use of first-/second-generation TKI followed by osimertinib with upfront osimertinib therapy for each representative EGFR mutation in Japanese patients with NSCLC. Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC were classified into two groups: first-/second-generation TKI followed by osimertinib (sequential TKI group) and upfront osimertinib groups. The total time to treatment failure (TTF) of TKI therapies, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 74 patients included in the analysis, 38 and 34 patients had exon 19 deletion and L858R, respectively, and other two patients had minor mutations. The sequential TKI group had a significantly longer TTF than the upfront osimertinib group in overall patients (33.2 vs. 11.2 months; p = 0.007) and in the subgroup of exon 19 deletion (36.7 vs. 10.0 months; p = 0.004), but not in the subgroup of L858R (22.6 vs. 15.6 months; p = 0.37). The similar tendency was observed in PFS. OS of the sequential TKI group was significantly longer compared with the upfront osimertinib group in overall patients, the subgroup of exon 19 deletion, and the subgroup of L858R. The upfront use of first-/second-generation TKI followed by osimertinib is one of the feasible and effective strategies in Japanese patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, especially in patients with exon 19 deletion.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; East Asian People ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Aniline Compounds/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Mutation ; ErbB Receptors/genetics ; Exons
    Chemical Substances osimertinib (3C06JJ0Z2O) ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Aniline Compounds ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1) ; EGFR protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1150271-x
    ISSN 1347-5215 ; 0918-6158
    ISSN (online) 1347-5215
    ISSN 0918-6158
    DOI 10.1248/bpb.b22-00794
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: ALBI Grade Is a Predictive Factor of Lenvatinib Treatment Discontinuation due to Adverse Events in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

    Enomoto, Daichi / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Matsumoto, Yuki / Morioka, Asami / Omura, Tomohiro / Komatsu, Shohei / Yano, Yoshihiko / Fukumoto, Takumi / Yano, Ikuko

    Anticancer research

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 1317–1323

    Abstract: Background/aim: Lenvatinib is a multiple-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its systematic concentration varies according to liver function. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade is a novel indicator for predicting ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: Lenvatinib is a multiple-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its systematic concentration varies according to liver function. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade is a novel indicator for predicting liver function in patients with hepatic disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ALBI grade and HCC patients' lenvatinib treatment duration.
    Patients and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with HCC and Child-Pugh A treated with lenvatinib between April 2018 and December 2019. The baseline liver function was determined using the ALBI grade. The primary outcome was discontinuation owing to adverse events. The risk factors for discontinuation owing to adverse effects were analyzed using logistic regression.
    Results: This investigation included 48 HCC patients. Patients with ALBI grade 2 had a significantly shorter time of discontinuation due to adverse events than those with grade 1 (p=0.036). However, the time of treatment failure did not differ between the groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ALBI grade 2 and non-use of antihypertensive drugs were independent factors for discontinuation due to adverse events [odds ratio (OR)=14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.46-135, p=0.022 and OR=5.48, 95% CI=1.13-23.9, p=0.024, respectively].
    Conclusion: The ALBI grades may be useful in predicting adverse events caused by lenvatinib in patients with HCC and Child-Pugh A.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Albumins/chemistry ; Bilirubin/chemistry ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Phenylurea Compounds/adverse effects ; Quinolines/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Albumins ; Bilirubin (RFM9X3LJ49) ; lenvatinib (EE083865G2) ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Quinolines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-26
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
    DOI 10.21873/anticanres.16279
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of Ibuprofen Gargle for Oral Lichen Planus: A Study Protocol of Randomized Crossover and Long-Term Extension Trials.

    Kitahiro, Yumi / Ioroi, Takeshi / Kakei, Yasumasa / Yamashita, Junya / Kimoto, Akira / Hasegawa, Takumi / Morioka, Asami / Yamamoto, Kazuhiro / Akashi, Masaya / Yano, Ikuko

    Methods and protocols

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1

    Abstract: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a type of chronic and refractory stomatitis characterized by abnormal keratinization, which is often painful. There is no consensus regarding treatment options for OLP, particularly in the presence of pain. The current study ... ...

    Abstract Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a type of chronic and refractory stomatitis characterized by abnormal keratinization, which is often painful. There is no consensus regarding treatment options for OLP, particularly in the presence of pain. The current study protocol focuses on the short-term efficacy and long-term safety of an ibuprofen gargle for pain management in patients with OLP. Patients (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2409-9279
    ISSN (online) 2409-9279
    DOI 10.3390/mps6010007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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