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  1. Book ; Online: Sex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children

    Thomas, Hoben

    A Heterodoxical Model

    (Monographs in the Psychology of Education)

    2024  

    Series title Monographs in the Psychology of Education
    Keywords Educational psychology ; Child & developmental psychology ; Clinical psychology ; Teacher training ; Public health & preventive medicine ; Gender gap, math, reading, test scores ; Genetics, test score differences, math, reading ; Math, reading, model applications ; Math, sex differences, test scores ; Probability mixture model, test score differences, boys, girls ; Standardized testing, math, reading, boys, girls ; Testing literature, math, reading, sex differences ; Achievement tests, math, reading, boys, girls ; Finite mixture models, test score differences, boys, girls ; Math test score differences, boys, girls ; Standard deviations, test scores, boys, girls ; Test scores, sex differences, boys, girls
    Language English
    Size 1 electronic resource (108 pages)
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030610970
    ISBN 9783031412714 ; 3031412710
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Book ; Online: Sex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children

    Thomas, Hoben

    A Heterodoxical Model

    (Monographs in the Psychology of Education)

    2024  

    Author's details by Hoben Thomas
    Series title Monographs in the Psychology of Education
    Keywords Educational psychology ; School Psychology ; Social psychiatry ; Teachers/Training of ; Developmental psychology ; Public health
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 108 p. 24 illus., 23 illus. in color)
    Edition 1st ed. 2024
    Publisher Springer Nature Switzerland ; Imprint: Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online
    HBZ-ID HT030390016
    ISBN 978-3-031-41272-1 ; 9783031412714 ; 9783031412738 ; 9783031412745 ; 3-031-41272-9 ; 3031412710 ; 3031412737 ; 3031412745
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-41272-1
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: Detection of abdominopelvic lymph nodes in multi-parametric MRI.

    Mathai, Tejas Sudharshan / Shen, Thomas C / Elton, Daniel C / Lee, Sungwon / Lu, Zhiyong / Summers, Ronald M

    Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society

    2024  Volume 114, Page(s) 102363

    Abstract: Reliable localization of lymph nodes (LNs) in multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) studies plays a major role in the assessment of lymphadenopathy and staging of metastatic disease. Radiologists routinely measure the nodal size in order to distinguish benign ... ...

    Abstract Reliable localization of lymph nodes (LNs) in multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) studies plays a major role in the assessment of lymphadenopathy and staging of metastatic disease. Radiologists routinely measure the nodal size in order to distinguish benign from malignant nodes, which require subsequent cancer staging. However, identification of lymph nodes is a cumbersome task due to their myriad appearances in mpMRI studies. Multiple sequences are acquired in mpMRI studies, including T2 fat suppressed (T2FS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences among others; consequently, the sizing of LNs is rendered challenging due to the variety of signal intensities in these sequences. Furthermore, radiologists can miss potentially metastatic LNs during a busy clinical day. To lighten these imaging and workflow challenges, we propose a computer-aided detection (CAD) pipeline to detect both benign and malignant LNs in the body for their subsequent measurement. We employed the recently proposed Dynamic Head (DyHead) neural network to detect LNs in mpMRI studies that were acquired using a variety of scanners and exam protocols. The T2FS and DWI series were co-registered, and a selective augmentation technique called Intra-Label LISA (ILL) was used to blend the two volumes with the interpolation factor drawn from a Beta distribution. In this way, ILL diversified the samples that the model encountered during the training phase, while the requirement for both sequences to be present at test time was nullified. Our results showed a mean average precision (mAP) of 53.5% and a sensitivity of ∼78% with ILL at 4 FP/vol. This corresponded to an improvement of ≥10% in mAP and ≥12% in sensitivity at 4FP (p ¡ 0.05) respectively over current LN detection approaches evaluated on the same dataset. We also established the out-of-distribution robustness of the DyHead model by training it on data acquired by a Siemens Aera scanner and testing it on data from the Siemens Verio, Siemens Biograph mMR, and Philips Achieva scanners. Our pilot work represents an important first step towards automated detection, segmentation, and classification of lymph nodes in mpMRI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639451-6
    ISSN 1879-0771 ; 0895-6111
    ISSN (online) 1879-0771
    ISSN 0895-6111
    DOI 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2024.102363
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: High carrier frequency of CYP21A2 gene mutations in Southern India - underscoring the need for genetic testing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

    Ravichandran, Lavanya / Paul, Shriti / A, Rekha / Hs, Asha / Mathai, Sarah / Simon, Anna / Danda, Sumita / Thomas, Nihal / Chapla, Aaron

    Endocrine

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the highly prevalent autosomal recessive endocrine disorders. The majority of CAH cases result from mutations in the CYP21A2 gene, leading to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. However, with the pseudogene- ...

    Abstract Purpose: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the highly prevalent autosomal recessive endocrine disorders. The majority of CAH cases result from mutations in the CYP21A2 gene, leading to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. However, with the pseudogene-associated challenges in CYP21A2 gene analysis, routine genetic diagnostics and carrier screening in CAH are not a part of the first-tier investigations in a clinical setting. Furthermore, there is a lack of data on the carrier frequency for 21-OH deficiency. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the carrier frequency of common pseudogene derived CYP21A2 mutations in Southern India.
    Methods: Recently, a cost-effective Allele-specific PCR based genotyping for CYP21A2 hotspot mutations has been demonstrated to be a highly specific and sensitive assay at the authors' center. Leveraging this approach, a total of 1034 healthy individuals from South India underwent screening to identify the carrier frequency of nine hotspot mutations in the CYP21A2 gene.
    Results: In this study, it was observed that 9.76% of the subjects were carriers for one or more of the nine different CYP21A2 mutations. Among the carriers, the most common was the large 30 kb deletion, followed by II72N, E6 CLUS, and I2G mutations.
    Conclusion: We have identified a high prevalence of CYP21A2 mutation carriers in Southern India. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing and expanding cost-effective genetic diagnostics and carrier screening throughout India. Such initiatives would play a crucial role in managing the disease burden, enabling early intervention, and establishing guidelines for CAH newborn genetic screening in the country. This study represents the first carrier screening data on CYP21A2 hotspot mutations from India and is the largest study conducted till date in this context.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1194484-5
    ISSN 1559-0100 ; 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
    ISSN (online) 1559-0100
    ISSN 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
    DOI 10.1007/s12020-024-03747-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Confounding factors need to be accounted for in assessing bias by machine learning algorithms.

    Mukherjee, Pritam / Shen, Thomas C / Liu, Jianfei / Mathai, Tejas / Shafaat, Omid / Summers, Ronald M

    Nature medicine

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 1159–1160

    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Bias ; Machine Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-022-01847-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Peer-Facilitated Decision Making in Mental Health: Promises, Pitfalls, and Recommendations for Research and Practice.

    Thomas, Elizabeth C / Simmons, Magenta B / Mathai, Chacku / Salzer, Mark S

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2022  Volume 74, Issue 4, Page(s) 401–406

    Abstract: Recognition has grown that peer support workers serve an important role in facilitating decision making about treatment and recovery among people with mental health conditions. This article provides examples of peer-facilitated decision support ... ...

    Abstract Recognition has grown that peer support workers serve an important role in facilitating decision making about treatment and recovery among people with mental health conditions. This article provides examples of peer-facilitated decision support interventions in the literature, discusses promises and potential pitfalls associated with peers serving in decision support roles, and offers recommendations for research and practice. Examples were selected from the literature on decision support interventions for people with serious mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Promises, pitfalls, and recommendations were informed by this research and by the literature on lived experience perspectives, the helper-therapy principle, and reported barriers to and facilitators of peers assisting with decision making. According to the included studies, peers may facilitate decision making in several ways (e.g., by asking service users about their goals or preferences, assisting them with using decision support tools, sharing stories, and facilitating access to information and resources). Peer-facilitated decision support may be associated with positive decision making and health outcomes for service users and peer support workers. However, providers need to carefully consider barriers to implementation of this support, such as inadequate resourcing, poor integration, and compromising of peer support values.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mental Health ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Peer Group ; Schizophrenia ; Bipolar Disorder/therapy ; Decision Making
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.20220086
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Universal detection and segmentation of lymph nodes in multi-parametric MRI.

    Mathai, Tejas Sudharshan / Lee, Sungwon / Shen, Thomas C / Elton, Daniel / Lu, Zhiyong / Summers, Ronald M

    International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 163–170

    Abstract: Purpose: Reliable measurement of lymph nodes (LNs) in multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) studies of the body plays a major role in the assessment of lymphadenopathy and staging of metastatic disease. Previous approaches do not adequately exploit the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Reliable measurement of lymph nodes (LNs) in multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) studies of the body plays a major role in the assessment of lymphadenopathy and staging of metastatic disease. Previous approaches do not adequately exploit the complementary sequences in mpMRI to universally detect and segment lymph nodes, and they have shown fairly limited performance.
    Methods: We propose a computer-aided detection and segmentation pipeline to leverage the T2 fat-suppressed (T2FS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) series from a mpMRI study. The T2FS and DWI series in 38 studies (38 patients) were co-registered and blended together using a selective data augmentation technique, such that traits of both series were visible in the same volume. A mask RCNN model was subsequently trained for universal detection and segmentation of 3D LNs.
    Results: Experiments on 18 test mpMRI studies revealed that the proposed pipeline achieved a precision of [Formula: see text]%, sensitivity of [Formula: see text]% at 4 false positives (FP) per volume, and dice score of [Formula: see text]%. This represented an improvement of [Formula: see text]% in precision, [Formula: see text]% in sensitivity at 4 FP/volume, and [Formula: see text]% in dice score, respectively, over current approaches evaluated on the same dataset.
    Conclusion: Our pipeline universally detected and segmented both metastatic and non-metastatic nodes in mpMRI studies. At test time, the input data used by the trained model could either be the T2FS series alone or a blend of co-registered T2FS and DWI series. Contrary to prior work, this eliminated the reliance on both the T2FS and DWI series in a mpMRI study.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Lymph Nodes/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2365628-1
    ISSN 1861-6429 ; 1861-6410
    ISSN (online) 1861-6429
    ISSN 1861-6410
    DOI 10.1007/s11548-023-02954-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Can we predict urethral length of boys? - An observational study.

    Sreekanth, K T / Thomas, John K / Babu, Malavika / Jacob, Tarun John / Mathai, John

    Journal of pediatric urology

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 620.e1–620.e6

    Abstract: Introduction: An additional knowledge about normal anatomy of urethra in boys can improve clinical outcome of any urological interventions. This will also reduce catheter related complications like intra vesical knotting and urethral injuries. At ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: An additional knowledge about normal anatomy of urethra in boys can improve clinical outcome of any urological interventions. This will also reduce catheter related complications like intra vesical knotting and urethral injuries. At present there is no systematic data available which has studied the urethral length of boys. We have done this study to analyse the length of urethra in boys.
    Aim: The aim of the study is to measure the urethral length in Indian children from the age of 1 year till 15 years and plot a nomogram. Furthermore to analyse the influence of anthropometry on urethral length and derived a formula to predict the urethral length in boys.
    Study design: This is a single institution prospective observational study. After obtaining clearance from the institutional review board, a total of 180 children from the age of 1-15 were recruited for the study. The urethral length was measured during Foley's catheter removal. Other data like age, weight, and height of the patient are collected and the obtained values were analysed with SPSS software. The acquired figures were further used to derive formulae to predict urethral length.
    Results: A nomogram of urethral length based on age was plotted. With collected figures, five separate formulae were derived to calculate the urethral length based on the age, height and weight. Furthermore for day-to-day use we have deduced a formulas to calculate urethral length which are simplified forms of original formulae.
    Discussion: The length of urethra of a new-born male is 5 cm, which attains 8 cm by three years of age and to 17 cm by adulthood. There were attempts to measure the urethral length in adults using cystoscopy, Foley's catheter and different imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging and dynamic retrograde urethrography. Simplified formulae which has been derived from this study for clinical use is Urethral length = 8.7 + Age (in year) × 0.55 CONCLUSION: Our results will complement the current anatomical understanding of the urethra. This evades some rare complications of catheterisation and facilitate reconstructive procedures.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Infant ; Adolescent ; Urethra/surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Cystoscopy ; Radiography ; Catheters ; Postoperative Complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2237683-5
    ISSN 1873-4898 ; 1477-5131
    ISSN (online) 1873-4898
    ISSN 1477-5131
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.06.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Comparison of Animation Distraction Versus Local Anesthetic Application for Pain Alleviation in Children Undergoing Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Thomas, Aparna R / Unnikrishnan, Deepa T / M, Isac Mathai

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e43610

    Abstract: Background Medical procedures induce behavioral discomfort, fear, and worry in children and their families, worsening their agony. Reading, playing video games, and watching television lessen anxiety and discomfort. This study aims to compare the pain ... ...

    Abstract Background Medical procedures induce behavioral discomfort, fear, and worry in children and their families, worsening their agony. Reading, playing video games, and watching television lessen anxiety and discomfort. This study aims to compare the pain reduction in children using animation distraction and two percent lignocaine with the control group undergoing intravenous (IV) cannulation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at a tertiary care hospital in Kolenchery, Kerala, South India, and to study the clinico-social factors influencing pain reduction in children undergoing IV cannulation. Materials and methods This is an open-label, randomized controlled trial study of 60 children admitted in a pediatric ward, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), or emergency department randomly assigned to either two percent lignocaine application, animation distraction, or control during intravenous cannulation. Children aged six to twelve years requiring IV cannulation for different illnesses were included. Twenty children were randomly assigned to the lignocaine group, twenty to the distraction group, and twenty to the control group. The visual analogue scale was used to measure the subjective pain intensity of the children during IV cannulation. We did statistical analysis using SPSS software version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Age, gender, previous history of cannulation, site, and size of the cannula were not significantly different between the groups. We did not relate the education of the mother to the VAS scores. The mean VAS score for pain at zero, one, and five minutes was lower in the distraction group compared to the lignocaine and control groups. The mean VAS score for pain at zero, one, and five minutes was not superior among the lignocaine group compared to the control group. Conclusion Based on the findings, animation distraction is preferable to lignocaine to alleviate pain in children requiring IV cannulation for a variety of disorders. Distraction is one of the nonpharmacological techniques that seek to alleviate pain by encouraging the patient to focus on something other than the current procedure. In addition to reducing pain and anxiety during excruciating invasive interventions, distraction techniques reduce the number of interventions required and allow for the completion of interventions in less time.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.43610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Emotional Threat Perception and Its Association with Neurocognition in Social Anxiety Disorder.

    Mathai, Anjali Thomas / Rai, Shweta / Behere, Rishikesh V

    Indian journal of psychological medicine

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 544–551

    Abstract: Background: The negative appraisal of emotional stimuli is a feature of social anxiety disorder (SAD). People with SAD demonstrate deficits in neurocognitive performance while performing tasks of attention. However, the relationship between attentional ... ...

    Abstract Background: The negative appraisal of emotional stimuli is a feature of social anxiety disorder (SAD). People with SAD demonstrate deficits in neurocognitive performance while performing tasks of attention. However, the relationship between attentional control, working memory, and threat perception in SAD has not been studied well. The present study aimed to identify patterns of threat perception in relation to performance on attention and visuospatial working memory tasks in individuals with SAD.
    Methods: Subjects with SAD (
    Results: The SAD group had decreased performance in the domains of sustained (P = 0.001) and focused attention (P = 0.04). They also had an enhanced threat perception as demonstrated by greater reaction time to anger (P = 0.03), lower emotion recognition accuracy (P = 0.05), and higher over-identification of the threat to neutral and nonthreatening faces. However, the Stroop effect was not demonstrated across the groups. No group difference was seen in the performance on the visuospatial working memory tasks. Lower focused attention was significantly correlated with higher emotional threat perception (ETP; P = 0.001) in the SAD group.
    Conclusion: People with SAD have greater deficits in attention processing and ETP. The attention deficits were associated with enhanced ETP in social anxiety. The link between threat perception and cognitive functions would aid in a better understanding of SAD and in planning appropriate intervention.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2622378-8
    ISSN 0975-1564 ; 0253-7176
    ISSN (online) 0975-1564
    ISSN 0253-7176
    DOI 10.1177/02537176211046472
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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