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  1. Article ; Online: Imaging evaluation of demyelinating processes of the central nervous system.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Smirniotopoulos, James G

    Postgraduate medical journal

    2010  Volume 86, Issue 1014, Page(s) 218–229

    Abstract: Demyelinating processes involving the central nervous system have a variety of aetiologies and can be separated into primary and secondary demyelinating processes. The classic example of primary demyelination is multiple sclerosis. Secondary ... ...

    Abstract Demyelinating processes involving the central nervous system have a variety of aetiologies and can be separated into primary and secondary demyelinating processes. The classic example of primary demyelination is multiple sclerosis. Secondary demyelination, where the aetiology is known, includes infectious, metabolic and toxic disease processes. The underlying component of all demyelinating disorders is damage to the myelin sheath and/or the oligodendrocyte, the cell forming the myelin sheath. These processes often have similar imaging findings, making knowledge of the patient's history, physical examination and laboratory evaluation imperative for developing a differential diagnosis. This pictorial essay provides a review of the imaging of these diverse disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology ; Demyelinating Diseases/pathology ; Encephalomyelitis/pathology ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Neuromyelitis Optica/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Wernicke Encephalopathy/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80325-x
    ISSN 1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
    ISSN (online) 1469-0756
    ISSN 0032-5473
    DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2009.087452
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: From the radiologic pathology archives: intraventricular neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Smirniotopoulos, James G / Horkanyne-Szakaly, Iren

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2013  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–43

    Abstract: A variety of neoplasms may arise in the ventricular system. Intraventricular neoplasms may be discovered as an incidental finding at cross-sectional imaging or may manifest with varied symptoms depending on their location, including symptoms of increased ...

    Abstract A variety of neoplasms may arise in the ventricular system. Intraventricular neoplasms may be discovered as an incidental finding at cross-sectional imaging or may manifest with varied symptoms depending on their location, including symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. These lesions may arise from various ventricular structures, including the ependymal lining (eg, ependymoma), subependymal layer (eg, subependymoma), or choroid plexus (eg, choroid plexus neoplasms), or they may have a cell of origin that has yet to be determined (eg, chordoid glioma). Other neoplasms involving the ventricular system include central neurocytoma, subependymal giant cell tumor, meningioma, rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor, and metastases. The differential diagnosis for intraventricular neoplasms can be broad, and many of them have similar patterns of signal intensity and contrast enhancement at imaging. However, the location of the lesion in the ventricular system-along with knowledge of the patient's age, gender, and underlying conditions-will help narrow the differential diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology ; Cerebral Ventricles/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.331125192
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Aus den Archiven der Radiologischen Pathologie

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Smirniotopoulos, James G. / Horkanyne-Szakaly, Iren

    Neuroradiologie Scan

    2014  Volume 04, Issue 03, Page(s) 209–231

    Abstract: Das System der Hirnventrikel ist Ursprungsort verschiedener Neoplasmen. Diese werden in vielen Fällen als Zufallsbefunde bei Querschnittsuntersuchungen mittels bildgebender Verfahren entdeckt, können sich aber auch, je nach ihrer Lokalisation, durch ... ...

    Abstract Das System der Hirnventrikel ist Ursprungsort verschiedener Neoplasmen. Diese werden in vielen Fällen als Zufallsbefunde bei Querschnittsuntersuchungen mittels bildgebender Verfahren entdeckt, können sich aber auch, je nach ihrer Lokalisation, durch Beschwerden, wie z. B. Hirndrucksymptome, bemerkbar machen. Die Läsionen können von verschiedenen ventrikulären Strukturen ausgehen: dem Ependym, das die Ventrikel auskleidet (Ependymome), der subependymalen Schicht (Subependymome) oder dem Adergeflecht (Plexustumoren); es gibt aber auch Tumoren (z. B. die chordoiden Gliome), deren Ursprungszellen noch unbekannt sind. Weitere das Ventrikelsystem betreffende Neoplasmen sind zentrale Neurozytome, subependymale Riesenzelltumoren, Meningeome, rosettenbildende glioneuronale Tumoren sowie Metastasen. Differenzialdiagnostisch kommt bei einem intraventrikulären Neoplasma ein breites Spektrum verschiedener Tumoren in Betracht, und viele davon weisen im Bildgebungsbefund Ähnlichkeiten hinsichtlich Signalintensität und Kontrastverstärkung auf. Jedoch erleichtert die Kenntnis der Tumorlokalisation im Ventrikelsystem – zusammen mit Alter, Geschlecht und Grunderkrankungen der betroffenen Patienten – die differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung.
    Language German
    Publishing date 2014-06-26
    Publisher © Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1616-9700 ; 1616-9697
    ISSN (online) 1616-9700
    ISSN 1616-9697
    DOI 10.1055/s-0034-1365275
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  4. Article ; Online: From the archives of the AFIP: lesions of the pineal region: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Rushing, Elisabeth J / Smirniotopoulos, James G

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2010  Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 2001–2020

    Abstract: Lesions of the pineal region include a diverse group of entities. The most common neoplastic lesions are the germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors may be hormonally active, and evaluation of serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of oncoproteins assists in ... ...

    Abstract Lesions of the pineal region include a diverse group of entities. The most common neoplastic lesions are the germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors may be hormonally active, and evaluation of serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of oncoproteins assists in making the diagnosis. Neoplasms arising from the pineal parenchyma include the low-grade pineocytoma, pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation, and the highly malignant pineoblastoma. Germ cell tumors and pineal parenchymal neoplasms do not have pathognomonic imaging findings, but imaging in combination with laboratory evaluation helps narrow the differential diagnosis. Neoplasms may also arise from the variety of cell types residing in the proximity of the pineal gland. These include lipomas, meningiomas, and astrocytomas. Congenital lesions such as epidermoid and dermoid cysts and lipomas can also occur. Knowledge of the variety of lesions that occur in the pineal region, their imaging appearances, and their clinical features assists in narrowing the radiologic differential diagnosis and optimizing patient treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pinealoma/diagnosis ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.307105131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal central nervous system, head, neck, and chest.

    O'Connor, Stephen C / Rooks, Veronica J / Smith, Alice Boyd

    Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR

    2012  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–101

    Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the assessment of fetal anomalies. Although ultrasound remains the modality of choice for screening, MRI offers several advantages that permit optimal characterization of anomalies in ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the assessment of fetal anomalies. Although ultrasound remains the modality of choice for screening, MRI offers several advantages that permit optimal characterization of anomalies in certain situations. Accurate recognition and characterization of fetal anomalies guides decisions about pregnancy management and coordination of postnatal care. This article will briefly review safety and practical aspects of fetal MRI. We will then provide a concise summary of the most common indications for fetal MRI, and discuss the differential diagnosis and role of MRI in assessment of fetal brain, head, neck, spine, and chest anomalies.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Female ; Head/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/adverse effects ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Neck/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods ; Thoracic Diseases/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1353113-x
    ISSN 1558-5034 ; 0887-2171
    ISSN (online) 1558-5034
    ISSN 0887-2171
    DOI 10.1053/j.sult.2011.10.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Radiologic-pathologic correlation of pediatric and adolescent spinal neoplasms: Part 1, Intramedullary spinal neoplasms.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Soderlund, Karl A / Rushing, Elisabeth J / Smirniotopolous, James G

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2012  Volume 198, Issue 1, Page(s) 34–43

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the neuroimaging findings of pediatric and adolescent intramedullary spinal tumors in children. The differential diagnosis for lesions in this location is limited and can be further narrowed with ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the neuroimaging findings of pediatric and adolescent intramedullary spinal tumors in children. The differential diagnosis for lesions in this location is limited and can be further narrowed with knowledge of specific imaging characteristics.
    Conclusion: This article reviews the radiologic findings and differential diagnosis for intramedullary neoplasms. After completing this article, the reader should have an improved understanding of the types of neoplastic processes that can involve this region of the pediatric spine.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.10.7311
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Radiologic-pathologic correlation of pediatric and adolescent spinal neoplasms: Part 2, Intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms.

    Soderlund, Karl A / Smith, Alice Boyd / Rushing, Elisabeth J / Smirniotopolous, James G

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2012  Volume 198, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–51

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the neuroimaging findings of intradural extramedullary spinal tumors in the pediatric and adolescent population. The differential diagnosis for lesions in this location is limited and can be further ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the neuroimaging findings of intradural extramedullary spinal tumors in the pediatric and adolescent population. The differential diagnosis for lesions in this location is limited and can be further narrowed with knowledge of specific imaging characteristics.
    Conclusion: This article reviews the radiologic and pathologic findings of pediatric and adolescent intradural extramedullary neoplasms. After completing this article, the reader should have an improved understanding of the types of neoplastic processes that involve the extramedullary intradural compartment of the spine in the pediatric and adolescent age groups and should be able to narrow their differential diagnosis according to imaging findings.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/therapy ; Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Spinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Spinal Neoplasms/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.11.7121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: From the radiologic pathology archives: mass lesions of the dura: beyond meningioma-radiologic-pathologic correlation.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Horkanyne-Szakaly, Iren / Schroeder, Jason W / Rushing, Elisabeth J

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2014  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 295–312

    Abstract: Meningioma is the most common mass involving the dura, making it number one in the differential diagnosis for any dural-based mass; however, a variety of other neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions also involve the dura. Knowledge of the dural anatomy can ...

    Abstract Meningioma is the most common mass involving the dura, making it number one in the differential diagnosis for any dural-based mass; however, a variety of other neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions also involve the dura. Knowledge of the dural anatomy can provide clues to the various processes that may involve this location. The neoplastic processes include both benign and malignant lesions such as hemangiopericytoma, lymphoma, solitary fibrous tumor, melanocytic lesions, Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and metastatic lesions. The nonneoplastic processes include infectious and inflammatory entities such as tuberculosis and sarcoid, which may mimic mass lesions. In some cases, neoplasms such as gliosarcoma may arise peripherally from the brain parenchyma, appearing dural-based and even inciting a dural tail. Many of these share similar computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiographic characteristics with meningiomas, such as a dural tail, increased vascularity, avid enhancement, and similar signal characteristics; however, knowledge of the patient's age, gender, and underlying conditions and certain imaging characteristics may provide valuable clues to recognizing these lesions. For example, in the population with human immunodeficiency virus infection, Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis for dural-based lesions. The surgical course and prognosis for these lesions vary, and knowledge of the variety of lesions that involve the dura, their imaging appearances, and their clinical features assists in narrowing the radiologic differential diagnosis and optimizing patient treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Dura Mater ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Meningioma/diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.342130075
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Pigmented lesions of the central nervous system: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Rushing, Elisabeth J / Smirniotopoulos, James G

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2009  Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 1503–1524

    Abstract: Pigmented lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) are a diverse group of entities that run the gamut from benign to malignant. These lesions may be well circumscribed or diffuse, and their imaging appearances are influenced by the degree of melanin ... ...

    Abstract Pigmented lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) are a diverse group of entities that run the gamut from benign to malignant. These lesions may be well circumscribed or diffuse, and their imaging appearances are influenced by the degree of melanin content as well as the presence or absence of hemorrhage. Pigmented lesions include primary melanocytic lesions of the CNS and metastatic melanoma, as well as other CNS neoplasms that may undergo melanization, including schwannoma, medulloblastoma, and some gliomas. Primary melanocytic lesions of the CNS arise from melanocytes located within the leptomeninges, and this group includes diffuse melanocytosis and meningeal melanomatosis (seen in neurocutaneous melanosis), melanocytoma, and malignant melanoma. Primary melanin-containing lesions of the CNS must be differentiated from metastatic melanoma because these lesions require different patient workup and therapy. Absence of a known primary malignant melanoma helps in the differential diagnosis, but an occult primary lesion outside the CNS must be sought and excluded. Pigmented lesions of the CNS are uncommon, and knowledge of their imaging characteristics and pathologic features is essential for their identification.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.295095109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Aus den Archiven für Radiologische Pathologie – Tumoren der Dura: zur Differenzialdiagnose des Meningeoms – Korrelation zwischen radiologischen und pathologischen Befunden

    Smith, Alice Boyd / Horkanyne-Szakaly, Iren / Schroeder, Jason W. / Rushing, Elisabeth J.

    Neuroradiologie Scan

    2015  Volume 05, Issue 01, Page(s) 41–60

    Abstract: Der häufigste Tumor mit Durabeteiligung ist das Meningeom; bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung aller durabasierten Tumoren steht es daher immer an erster Stelle. Es gibt jedoch eine ganze Reihe anderer neoplastischer und nicht neoplastischer ... ...

    Abstract Der häufigste Tumor mit Durabeteiligung ist das Meningeom; bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung aller durabasierten Tumoren steht es daher immer an erster Stelle. Es gibt jedoch eine ganze Reihe anderer neoplastischer und nicht neoplastischer Läsionen, an denen die Dura ebenfalls beteiligt ist. Aus der Kenntnis der Anatomie der Dura lassen sich Hinweise auf die verschiedenen Prozesse gewinnen, die sich an dieser Lokalisation abspielen können. Bei den neoplastischen Prozessen handelt es sich teils um benigne, teils um maligne Läsionen: Hämangioperizytome, Lymphome, solitäre fibröse Tumoren, melanozytäre Läsionen, Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierte Tumoren der glatten Muskulatur, Manifestationen der Rosai-Dorfman-Krankheit und Metastasen. Als nicht neoplastische Prozesse sind infektiöse und entzündliche Entitäten, wie Tuberkulose und Sarkoidose, zu nennen, die Tumoren sehr ähnlich sein können. In manchen Fällen entwickeln sich Neoplasien, wie z. B. Gliosarkome, an der Peripherie des Hirnparenchyms, sodass der Anschein erweckt wird, sie gingen von der Dura aus und hätten sogar einen Duraausläufer (sog. Dural Tail). Viele dieser Läsionen weisen in der bildgebenden Darstellung mittels CT, MRT und Angiografie Gemeinsamkeiten mit den Meningeomen auf, z. B. einen Dural Tail, eine vermehrte Gefäßversorgung, prompte Kontrastmittelanreicherung und Ähnlichkeiten der Signalcharakteristika. Alter, Geschlecht und Grundkrankheiten des Patienten sowie bestimmte Besonderheiten im Bildgebungsbefund ermöglichen jedoch wichtige Rückschlüsse auf die Art der Läsionen. So sollte beispielsweise bei der Differenzialdiagnose durabasierter Läsionen bei HIV-infizierten Personen (Personen mit Infektion durch das humane Immundefizienzvirus) auch an die Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierten Tumoren der glatten Muskulatur gedacht werden. Das chirurgische Vorgehen bei den einzelnen Läsionen ist verschieden und ebenso die Prognose. Die Kenntnis der unterschiedlichen Läsionen, die die Dura betreffen, ihrer Bildgebungsbefunde und ihrer klinischen Merkmale hilft bei der Eingrenzung der radiologischen Differenzialdiagnose und bei der Optimierung der Therapie.
    Language German
    Publishing date 2015-01-01
    Publisher © Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1616-9700 ; 1616-9697
    ISSN (online) 1616-9700
    ISSN 1616-9697
    DOI 10.1055/s-0034-1391274
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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