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  1. Article ; Online: Heterogeneity and Differentiation of the Human Arterial Tree: Focus on microRNA Expression in Vascular Disease.

    Ciavarella, Carmen / Motta, Ilenia / Capri, Miriam / Gargiulo, Mauro / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

    Biomolecules

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3

    Abstract: Human arteries show structural and functional peculiarities according to the nutrient and oxygen needs of a specific vascular district. This architectural heterogeneity is reflected in the pathological setting of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, ... ...

    Abstract Human arteries show structural and functional peculiarities according to the nutrient and oxygen needs of a specific vascular district. This architectural heterogeneity is reflected in the pathological setting of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, the responsiveness to cardiovascular risk factors, and the morphological and molecular patterns are discriminating factors among CVDs affecting different vascular beds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous regulators of gene expression and fine-tuners of vascular cell differentiation; thus, these non-coding RNAs can modulate arterial heterogeneity. The identification of an artery-specific miRNA signature would be promising in the therapy of CVDs, especially in patients who are frail and elderly. In the present review, we will provide a concise description of the arterial tree heterogeneity on a structural and cellular basis, mainly in the pathological context. Secondly, we will address the miRNA potential as crucial mediators of arterial heterogeneity, focusing on the abdominal aorta and femoral artery, with the final goal of strengthening the search for more targeted therapies in CVDs and stratification approaches in patients who are frail and elderly.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Vascular Diseases ; Arteries/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2701262-1
    ISSN 2218-273X ; 2218-273X
    ISSN (online) 2218-273X
    ISSN 2218-273X
    DOI 10.3390/biom14030343
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Characteristics and Survival Potential Under Sub-lethal Stress of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Isolated from the Human Vascular Wall.

    Ciavarella, Carmen / Valente, Sabrina / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

    Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 12, Page(s) 1071–1077

    Abstract: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in multiple human tissues, including the vascular wall. High proliferative potential, multilineage, and immunomodulatory properties make vascular MSCs promising candidates for regenerative ... ...

    Abstract Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in multiple human tissues, including the vascular wall. High proliferative potential, multilineage, and immunomodulatory properties make vascular MSCs promising candidates for regenerative medicine. Indeed, their location is strategic for controlling vascular and extra-vascular tissue homeostasis. However, the clinical application of MSCs, and in particular vascular MSCs, is still challenging. Current studies are focused on developing strategies to improve MSC therapeutic applications, like priming MSCs with stress conditions (hypoxia, nutrient deprivation) to achieve a higher therapeutic potential. The goal of the present study is to review the main findings regarding the MSCs isolated from the human vascular wall. Further, the main priming strategies tested on MSCs from different sources are reported, together with the experience on vascular MSCs isolated from healthy cryopreserved and pathological arteries. Stress induction can be a priming approach able to improve MSC effectiveness through several mechanisms that are discussed in this review. Nevertheless, these issues have not been completely explored in vascular MSCs and potential side effects need to be investigated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Regenerative Medicine ; Cell Differentiation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1143556-2
    ISSN 1549-4918 ; 1066-5099
    ISSN (online) 1549-4918
    ISSN 1066-5099
    DOI 10.1093/stmcls/sxac066
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Pharmacological (or Synthetic) and Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-γ as Candidates for Cytokine Storm Modulation in COVID-19 Disease.

    Ciavarella, Carmen / Motta, Ilenia / Valente, Sabrina / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 9

    Abstract: The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for ... ...

    Abstract The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for COVID-19 infections. Thus, an immunomodulatory approach targeting the over-production of cytokines could be proposed for viral aggressive pulmonary disease treatment. In this regard, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a member of the PPAR transcription factor family, could represent a potential target. Beside the well-known regulatory role on lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-γ also represses the inflammatory process. Similarly, the PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like pioglitazone, are anti-inflammatory drugs with ameliorating effects on severe viral pneumonia. In addition to the pharmacological agonists, also nutritional ligands of PPAR-γ, like curcuma, lemongrass, and pomegranate, possess anti-inflammatory properties through PPAR-γ activation. Here, we review the main synthetic and nutritional PPAR-γ ligands, proposing a dual approach based on the strengthening of the immune system using pharmacological and dietary strategies as an attempt to prevent/treat cytokine storm in the case of coronavirus infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Fish Oils/pharmacology ; Humans ; Ligands ; PPAR gamma/agonists ; Pandemics ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Seafood/analysis ; Spices/analysis ; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Fish Oils ; Ligands ; PPAR gamma ; Thiazolidinediones
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules25092076
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  4. Article ; Online: Biomarkers in Tears and Ocular Surface: A Window for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

    Roda, Matilde / Ciavarella, Carmen / Giannaccare, Giuseppe / Versura, Piera

    Eye & contact lens

    2019  Volume 46 Suppl 2, Page(s) S129–S134

    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the potential role of tear analysis and ocular surface evaluation in diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer disease, ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the potential role of tear analysis and ocular surface evaluation in diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and glaucoma.
    Methods: A systematic computerized search in the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Collaborations was conducted to find eligible articles which their main topic was to investigate the tear and ocular surface in neurodegenerative diseases. After a first screening of titles and abstracts and a full-text review, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 about the neurodegenerative diseases, 3 about the Alzheimer disease, 11 about the Parkinson disease, 11 about glaucoma, and 1 about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
    Results: The ocular surface picture seems to be altered in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases with specific characteristics according to each disease. They seem to be associated with reduced corneal sensitivity and abnormal tear function, and each one presents the expression of specific biomarkers in tears.
    Conclusions: The study of tears and ocular surface appears to be a new and noninvasive promising way to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cornea/metabolism ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Tears/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2103049-2
    ISSN 1542-233X ; 1542-2321
    ISSN (online) 1542-233X
    ISSN 1542-2321
    DOI 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000663
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Pharmacological (or Synthetic) and Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-γ as Candidates for Cytokine Storm Modulation in COVID-19 Disease

    Carmen Ciavarella / Ilenia Motta / Sabrina Valente / Gianandrea Pasquinelli

    Molecules ; Volume 25 ; Issue 9

    2020  

    Abstract: The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for ... ...

    Abstract The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for COVID-19 infections. Thus, an immunomodulatory approach targeting the over-production of cytokines could be proposed for viral aggressive pulmonary disease treatment. In this regard, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ

    a member of the PPAR transcription factor family, could represent a potential target. Beside the well-known regulatory role on lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-γ

    also represses the inflammatory process. Similarly, the PPAR-γ

    agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like pioglitazone, are anti-inflammatory drugs with ameliorating effects on severe viral pneumonia. In addition to the pharmacological agonists, also nutritional ligands of PPAR-γ

    like curcuma, lemongrass, and pomegranate, possess anti-inflammatory properties through PPAR-γ

    activation. Here, we review the main synthetic and nutritional PPAR-γ

    ligands, proposing a dual approach based on the strengthening of the immune system using pharmacological and dietary strategies as an attempt to prevent/treat cytokine storm in the case of coronavirus infection.
    Keywords cytokine storm ; PPAR-γ ; metabolism ; inflammation ; PPAR-γ agonists ; coronavirus infection ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publishing country ch
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Pharmacological (or Synthetic) and Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-γ as Candidates for Cytokine Storm Modulation in COVID-19 Disease

    Carmen Ciavarella / Ilenia Motta / Sabrina Valente / Gianandrea Pasquinelli

    Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 2076, p

    2020  Volume 2076

    Abstract: The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for ... ...

    Abstract The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for COVID-19 infections. Thus, an immunomodulatory approach targeting the over-production of cytokines could be proposed for viral aggressive pulmonary disease treatment. In this regard, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a member of the PPAR transcription factor family, could represent a potential target. Beside the well-known regulatory role on lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-γ also represses the inflammatory process. Similarly, the PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like pioglitazone, are anti-inflammatory drugs with ameliorating effects on severe viral pneumonia. In addition to the pharmacological agonists, also nutritional ligands of PPAR-γ, like curcuma, lemongrass, and pomegranate, possess anti-inflammatory properties through PPAR-γ activation. Here, we review the main synthetic and nutritional PPAR-γ ligands, proposing a dual approach based on the strengthening of the immune system using pharmacological and dietary strategies as an attempt to prevent/treat cytokine storm in the case of coronavirus infection.
    Keywords cytokine storm ; PPAR-γ ; metabolism ; inflammation ; PPAR-γ agonists ; coronavirus infection ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: ETS-Related Gene Expression in Healthy Femoral Arteries With Focal Calcifications.

    Vasuri, Francesco / Valente, Sabrina / Motta, Ilenia / Degiovanni, Alessio / Ciavarella, Carmen / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 623782

    Abstract: Bone development-related genes are enriched in healthy femoral arteries, which are more prone to calcification, as documented by the predominance of fibrocalcific plaques at the femoral location. We undertook a prospective histological study on the ... ...

    Abstract Bone development-related genes are enriched in healthy femoral arteries, which are more prone to calcification, as documented by the predominance of fibrocalcific plaques at the femoral location. We undertook a prospective histological study on the presence of calcifications in normal femoral arteries collected from donors. Since endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) participates in vascular remodeling, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular markers of EndMT and chondro-osteogenic differentiation were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to describe calcification at its inception. Two hundred and fourteen femoral arteries were enrolled. The mean age of the donors was 39.9 ± 12.9 years; male gender prevailed (M: 128). Histology showed a normal architecture; calcifications were found in 52 (24.3%) cases, without correlations with cardiovascular risk factors. Calcifications were seen on or just beneath the inner elastic lamina (IEL). At IHC, SLUG was increasingly expressed in the wall of focally calcified femoral arteries (FCFA). ETS-related gene (ERG), SLUG, CD44, and SOX-9 were positive in calcifications. RT-PCR showed increased levels of BPM-2, RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin osteogenic transcripts and increased expression of the chondrogenic marker, SOX-9, in FCFA. TEM documented osteoblast-like cells adjacent to the IEL, releasing calcifying vesicles from the cell membrane. The vesicles were embedded in a proteoglycan-rich matrix and were entrapped in IEL fenestrations. In this study, ERG- and CD44-positive cell populations were found in the context of increased SLUG expression, thus supporting the participation of EndMT in FCFA; the increased transcript expression of osteochondrogenic markers, particularly SOX-9, reinforced the view that EndMT, osteochondrogenesis, and neoangiogenesis interact in the process of arterial calcification. Given its role as a transcription factor in the regulation of endothelial homeostasis, arterial ERG expression can be a clue of endothelial dysregulation and changes in IEL organization which can ultimately hinder calcifying vesicle diffusion through the IEL fenestrae. These results may have a broader implication for understanding arterial calcification within a disease context.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2021.623782
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  8. Article ; Online: Human glial müller and umbilical vein endothelial cell coculture as an in vitro model to investigate retinal oxidative damage. A morphological and molecular assessment.

    Astolfi, Gloria / Ciavarella, Carmen / Valente, Sabrina / Coslovi, Chiara / Iannetta, Danilo / Fontana, Luigi / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea / Versura, Piera

    Microscopy research and technique

    2022  Volume 86, Issue 4, Page(s) 439–451

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to optimize a coculture in vitro model established between the human Müller glial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mimicking the inner blood-retinal barrier, and to explore its resistance to damage induced by ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to optimize a coculture in vitro model established between the human Müller glial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mimicking the inner blood-retinal barrier, and to explore its resistance to damage induced by oxidative stress. A spontaneously immortalized human Müller cell line MIO-M1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were plated together at a density ratio 1:1 and maintained up to the 8th passage (p8). The MIO-M1/HUVECs p1 through p8 were treated with increasing concentrations (range 200-800 μM) of H
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Coculture Techniques ; Umbilical Veins/metabolism ; Retina ; Retinal Diseases ; Oxidative Stress ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099714-3
    ISSN 1097-0029 ; 1059-910X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0029
    ISSN 1059-910X
    DOI 10.1002/jemt.24284
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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of Freeze-Drying on Cord Blood (CB), Serum (S), and Platelet-Rich Plasma (CB-PRP) Preparations on Growth Factor Content and In Vitro Cell Wound Healing.

    Valente, Sabrina / Ciavarella, Carmen / Astolfi, Gloria / Bergantin, Elisa / Curti, Nico / Buzzi, Marina / Fontana, Luigi / Versura, Piera

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 18

    Abstract: Blood-based preparations are used in clinical practice for the treatment of several eye disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of freeze-drying blood-based preparations on the levels of growth factors and wound healing behaviors in an ... ...

    Abstract Blood-based preparations are used in clinical practice for the treatment of several eye disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of freeze-drying blood-based preparations on the levels of growth factors and wound healing behaviors in an in vitro model. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and serum (S) preparations from the same Cord Blood (CB) sample, prepared in both fresh frozen (FF) and freeze-dried (FD) forms (and then reconstituted), were analyzed for EGF and BDNF content (ELISA Quantikine kit). The human MIO-M1 glial cell line (Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK) was incubated with FF and FD products and evaluated for cell migration with scratch-induced wounding (IncuCyte S3 Essen BioScience), proliferation with cyclin A2 and D1 gene expression, and activation with vimentin and GFAP gene expression. The FF and FD forms showed similar concentrations of EGF and BDNF in both the S and PRP preparations. The wound healing assay showed no significant difference between the FF and FD forms for both S and PRP. Additionally, cell migration, proliferation, and activation did not appear to change in the FD forms compared to the FF ones. Our study showed that reconstituted FD products maintained the growth factor concentrations and biological properties of FF products and could be used as a functional treatment option.
    MeSH term(s) Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin A2/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma/metabolism ; Vimentin/metabolism ; Wound Healing/physiology
    Chemical Substances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Cyclin A2 ; Vimentin ; Epidermal Growth Factor (62229-50-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms231810701
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  10. Article: Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Mitigates Endothelial and Circulating Cells Alterations Following PLLA Electrospun Mat Placement.

    Ciavarella, Carmen / Motta, Ilenia / Blando, Santino / Valente, Sabrina / Farabegoli, Fulvia / Focarete, Maria Letizia / Gargiulo, Mauro / Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

    Biomedicines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: Synthetic vascular graft calcification is a serious complication of graft placement. Here, we analysed migration and osteogenic genes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) electrospun mat. ...

    Abstract Background: Synthetic vascular graft calcification is a serious complication of graft placement. Here, we analysed migration and osteogenic genes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) electrospun mat. The role of epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in pathogenic processes involving HUVEC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also tested.
    Methods: HUVEC were cultured in indirect contact with PLLA for 48 h, with or without EGCG, and processed for mRNA expression. HUVEC proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated after EGCG treatment. EGCG was also administrated to human PBMCs, to analyse proliferation and migration toward HUVEC cultured with PLLA.
    Results: HUVEC cultured with PLLA exhibited increased expression of SLUG, VIMENTIN, MMP-9 (migration, vascular remodelling) and RUNX-2 (osteogenic transcription factor). EGCG at 25 μM significantly reduced HUVEC migration, osteogenic differentiation, without affecting cell viability, and mitigated PLLA influence on SLUG, MMP-9, VIMENTIN and RUNX-2 expression. EGCG affected PBMC proliferation and migration toward PLLA in a transwell co-culture system with HUVEC.
    Conclusion: Our study suggests the pro-calcific effect of PLLA, proposing EGCG as an anti-inflammatory modulatory approach. Research efforts need to deepen PLLA-vascular wall interactions for preventing vascular graft failure.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10061276
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