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Article: Overview of

Chakkour, Mohamed / Hammoud, Zeinab / Farhat, Solay / El Roz, Ali / Ezzeddine, Zeinab / Ghssein, Ghassan

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1383618

Abstract: ... Proteus ... ...

Abstract	Proteus mirabilis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383618
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Article ; Online: On the Decision Boundaries of Neural Networks: A Tropical Geometry Perspective.

Alfarra, Motasem / Bibi, Adel / Hammoud, Hasan / Gaafar, Mohamed / Ghanem, Bernard

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence

2023 Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 5027–5037

Abstract: This work tackles the problem of characterizing and understanding the decision boundaries of neural networks with piecewise linear non-linearity activations. We use tropical geometry, a new development in the area of algebraic geometry, to characterize ... ...

Abstract	This work tackles the problem of characterizing and understanding the decision boundaries of neural networks with piecewise linear non-linearity activations. We use tropical geometry, a new development in the area of algebraic geometry, to characterize the decision boundaries of a simple network of the form (Affine, ReLU, Affine). Our main finding is that the decision boundaries are a subset of a tropical hypersurface, which is intimately related to a polytope formed by the convex hull of two zonotopes. The generators of these zonotopes are functions of the network parameters. This geometric characterization provides new perspectives to three tasks. (i) We propose a new tropical perspective to the lottery ticket hypothesis, where we view the effect of different initializations on the tropical geometric representation of a network's decision boundaries. (ii) Moreover, we propose new tropical based optimization reformulations that directly influence the decision boundaries of the network for the task of network pruning. (iii) At last, we discuss the reformulation of the generation of adversarial attacks in a tropical sense. We demonstrate that one can construct adversaries in a new tropical setting by perturbing a specific set of decision boundaries by perturbing a set of parameters in the network.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1939-3539
ISSN (online)	1939-3539
DOI	10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3201490
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Article ; Online: Hiding in plain sight: highlighting the research gap on access to HIV and other sexual health services for underrepresented gay men in developed Western countries - insights from a scoping review with a focus on Arab men.

Saliba, Bernard / Kang, Melissa / Wells, Nathanael / Mao, Limin / Prestage, Garrett / Hammoud, Mohamed A

Sexual health

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) NULL

Abstract: Background: Strategies pertaining to HIV and sexual health for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have shifted focus towards underrepresented subgroups within some developed Western countries. Although emerging research exists on ...

Abstract	Background: Strategies pertaining to HIV and sexual health for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have shifted focus towards underrepresented subgroups within some developed Western countries. Although emerging research exists on some subgroups, limited attention has been given to the needs of Arab GBMSM in these contexts. Considering they are part of a large diaspora, understanding their access to services is crucial. This paper focuses on Arab GBMSM as a case study within a scoping review, highlighting their hidden status within the broader landscape of HIV and sexual health research for GBMSM in the West. Methods: A multi-method search strategy was employed, including searching four electronic databases using several terms within each of the following search topics: Arab, GBMSM, HIV and other sexual health services, and developed Western countries. Results: Of the 384 articles found, only one addressed the research question and met the inclusion criteria, revealing a stark scarcity of research on access to HIV and sexual health services for this population. Conclusions: This review highlights a paucity of research on access to HIV and sexual health services for underrepresented GBMSM populations in developed Western countries. The literature indicates that, for Arab men, this may be due to a difficulty in participant recruitment and poor data collection efforts. By focusing on one hidden population, we aim to advocate for inclusive policies and interventions that promote equitable sexual health access for all. Addressing this research gap aligns with broader local and global HIV strategies to reduce disparities among underrepresented GBMSM populations.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Homosexuality, Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; HIV Infections ; Evidence Gaps ; Arabs ; Sexual Behavior ; Health Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2256731-8
ISSN	1449-8987 ; 1448-5028
ISSN (online)	1449-8987
ISSN	1448-5028
DOI	10.1071/SH23131
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Article ; Online: Perceived risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Australia.

Gahan, Luke / Seed, Clive R / Hammoud, Mohamed A / Prestage, Garrett / Hoad, Veronica C / Kaldor, John M

Transfusion

2023 Volume 63, Issue 8, Page(s) 1528–1537

Abstract: Background: In Australia, men who have sex with men (MSM) are deferred from blood donation for 3 months from last sexual contact. Internationally, deferral policies for MSM are evolving in the direction of expanded inclusivity in response to community ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Australia, men who have sex with men (MSM) are deferred from blood donation for 3 months from last sexual contact. Internationally, deferral policies for MSM are evolving in the direction of expanded inclusivity in response to community expectations. To inform future policy options, we assessed perceptions of the risk of HIV transmission from blood transfusion among Australian MSM. Study design and methods: Flux is an online prospective cohort of Australian gay and bisexual men (cis or trans, regardless of their sexual history) and other men who have had sex with men (gbMSM). We included questions on blood donation rules, window period (WP) duration, infectivity of blood from people with HIV on treatment and attitudes to more detailed questioning of sexual practices in the regular survey of Flux participants and conducted a descriptive analysis of responses. Results: Of 716 Flux participants in 2019, 703 responded to the blood donation questions. The mean age was 43.7 years (SD 13.6 years). Overall, 74% were willing to confidentially respond to specific sexual behavior questions, such as the last time they had sex and the type of sex they had, in order to be considered eligible to donate blood. The majority (92%) of participants correctly assessed the duration of the WP as less than 1 month. When asked whether transfusion of blood from a donor with HIV and an undetectable viral load could transmit HIV, just under half (48%) correctly said yes. Conclusion: Our study suggests Australian gbMSM are generally comfortable with answering more detailed questions regarding sexual activity during the assessment to donate, indicating they would do so honestly. gbMSM are knowledgeable about the WP duration, important for their ability to correctly self-assess their HIV risk. However, half of participants incorrectly assessed the transmissibility by blood transfusion from an HIV positive person with an undetectable viral load, suggesting the need for a targeted education campaign.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Homosexuality, Male ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Australia/epidemiology ; Sexual Behavior ; Blood Transfusion
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.17456
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Article: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sprayed Ag-Doped Quaternary Cu

Hammoud, Amal / Souli, Mehdi / Diouani, Mohamed Fethi / Alhalaili, Badriyah / Vidu, Ruxandra / Kamoun-Turki, Najoua

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 19

Abstract: In this work, the effects of silver doping with different Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios (i.e., 2%, 5% and 10% at.% in the spray solution) on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties of ... ...

Abstract	In this work, the effects of silver doping with different Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios (i.e., 2%, 5% and 10% at.% in the spray solution) on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties of Cu
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano12193459
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Article ; Online: Individual level peer interventions for gay and bisexual men who have sex with men between 2000 and 2020: A scoping review.

Freestone, Jack / Siefried, Krista Joy / Prestage, Garrett / Hammoud, Mohamed / Molyneux, Angus / Bourne, Adam

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0270649

Abstract: Background: Peer-led interventions are central to the global HIV response for gay and bisexual men who have sex with men [GBMSM]. Since the year 2000, technological advancements in HIV and an increased response to the health disparities faced by GBMSM ... ...

Abstract	Background: Peer-led interventions are central to the global HIV response for gay and bisexual men who have sex with men [GBMSM]. Since the year 2000, technological advancements in HIV and an increased response to the health disparities faced by GBMSM outside of HIV, have contributed to the expanding scope of their content and delivery. This review sets out to characterise the evidence base for individual level peer interventions for GBMSM, overview approaches to implementing and evaluating them and identify future priorities for their delivery and evaluation. Methods: A scoping review methodology was applied and evaluations of peer programs for GBMSM published in peer reviewed journals were identified via subject heading and keyword searches across five electronic databases. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, and full texts were assessed against eligibility criteria. A coding framework was used to extract data from included studies against intervention implementation and evaluation components. Results: A total of 38 studies evaluating peer led interventions against effectiveness outcomes were deemed eligible for inclusion and coded into four intervention modalities; peer counselling [n = 6], groupwork programs [n = 15], peer navigation [n = 7] and peer education [n = 10]. Most addressed HIV [n = 32] and across intervention modalities, evaluations demonstrated compelling evidence of significant effect. Intervention effects on broader indicators of psychosocial wellbeing were not extensively evaluated. Expertise regarding the implementation and evaluation of peer interventions addressing HIV among GBMSM ought to be leveraged to expand the scope of peer intervention to meet the diverse health and wellbeing needs of GBMSM.
MeSH term(s)	Bisexuality/psychology ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270649
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Article ; Online: The foot external rotation above-knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial.

Hegazy, Mohamed / El Barbary, Hassan / Hammoud, M / Arafa, Amr / Mohamed, Mohamed Tageldeen / Barakat, Ahmed Samir / Afifi, Ahmed

International orthopaedics

2021 Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 313–319

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the foot external rotation above-knee (FERAK) brace and the Denis Browne boot (DBB) brace in terms of relapse prevention and parents' compliance after successful correction with Ponseti casting.: Methods: A single-centre, ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare the foot external rotation above-knee (FERAK) brace and the Denis Browne boot (DBB) brace in terms of relapse prevention and parents' compliance after successful correction with Ponseti casting. Methods: A single-centre, randomized controlled study was conducted between 2016 and 2020. A total of 60 feet in 38 patients with idiopathic clubfoot initially corrected with the Ponseti method were included. They were randomized into two equal groups: the FERAK group and the DBB group. The primary outcome was the efficacy in maintaining correction measured by the Pirani score. The secondary outcomes were parents' compliance and complications (e.g., relapses, skin complications). Results: The follow-up period was 24 months for each patient. The mean final Pirani score was 0.42 ± 0.76 in the FERAK group and 0.57 ± 0.82 in the DBB group. This difference was statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.411). Regarding parents' compliance in the FERAK group, 86.7% of parents had good and intermediate compliance while 13.3% had bad compliance. In the DBB group, 66.7% had good and intermediate compliance while 33.3% had bad compliance. This difference was also statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.118). Conclusion: Both braces achieved good comparable outcomes after Ponseti casting. However, the FERAK brace yielded slightly better parents' compliance with a less recurrence rate.
MeSH term(s)	Braces ; Casts, Surgical/adverse effects ; Clubfoot/therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Orthoses ; Humans ; Infant ; Patient Compliance ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80384-4
ISSN	1432-5195 ; 0341-2695
ISSN (online)	1432-5195
ISSN	0341-2695
DOI	10.1007/s00264-021-05107-0
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Article: Acute Upper Airway Obstruction Due to Massive Cervical Subcutaneous Emphysema: A Case Report.

Hammoud, Rani / Emam, Fatima / Mohamed, Suzan / Abdulkarim, Hassanin

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e34420

Abstract: With upper airway obstruction being an emergency, a high index of suspicion and proper and timely treatment planning are crucial to the patient's life. Spontaneous esophageal perforation, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, has been observed to cause ... ...

Abstract	With upper airway obstruction being an emergency, a high index of suspicion and proper and timely treatment planning are crucial to the patient's life. Spontaneous esophageal perforation, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, has been observed to cause subcutaneous emphysema; however, airway compromise secondary to subcutaneous emphysema is extremely rare when there is no associated broncho-tracheal injury. Here, we present a case of esophageal perforation complicated with cervical emphysema that led to acute airway obstruction requiring invasive ventilation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.34420
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Article ; Online: Understandings, attitudes, practices and responses to GHB overdose among GHB consumers.

Freestone, Jack / Ezard, Nadine / Bourne, Adam / Brett, Jonathan / Roberts, Darren M / Hammoud, Mohamed / Nedanoski, Anthony / Prestage, Garrett / Siefried, Krista J

Harm reduction journal

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 121

Abstract: Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used at disproportionately high rates within sexuality and gender diverse communities and carries a high risk of overdose. GHB overdose can result in death. Internationally, recent increases in GHB overdoses ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used at disproportionately high rates within sexuality and gender diverse communities and carries a high risk of overdose. GHB overdose can result in death. Internationally, recent increases in GHB overdoses have been observed. Coronial reviews of GHB-related death highlight the pivotal roles that bystanders to GHB overdose play in preventing fatality. No research has examined, in detail, how bystanders respond to GHB overdose. This qualitative study was conducted among people who use GHB and explored how they responded upon witnessing a GHB overdose experienced by someone else. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 31 sexuality and gender diverse Australian residents reporting three or more occasions of GHB use in the previous 12 months. Participants were asked questions about witnessed GHB overdose, their actions and decision-making processes throughout overdose. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Participants described witnessing GHB overdose, commonly in private settings involving sexualized GHB use. Variable definitions of GHB overdose were reported, ranging from GHB-induced symptoms of distress to comatose intoxication. Drastic actions to keep someone alert and responsive post-GHB ingestion were reported; these included the administration of stimulant substances and citrus. Decisions to call or not call for emergency medical services (EMS) were influenced by many circumstantial variables. In most instances, an EMS call was resisted and response practices deviated from established first aid protocols. Conclusions: GHB overdose prevention and response training programs targeting people who use GHB are urgently required. These education interventions ought to address inaccuracies that inform street remedies for GHB overdose, teach people how to safely check breathing and response, promote basic first aid principles and address barriers to contacting EMS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sodium Oxybate ; Australia ; Drug Overdose/prevention & control ; Mental Disorders ; Attitude
Chemical Substances	Sodium Oxybate (7G33012534)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2146691-9
ISSN	1477-7517 ; 1477-7517
ISSN (online)	1477-7517
ISSN	1477-7517
DOI	10.1186/s12954-023-00857-z
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Article: Reasons for not Using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Mixed-Methods Analyses from a National, Online, Observational Study.

Philpot, Steven P / Prestage, Garrett / Holt, Martin / Maher, Lisa / Haire, Bridget / Bourne, Adam / Hammoud, Mohamed A

Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)

2022 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–282

Abstract: Although approximately 31,000 Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM) are eligible for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), only 18,500 people currently use it, indicating a need to investigate why GBM do not use it. This article uses data from a national, ...

Abstract	Although approximately 31,000 Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM) are eligible for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), only 18,500 people currently use it, indicating a need to investigate why GBM do not use it. This article uses data from a national, online, observational study. It adopts a mixed-methods analysis to responses to survey questions asking about reasons Australian GBM were not using PrEP in 2018, according to their level of HIV risk as delineated by the Australian PrEP prescribing guidelines at the time. Participants responded to check-box questions and had the option to respond to a qualitative free-text question. Results showed that just over one-fifth of men were at higher risk of HIV acquisition. Compared to lower-risk men, higher-risk men were more likely to indicate PrEP was too expensive and more likely to cite embarrassment asking for it. Reasons for not using PrEP included a lack of personal relevance, poor accessibility or knowledge, concerns about PrEP's inability to protect against STIs, potential side effects, and a preference for condoms. We conclude that health promotion more effectively targeting GBM who may benefit the most from PrEP may be valuable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	623101-9
ISSN	0896-4289
ISSN	0896-4289
DOI	10.1080/08964289.2022.2033159
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