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Article: Optimal lockdowns.

Hebert, David J / Curry, Michael D

2022 Volume 193, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 263–274

Abstract: This paper provides a framework for understanding optimal lockdowns and makes three contributions. First, it theoretically analyzes lockdown policies and argues that policy makers systematically enact too strict lockdowns because their incentives are ... ...

Abstract	This paper provides a framework for understanding optimal lockdowns and makes three contributions. First, it theoretically analyzes lockdown policies and argues that policy makers systematically enact too strict lockdowns because their incentives are misaligned with achieving desired ends and they cannot adapt to changing circumstances. Second, it provides a benchmark to determine how strongly policy makers in different locations should respond to COVID-19. Finally, it provides a framework for understanding how, when, and why lockdown policy is expected to change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1475723-0
ISSN	1573-7101 ; 0048-5829 ; 1941-9716
ISSN (online)	1573-7101
ISSN	0048-5829 ; 1941-9716
DOI	10.1007/s11127-022-00992-4
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Article ; Online: Coilin mediates m6A RNA methylation through phosphorylation of METTL3.

McLaurin, Douglas M / Tucker, Sara K / Hebert, Michael D

Biology open

2023 Volume 12, Issue 12

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. An important step in miRNA biogenesis occurs when primary miRNAs are bound and cleaved by the microprocessor to generate precursor miRNAs. Regulation at this step is ... ...

Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. An important step in miRNA biogenesis occurs when primary miRNAs are bound and cleaved by the microprocessor to generate precursor miRNAs. Regulation at this step is essential and one such regulator includes m6A RNA methylation, an RNA modification found on primary miRNAs that is installed by METTL3 and bound by hnRNPA2B1. Our lab has recently discovered that the Cajal body marker protein coilin also participates in miRNA biogenesis and hypothesized that coilin may be influencing miRNA biogenesis through m6A RNA methylation. Here we report that coilin suppression reduces m6A on primary Let7a and miR-21. We also found that coilin suppression reduced the protein expression of hnRNPA2B1 and METTL3. We observed an interaction between coilin and ectopically expressed METTL3 and found that coilin suppression reduced the nucleoplasmic portion of METTL3 and blunted ectopic METTL3 phosphorylation. Finally, coilin suppression disrupted the greater METTL3 complex with cofactors METTL14 and WTAP. Collectively, our work has uncovered a role for coilin in mediating m6A RNA methylation and provides an avenue by which coilin participates in miRNA biogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Methylation ; Phosphorylation ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Cell Nucleus
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2632264-X
ISSN	2046-6390 ; 2046-6390
ISSN (online)	2046-6390
ISSN	2046-6390
DOI	10.1242/bio.060116
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Article: Description of

Sharkey, Michael J / Baker, Austin / Manjunath, Ramya / Hebert, Paul D N

ZooKeys

2022 Volume 1099, Page(s) 57–86

Abstract: The Neotropical members formerly included ... ...

Abstract	The Neotropical members formerly included in
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2445640-8
ISSN	1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
ISSN (online)	1313-2970
ISSN	1313-2989
DOI	10.3897/zookeys.1099.81473
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Article ; Online: Coilin mediates m6A RNA methylation through phosphorylation of METTL3

Douglas M. McLaurin / Sara K. Tucker / Michael D. Hebert

Biology Open, Vol 12, Iss

2023 Volume 12

Keywords	cajal body ; coilin ; mettl3 ; methylation ; microrna ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Company of Biologists
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Relationship between Non-Energy-Adjusted and Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Healthy Eating Index-2015: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018.

DiNatale, Janie C / Azarmanesh, Deniz / Hébert, James R / Wirth, Michael D / Pearlman, Jessica / Crowe-White, Kristi M

Annals of medicine

2023 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 2236551

Abstract: Objectives: Acknowledging the association between diet and systemic inflammation, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII: Methods: This cross-sectional secondary data analysis included 5289 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Acknowledging the association between diet and systemic inflammation, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII Methods: This cross-sectional secondary data analysis included 5289 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2015 and 2018. DII and E-DII scores were calculated and grouped into quartiles. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between HEI with DII and E-DII separately, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, family-to-poverty ratio and body mass index. Bootstrap methods were used to estimate the difference between coefficients for E-DII and DII from their respective models. Results: Results suggest that HEI scores were significantly lower between quartile 2 and quartile 1 of DII scores (Q2 vs. Q1: Conclusions: Use of an inflammatory index along with the HEI may provide further understanding into relationships between dietary quality by nutrient and food group consumption on the inflammatory potential of the diet.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Diet, Healthy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Body Mass Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1004226-x
ISSN	1365-2060 ; 1651-2219 ; 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
ISSN (online)	1365-2060 ; 1651-2219
ISSN	0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
DOI	10.1080/07853890.2023.2236551
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Article: The IMAGINE Intervention: Impacting Physical Activity, Body Fat, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Inflammatory Index.

Bernhart, John A / Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle M / Wirth, Michael D / Shivappa, Nitin / Hébert, James R

Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine

2022 Volume 7, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Many behavior-change interventions focused on nutrition and physical activity (PA) have been implemented to prevent disease and promote optimal health.: Purpose: This study examined changes in PA with Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many behavior-change interventions focused on nutrition and physical activity (PA) have been implemented to prevent disease and promote optimal health. Purpose: This study examined changes in PA with Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) and chronic disease risk factors in participants of a multicomponent intervention. Methods: Data from the Inflammation Management Intervention (IMAGINE) were used. Participants self-selected into the intervention or control group. At baseline and 12 weeks (post-intervention), participants completed three unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR), anthropometric measures (height, weight), and a dual x-ray absorptiometry scan. PA was measured using Sensewear Results: Intervention participants increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and lowered BMI, total body fat, and E-DII scores compared to controls. Every 10-minute increase in post-intervention MVPA was associated with 1.6 kg/m Conclusion: Participants who changed dietary intake changed PA. While changes were in expected directions, this intervention's emphasis on dietary behaviors compared to PA may have attenuated the relationship between PA and study outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2379-2868
ISSN	2379-2868
DOI	10.1249/tjx.0000000000000181
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Article ; Online: Exploring the potential utility of AI large language models for medical ethics: an expert panel evaluation of GPT-4.

Balas, Michael / Wadden, Jordan Joseph / Hébert, Philip C / Mathison, Eric / Warren, Marika D / Seavilleklein, Victoria / Wyzynski, Daniel / Callahan, Alison / Crawford, Sean A / Arjmand, Parnian / Ing, Edsel B

Journal of medical ethics

2024 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 90–96

Abstract: Integrating large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into medical ethics is a novel concept, and understanding the effectiveness of these models in aiding ethicists with decision-making can have significant implications for the healthcare sector. Thus, ... ...

Abstract	Integrating large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into medical ethics is a novel concept, and understanding the effectiveness of these models in aiding ethicists with decision-making can have significant implications for the healthcare sector. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of GPT-4 in responding to complex medical ethical vignettes and to gauge its utility and limitations for aiding medical ethicists. Using a mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey approach, a panel of six ethicists assessed LLM-generated responses to eight ethical vignettes.The main outcomes measured were relevance, reasoning, depth, technical and non-technical clarity, as well as acceptability of GPT-4's responses. The readability of the responses was also assessed. Of the six metrics evaluating the effectiveness of GPT-4's responses, the overall mean score was 4.1/5. GPT-4 was rated highest in providing technical (4.7/5) and non-technical clarity (4.4/5), whereas the lowest rated metrics were depth (3.8/5) and acceptability (3.8/5). There was poor-to-moderate inter-rater reliability characterised by an intraclass coefficient of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.71). Based on panellist feedback, GPT-4 was able to identify and articulate key ethical issues but struggled to appreciate the nuanced aspects of ethical dilemmas and misapplied certain moral principles.This study reveals limitations in the ability of GPT-4 to appreciate the depth and nuanced acceptability of real-world ethical dilemmas, particularly those that require a thorough understanding of relational complexities and context-specific values. Ongoing evaluation of LLM capabilities within medical ethics remains paramount, and further refinement is needed before it can be used effectively in clinical settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ethics, Medical ; Ethicists ; Problem Solving
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	194927-5
ISSN	1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
ISSN (online)	1473-4257
ISSN	0306-6800
DOI	10.1136/jme-2023-109549
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Article ; Online: Dietary Inflammatory Index and Fractures in Midlife Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Shieh, Albert / Karlamangla, Arun S / Huang, Mei-Hua / Shivappa, Nitin / Wirth, Michael D / Hébert, James R / Greendale, Gail A

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 108, Issue 8, Page(s) e594–e602

Abstract: Context: While evidence suggests that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, the potential relation between an inflammatory dietary profile and greater fracture risk is uncertain.: Objective: We examined whether ...

Abstract	Context: While evidence suggests that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, the potential relation between an inflammatory dietary profile and greater fracture risk is uncertain. Objective: We examined whether a more inflammatory diet, consumed during pre- and early perimenopause, is associated with more incident fractures starting in the menopause transition (MT) and continuing into postmenopause. Methods: Dietary inflammatory potential was quantified using 2 energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index scores: one for diet only (E-DII), and one for diet plus supplements (E-DII-S). We included 1559 women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, with E-DII and E-DII-S scores from the baseline visit (during pre- or early perimenopausal), and up to 20 years of follow-up. We excluded women using bone-beneficial medications at baseline; subsequent initiators were censored at first use. The associations of E-DII or E-DII-S (each tested as separate exposures) with incident fracture were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Adjusted for age, BMI, cigarette use, diabetes, MT stage, race/ethnicity, prior fracture, bone-detrimental medication use, aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and study site, greater E-DII and E-DII-S (tested separately) were associated with more future fractures. Each SD increment in E-DII and E-DII-S predicted 28% (P = .005) and 21% (P = .02) greater fracture hazard, respectively. Associations were essentially unchanged after controlling for bone mineral density. Conclusion: A more pro-inflammatory diet in pre- and early perimenopause is a risk factor for incident fracture. Future studies should consider whether reducing dietary inflammation in midlife diminishes fracture risk.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Diet ; Women's Health ; Risk Factors ; Inflammation/epidemiology ; Inflammation/etiology ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad051
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Article ; Online: Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated With Diet-related Inflammation and Physical Activity in the IBD Partners E-cohort.

DuBois, Kelli E / Blake, Christine E / Rudisill, Caroline / Harrison, Sayward E / Wirth, Michael D / Hébert, James R

Inflammatory bowel diseases

2023 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 273–280

Abstract: Background: Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) seek complementary treatment methods, including diet and physical activity, to manage the burden of living with UC. This study examined associations between diet-associated inflammation, physical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) seek complementary treatment methods, including diet and physical activity, to manage the burden of living with UC. This study examined associations between diet-associated inflammation, physical activity (PA), and UC-related health outcomes. Methods: Data were obtained from 2052 IBD Partners e-cohort participants with UC. To quantify the inflammatory potential of food intake, dietary data were converted into Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and energy adjusted (E-DII) scores. Physical activity data were collected using the Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Activity Index. Outcome variables included the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, and psychosocial PROMIS domains. Results: Higher E-DII scores, as indicator of increased dietary inflammatory potential, were associated with increased disease activity (β = 0.166; P < .001), anxiety (β = 0.342; P = .006), depression (β = 0.408; P = .004), fatigue (β = 0.386; P = .005), sleep disturbance (β = 0.339; P = .003), and decreased social satisfaction (β = -0.370; P = .004) and quality of life (β = -0.056; P < .001). Physical activity was inversely associated with disease activity (β = -0.108; P < .001), anxiety (β = -0.025; P = .001), depression (β = -0.025; P = .001), fatigue (β = -0.058; P < .001), and sleep disturbance (β = -0.019; P = .008), while positively associated with social satisfaction (β = 0.063; P < .001) and quality of life (β = 0.005; P < .001). Beneficial effects were generally greater for strenuous PA intensity. Conclusions: An anti-inflammatory diet and increased PA are associated with decreased disease activity, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and fatigue, and associated with improved quality of life, sleep, and social satisfaction for patients with UC. Such modalities may reduce the daily burden of illness and aid in managing systemic and localized inflammation associated with UC.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colitis, Ulcerative/complications ; Quality of Life ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Diet/adverse effects ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications ; Fatigue/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1340971-2
ISSN	1536-4844 ; 1078-0998
ISSN (online)	1536-4844
ISSN	1078-0998
DOI	10.1093/ibd/izad139
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Article ; Online: Racial and ethnic differences in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus among adults taking antidiabetic medication.

Berg, Kristen A / Bharmal, Nazleen / Tereshchenko, Larisa G / Le, Phuc / Payne, Julia Y / Misra-Hebert, Anita D / Rothberg, Michael B

Primary care diabetes

2024

Abstract: Aim: To examine whether racial and ethnic disparities in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) persist among those taking medication and after accounting for other demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators.: Methods: Adults aged ≥20 ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To examine whether racial and ethnic disparities in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) persist among those taking medication and after accounting for other demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators. Methods: Adults aged ≥20 years with T2DM using prescription diabetes medication were among participants assessed in a retrospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. We estimated weighted sequential multivariable logistic regression models to predict odds of uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 8%) from racial and ethnic identity, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators. Results: Of 3649 individuals with T2DM who reported taking medication, 27.4% had uncontrolled T2DM (mean HgA1c 9.6%). Those with uncontrolled diabetes had a mean BMI of 33.8, age of 57.3, and most were non-Hispanic white (54%), followed by 17% non-Hispanic Black, and 20% Hispanic identity. In multivariable analyses, odds of uncontrolled T2DM among those with Black or Hispanic identities lessened, but persisted, after accounting for other indicators (Black OR 1.38, 97.5% CI: 1.04, 1.83; Hispanic OR 1.79, 97.5% CI 1.25, 2.57). Conclusions: Racial and ethnic disparities in T2DM control persisted among individuals taking medication. Future research might focus on developmental and epigenetic pathways of disparate T2DM control across racially and ethnically minoritized populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273997-X
ISSN	1878-0210 ; 1751-9918
ISSN (online)	1878-0210
ISSN	1751-9918
DOI	10.1016/j.pcd.2024.02.004
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