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Article ; Online: The absorbing life of bile acids.

Marks, Joanne

2020 Volume 97, Issue 6, Page(s) 1099–1102

Abstract: Hyperphosphatemia increases cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Targeting the processes involved in dietary phosphate absorption is an attractive means for reducing this phosphate burden. We ... ...

Abstract	Hyperphosphatemia increases cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Targeting the processes involved in dietary phosphate absorption is an attractive means for reducing this phosphate burden. We do not, however, fully understand this process and how it is regulated. This commentary describes recent findings regarding the novel role of bile acids in regulating paracellular phosphate (and calcium) absorption by the small intestine and the potential cellular mechanisms involved.
MeSH term(s)	Bile Acids and Salts ; Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia/etiology ; Phosphates ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts ; Calcium, Dietary ; Phosphates
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120573-0
ISSN	1523-1755 ; 0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
ISSN	0085-2538
DOI	10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.020
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Article: Physiological regulation of phosphate homeostasis.

Marks, Joanne / Unwin, Robert J

Vitamins and hormones

2022 Volume 120, Page(s) 47–78

Abstract: Phosphate homeostasis is dependent on the interaction and coordination of four main organ systems: thyroid/parathyroids, gastrointestinal tract, bone and kidneys, and three key hormonal regulators, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone and FGF23 ... ...

Abstract	Phosphate homeostasis is dependent on the interaction and coordination of four main organ systems: thyroid/parathyroids, gastrointestinal tract, bone and kidneys, and three key hormonal regulators, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone and FGF23 with its co- factor klotho. Phosphorus is a critical nutritional element for normal cellular function, but in excess can be toxic to tissues, particularly the vasculature. As phosphate, it also has an important interaction and inter-dependence with calcium and calcium homeostasis sharing some of the same controlling hormones, although this is not covered in our article. We have chosen to provide a current overview of phosphate homeostasis only, focusing on the role of two major organ systems, the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, and their contribution to the control of phosphate balance. We describe in some detail the mechanisms of intestinal and renal phosphate transport, and compare and contrast their regulation. We also consider a significant example of phosphate imbalance, with phosphate retention, which is chronic kidney disease; why consequent hyperphosphatemia is important, and some of the newer means of managing it.
MeSH term(s)	Calcium ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology ; Glucuronidase/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphates ; Vitamin D/physiology
Chemical Substances	Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphates ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201161-x
ISSN	2162-2620 ; 0083-6729
ISSN (online)	2162-2620
ISSN	0083-6729
DOI	10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.007
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Article ; Online: The role of SLC34A2 in intestinal phosphate absorption and phosphate homeostasis.

Marks, Joanne

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology

2018 Volume 471, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–173

Abstract: There has recently been significant interest in the concept of directly targeting intestinal phosphate transport to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, we do not have a complete understanding of the cellular ... ...

Abstract	There has recently been significant interest in the concept of directly targeting intestinal phosphate transport to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, we do not have a complete understanding of the cellular mechanisms that govern dietary phosphate absorption. Studies in the 1970s documented both active and passive pathways for intestinal phosphate absorption. However, following the cloning of the intestinal SLC34 cotransporter, NaPi-IIb, much of the research focused on the role of this protein in active transcellular phosphate absorption and the factors involved in its regulation. Generation of a conditional NaPi-IIb knockout mouse has demonstrated that this protein is critical for the maintenance of skeletal integrity during periods of phosphate restriction and that under normal physiological conditions, the passive sodium-independent pathway is likely be the more dominant pathway for intestinal phosphate absorption. The review aims to summarise the most recent developments in our understanding of the role of the intestine in phosphate homeostasis, including the acute and chronic renal adaptations that occur in response to dietary phosphate intake. Evidence regarding the overall contribution of the transcellular and paracellular pathways for phosphate absorption will be discussed, together with the clinical benefit of inhibiting these pathways for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II/genetics ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Phosphates ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	6380-0
ISSN	1432-2013 ; 0031-6768
ISSN (online)	1432-2013
ISSN	0031-6768
DOI	10.1007/s00424-018-2221-1
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Article ; Online: Discharge summaries provided to owners of pets newly diagnosed with cancer exceed recommended readability levels.

Medland, Julia E / Marks, Steven L / Intile, Joanne L

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2022 Volume 260, Issue 6, Page(s) 657–661

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the readability of discharge summaries distributed to owners of pets newly diagnosed with cancer.: Sample: 118 discharge summaries provided to pet owners following initial consultation.: Procedures: A database search ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To analyze the readability of discharge summaries distributed to owners of pets newly diagnosed with cancer. Sample: 118 discharge summaries provided to pet owners following initial consultation. Procedures: A database search identified records of new patients that had been presented to the North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital medical oncology service between June 2017 and January 2019. Owner-directed portions of the summaries provided at the time of discharge were copied and pasted into a document and stripped of all identifying information. Readability of summaries was assessed with the use of 2 previously established readability calculators: the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) tests. Results: Mean ± SD FKGL was 11.9 ± 1.1 (median, 11.9; range, 8.6 to 15.5; target ≤ 6), and the mean ± SD FRE score was 43 ± 5.9 (median, 42.7; range, 25.5 to 58.1; target ≥ 60). There were no significant differences in FKGL or FRE scores among discharge summaries for patients with the 4 most common tumor types diagnosed or the described treatment options. Ninety-three percent (110/118) of summaries were scored as difficult or very difficult to read. Clinical relevance: Owner-directed written information regarding a diagnosis of cancer at a single teaching hospital exceeded readability levels recommended by the American Medical Association and NIH and was above the average reading level of most US adults. Efforts to improve readability are an important component of promoting relationship-centered care and may improve owner compliance and patient outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Comprehension ; Internet ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/veterinary ; North Carolina ; Patient Discharge ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.21.09.0410
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Article ; Online: The Complexities of Organ Crosstalk in Phosphate Homeostasis: Time to Put Phosphate Sensing Back in the Limelight.

Figueres, Lucile / Beck-Cormier, Sarah / Beck, Laurent / Marks, Joanne

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 11

Abstract: Phosphate homeostasis is essential for health and is achieved via interaction between the bone, kidney, small intestine, and parathyroid glands and via intricate processes involving phosphate transporters, phosphate sensors, and circulating hormones. ... ...

Abstract	Phosphate homeostasis is essential for health and is achieved via interaction between the bone, kidney, small intestine, and parathyroid glands and via intricate processes involving phosphate transporters, phosphate sensors, and circulating hormones. Numerous genetic and acquired disorders are associated with disruption in these processes and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The role of the kidney in phosphate homeostasis is well known, although it is recognized that the cellular mechanisms in murine models and humans are different. Intestinal phosphate transport also appears to differ in humans and rodents, with recent studies demonstrating a dominant role for the paracellular pathway. The existence of phosphate sensing has been acknowledged for decades; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. At least three phosphate sensors have emerged. PiT2 and FGFR1c both act as phosphate sensors controlling Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 secretion in bone, whereas the calcium-sensing receptor controls parathyroid hormone secretion in response to extracellular phosphate. All three of the proposed sensors are expressed in the kidney and intestine but their exact function in these organs is unknown. Understanding organ interactions and the mechanisms involved in phosphate sensing requires significant research to develop novel approaches for the treatment of phosphate homeostasis disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Disease Susceptibility ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Organ Specificity ; Phosphate Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Phosphate Transport Proteins ; Phosphates
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22115701
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Article: Stories of hope created together: A pilot, school-based workshop for sharing eco-emotions and creating an actively hopeful vision of the future.

Marks, Elizabeth / Atkins, Ed / Garrett, Joanne K / Abrams, Jesse F / Shackleton, David / Hennessy, Lauren / Mayall, Elouise E / Bennett, James / Leach, Isabel

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1076322

Abstract: The climate and ecological crises challenge all communities across the world, with the greatest impact upon the most vulnerable and the youngest. There are multiple impacts on mental health, including the psychological burdens that arise with increasing ... ...

Abstract	The climate and ecological crises challenge all communities across the world, with the greatest impact upon the most vulnerable and the youngest. There are multiple impacts on mental health, including the psychological burdens that arise with increasing awareness of the loss, threat and injustice caused by these crises. Large numbers of young people globally are understandably concerned and distressed about these crises, whilst simultaneously reporting that their concerns are regularly dismissed and ignored, particularly by those in power. This can increase feelings of isolation and distress, particularly if they have no recourse to effect change. This pilot project sought to explore how a schools-based, co-created workshop for school pupils aged 16 to 18 years could use a community-oriented space to explore their eco-emotions, address feelings of isolation and engender a sense of realistic, active hope, using storytelling and images of possible futures. A 3-h workshop for delivery in schools was co-designed with young people, researchers, educators and clinicians, using principles of Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR). Six school pupils aged 16-18 years consented and four completed the workshop, which involved a range of group-based activities to explore their understanding of the climate and ecological crises, support emotional expression related to these and engage in storytelling about hopeful and realistic futures. A live illustrator in attendance created shared images of the participants' fears and hopes. The workshop was recorded, transcribed and analysed using Thematic Analysis and sentiment analysis. Feedback was sought from participants at 1 and 4 weeks after completion and analysed using content analysis. Results indicated that participants reported a range of painful and positive emotions about the crises. They highly valued having space to express their experience alongside others. Storytelling and creativity appeared to help them articulate their feelings and hopes for the future, and gave them greater motivation and confidence in talking to others about these topics. This innovative pilot study suggests that a school-based youth participatory group could offer a novel way of helping young people to engage more with the climate and ecological crises in a way that supports their wellbeing. It provides strong support for future, larger-scale projects in this area.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1076322
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Article ; Online: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition does not improve the acute pressure natriuresis response in rats with type 1 diabetes.

Jones, Natalie K / Costello, Hannah M / Monaghan, Marie-Louise T / Stewart, Kevin / Binnie, David / Marks, Joanne / Bailey, Matthew A / Culshaw, Geoffrey J

Experimental physiology

2023 Volume 108, Issue 3, Page(s) 480–490

Abstract: New findings: What is the central question of this study? Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with both diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: can SGLT2 inhibition improve renal pressure ... ...

Abstract	New findings: What is the central question of this study? Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with both diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: can SGLT2 inhibition improve renal pressure natriuresis (PN), an important mechanism for long-term blood pressure control, which is impaired in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)? What is the main finding and its importance? The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin did not enhance the acute in vivo PN response in either healthy or T1DM Sprague-Dawley rats. The data suggest that the mechanism underpinning the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on health is unlikely to be due to an enhanced natriuretic response to increased blood pressure. Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leads to serious complications including premature cardiovascular and kidney disease. Hypertension contributes importantly to these adverse outcomes. The renal pressure natriuresis (PN) response, a key regulator of blood pressure (BP), is impaired in rats with T1DM as tubular sodium reabsorption fails to down-regulate with increasing BP. We hypothesised that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which reduce cardiovascular risk in kidney disease, would augment the PN response in T1DM rats. Non-diabetic or T1DM (35-50 mg/kg streptozotocin i.p.) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetised (thiopental 50 mg/kg i.p.) and randomised to receive either dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle. Baseline sodium excretion was measured and then BP was increased by sequential arterial ligations to induce the PN response. In non-diabetic animals, the natriuretic and diuretic responses to increasing BP were not augmented by dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin induced glycosuria, but this was not influenced by BP. In T1DM rats the PN response was impaired. Dapagliflozin again increased urinary glucose excretion but did not enhance PN. Inhibition of SGLT2 does not enhance the PN response in rats, either with or without T1DM. SGLT2 makes only a minor contribution to tubular sodium reabsorption and does not contribute to the impaired PN response in T1DM.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Glucose ; Natriuresis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; dapagliflozin (1ULL0QJ8UC) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Slc5a2 protein, rat
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1016295-1
ISSN	1469-445X ; 0958-0670
ISSN (online)	1469-445X
ISSN	0958-0670
DOI	10.1113/EP090849
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Article ; Online: The Complexities of Organ Crosstalk in Phosphate Homeostasis

Lucile Figueres / Sarah Beck-Cormier / Laurent Beck / Joanne Marks

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5701, p

Time to Put Phosphate Sensing Back in the Limelight

2021 Volume 5701

Abstract	Phosphate homeostasis is essential for health and is achieved via interaction between the bone, kidney, small intestine, and parathyroid glands and via intricate processes involving phosphate transporters, phosphate sensors, and circulating hormones. Numerous genetic and acquired disorders are associated with disruption in these processes and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The role of the kidney in phosphate homeostasis is well known, although it is recognized that the cellular mechanisms in murine models and humans are different. Intestinal phosphate transport also appears to differ in humans and rodents, with recent studies demonstrating a dominant role for the paracellular pathway. The existence of phosphate sensing has been acknowledged for decades; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. At least three phosphate sensors have emerged. PiT2 and FGFR1c both act as phosphate sensors controlling Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 secretion in bone, whereas the calcium-sensing receptor controls parathyroid hormone secretion in response to extracellular phosphate. All three of the proposed sensors are expressed in the kidney and intestine but their exact function in these organs is unknown. Understanding organ interactions and the mechanisms involved in phosphate sensing requires significant research to develop novel approaches for the treatment of phosphate homeostasis disorders.
Keywords	phosphate transporter ; Slc34 ; Slc20 ; phosphate homeostasis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Serum growth factor stability in different eye drop packaging systems during storage.

Tan, Joanne C G / Webb, Rachel G / Marks, Denese C

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2019 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 102608

Abstract: Serum eye drops (SED) have shown beneficial effects in patients suffering from dry eye syndrome and are manufactured for an increasing number of patients in Australia every year. Previous studies have examined the stability of serum growth factors during ...

Abstract	Serum eye drops (SED) have shown beneficial effects in patients suffering from dry eye syndrome and are manufactured for an increasing number of patients in Australia every year. Previous studies have examined the stability of serum growth factors during storage in either experimental vessels not used as the final packaging system or in eye drop bottles. To ensure the quality and safety of SED product manufactured in Australia, the stability of growth factors in serum packaged into two different systems during storage at different temperatures was examined. Healthy blood donors provided a whole blood donation, from which serum was prepared, diluted to 20% and dispensed into either a tube or a vial packaging system. The stability of growth factors, fibronectin and total protein in tube segments was comparable to matched vials samples during storage at -30 °C, 4 °C, 22 °C and 37 °C, with the exception of EGF and fibronectin in 20% SED stored in tube segments, which were more sensitive to storage conditions at 4 °C and 22 °C when compared to vials. Additionally, the growth factor, fibronectin and total protein concentration in both tube segments and vials was stable during storage at -30 °C for at least 9 months. This study highlights the impact of different manufacturing procedures on serum growth factor stability during storage.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood ; Ophthalmic Solutions/chemistry ; Product Packaging/methods
Chemical Substances	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ophthalmic Solutions
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2019.06.032
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Article ; Online: Artificial Sweeteners Disrupt Tight Junctions and Barrier Function in the Intestinal Epithelium through Activation of the Sweet Taste Receptor, T1R3.

Shil, Aparna / Olusanya, Oluwatobi / Ghufoor, Zaynub / Forson, Benjamin / Marks, Joanne / Chichger, Havovi

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 6

Abstract: The breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability can lead to systemic inflammatory diseases and multiple-organ failure. Nutrition impacts the intestinal barrier, with dietary components such as gluten ... ...

Abstract	The breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability can lead to systemic inflammatory diseases and multiple-organ failure. Nutrition impacts the intestinal barrier, with dietary components such as gluten increasing permeability. Artificial sweeteners are increasingly consumed by the general public in a range of foods and drinks. The sweet taste receptor (T1R3) is activated by artificial sweeteners and has been identified in the intestine to play a role in incretin release and glucose transport; however, T1R3 has not been previously linked to intestinal permeability. Here, the intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, was used to study the effect of commonly-consumed artificial sweeteners, sucralose, aspartame and saccharin, on permeability. At high concentrations, aspartame and saccharin were found to induce apoptosis and cell death in intestinal epithelial cells, while at low concentrations, sucralose and aspartame increased epithelial barrier permeability and down-regulated claudin 3 at the cell surface. T1R3 knockdown was found to attenuate these effects of artificial sweeteners. Aspartame induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to cause permeability and claudin 3 internalization, while sweetener-induced permeability and oxidative stress was rescued by the overexpression of claudin 3. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the artificial sweeteners sucralose, aspartame, and saccharin exert a range of negative effects on the intestinal epithelium through the sweet taste receptor T1R3.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Aspartame/administration & dosage ; Caco-2 Cells ; Claudin-3/genetics ; Claudins/genetics ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Permeability/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology ; Sucrose/administration & dosage ; Sucrose/analogs & derivatives ; Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage ; Sweetening Agents/pharmacology ; Tight Junctions/drug effects ; Tight Junctions/physiology
Chemical Substances	CLDN3 protein, human ; Claudin-3 ; Claudins ; Cldn3 protein, mouse ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Sweetening Agents ; claudin 15 ; taste receptors, type 1 ; Sucrose (57-50-1) ; trichlorosucrose (96K6UQ3ZD4) ; Aspartame (Z0H242BBR1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12061862
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