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  1. Article ; Online: "Micromegaly": Acromegaly with apparently normal GH, an entity on its own?

    Vilar, Lucio / Naves, Luciana Ansaneli / Martins, Manoel Ricardo Alves / Ribeiro-Oliveira, Antônio

    Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism

    2024  , Page(s) 101878

    Abstract: A small proportion of the patients with acromegaly present with apparently normal basal GH levels and suppressible GH levels despite increased IGF-1 levels, a pattern called micromegaly by some authors. Whether this pattern represents a distinct entity ... ...

    Abstract A small proportion of the patients with acromegaly present with apparently normal basal GH levels and suppressible GH levels despite increased IGF-1 levels, a pattern called micromegaly by some authors. Whether this pattern represents a distinct entity or is just an expression of acromegaly in its early stages is still a matter of debate. Nevertheless, these patients have some peculiar characteristics such as being more likely older and male, mostly harbour microadenomas or small macroadenomas, and have lower IGF-1 and postglucose GH levels. Even though, the frequency and severity of clinical signs and comorbidities are similar to those of patients with classic acromegaly. In conclusion, micromegaly seems to be a distinct clinical entity with a different biological behavior characterized by a low GH output.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2052339-7
    ISSN 1878-1594 ; 1532-1908 ; 1521-690X
    ISSN (online) 1878-1594 ; 1532-1908
    ISSN 1521-690X
    DOI 10.1016/j.beem.2024.101878
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Accuracy of the 10 μg desmopressin test for differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Giampietro, Rodrigo Rosa / Cabral, Marcos Vinicius Gama / Pereira, Elizandra Gomes / Machado, Marcio Carlos / Vilar, Lucio / Nunes-Nogueira, Vania Dos Santos

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1332120

    Abstract: We evaluated the accuracy of the 10 μg desmopressin test in differentiating Cushing disease (CD) from non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (NNH) and ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). A systematic review of studies on diagnostic test accuracy in patients with CD, ... ...

    Abstract We evaluated the accuracy of the 10 μg desmopressin test in differentiating Cushing disease (CD) from non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (NNH) and ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). A systematic review of studies on diagnostic test accuracy in patients with CD, NNH, or EAS subjected to the desmopressin test obtained from LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases was performed. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted the data. Hierarchical and bivariate models on Stata software were used for meta-analytical summaries. The certainty of evidence was measured using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group) approach. In total, 14 studies were included: 3 studies on differentiated CD versus NNH and 11 studies on differentiated CD versus EAS. Considering ΔACTH in 8 studies involving 429 patients, the pooled sensitivity for distinguishing CD from EAS was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-0.89, I2 = 17.6%) and specificity was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.49-0.76, I2 = 9.46%). Regarding Δcortisol in 6 studies involving 233 participants, the sensitivity for distinguishing CD from EAS was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.87, I2 = 7.98%) and specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61-0.91, I2 = 12.89%). The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of ΔACTH > 35% and Δcortisol > 20% in 5 studies involving 511 participants were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79-0.93, I2 = 35%) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-0.87, I2 = 27%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity for distinguishing CD from NNH in 3 studies involving 170 participants was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79-0.93) and the specificity was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86-0.97). Based on the desmopressin test for differentiating CD from EAS, considering ΔACTH, Δcortisol, or both percent increments, 15%, 19%, or 20% of patients with CD, respectively, would be incorrectly classified as having EAS. For CD versus NNH, 11% of patients with CD would be falsely diagnosed as having NNH, whereas 7% of patients with NNH would be falsely diagnosed as having CD. However, in all hierarchical plots, the prediction intervals were considerably wider than the confidence intervals. This indicates low confidence in the estimated accuracy, and the true accuracy is likely to be different.
    Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=85634, identifier CRD42018085634; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=68317, identifier CRD42017068317.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Diagnosis, Differential ; ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/diagnosis ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (ENR1LLB0FP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2024.1332120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Subclinical Ventricular Dysfunction in Long-Term Acromegaly Assessed by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography.

    Gadelha, Patricia / Santos, Eduardo C L / Castillo, Jose / Vilar, Lucio

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 812964

    Abstract: Introduction: Symptomatic heart disease may be present in patients with advanced-stage acromegaly. However, earlier assessment of subclinical ventricular systolic dysfunction can be accomplished through speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) for the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Symptomatic heart disease may be present in patients with advanced-stage acromegaly. However, earlier assessment of subclinical ventricular systolic dysfunction can be accomplished through speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) for the study of myocardial strain. The few such studies in this population to date have produced conflicting results. This study was performed to evaluate the parameters of ventricular strain in patients with acromegaly with no cardiac symptoms.
    Methods: In this prospective observational study, STE was performed in patients with active acromegaly with no detectable heart disease and in a control group to assess ventricular dysfunction through global longitudinal strain (GLS), radial strain, circumferential strain, and twist. The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV mass index, and relative wall thickness were also compared between the groups.
    Results: Twenty-five patients with active acromegaly (median age, 49 years; median disease duration, 11 years) and 44 controls were included. LV hypertrophy was more prevalent in the acromegaly group (40% vs. 19%, p < 0.01). The LV ejection fraction was similar between the groups (65.2% ± 5.99% vs. 62.9% ± 7.41%). The mean GLS (-18.8 ± 2.49 vs. -19.7 ± 3.29, p = 0.24), circumferential strain (-16.7 ± 3.18 vs. -16.6 ± 3.42, p = 0.90), and twist (14.6 ± 5.02 vs. 15.1 ± 3.94, p = 0.60) were not significantly different between the groups.
    Conclusion: Despite showing higher rates of LV hypertrophy, patients with long-term acromegaly had no impairment of ventricular contractility as assessed by strain echocardiography when compared with a control group.
    MeSH term(s) Acromegaly/complications ; Acromegaly/diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography/methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology ; Ventricular Function, Left
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.812964
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Relationship between Prolactin, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk.

    Dourado, Marclébio / Cavalcanti, Frederico / Vilar, Lucio / Cantilino, Amaury

    International journal of endocrinology

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 9524839

    Abstract: CKD has a high prevalence worldwide, mainly due to its main etiologies-diabetes and hypertension. It has high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with traditional risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and left ... ...

    Abstract CKD has a high prevalence worldwide, mainly due to its main etiologies-diabetes and hypertension. It has high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with traditional risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy being common. Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, chronic inflammation, and microalbuminuria, are also well studied. Prolactin is a hormone not only related to lactation but also being considered a uremic toxin by some authors. It accumulates with loss of renal function, and it is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in both normal renal function population and CKD population. The purpose of this narrative review is to raise the main common aspects of CKD, prolactinemia, and cardiovascular risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-22
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2502951-4
    ISSN 1687-8345 ; 1687-8337
    ISSN (online) 1687-8345
    ISSN 1687-8337
    DOI 10.1155/2020/9524839
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Pitfalls in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Hyperprolactinemia.

    Vilar, Lucio / Vilar, Clarice Freitas / Lyra, Ruy / Freitas, Maria da Conceição

    Neuroendocrinology

    2019  Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–19

    Abstract: An appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential for the most appropriate treatment to be performed. Currently, macroprolactinemia is the third most frequent cause of nonphysiological hyperprolactinemia after drugs and prolactinomas. Up to 40% of ... ...

    Abstract An appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential for the most appropriate treatment to be performed. Currently, macroprolactinemia is the third most frequent cause of nonphysiological hyperprolactinemia after drugs and prolactinomas. Up to 40% of macroprolactinemic patients may present with hypogonadism symptoms, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. Thus, the screening for macroprolactin is indicated not only for asymptomatic subjects but also for those without an obvious cause for their prolactin (PRL) elevation. Before submitting patients to macroprolactin screening and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, one should rule out pregnancy, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, primary hypothyroidism, and renal failure. The magnitude of PRL elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. PRL values >250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of prolactinomas and virtually exclude nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and other sellar masses as the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. However, they can also be found in subjects with macroprolactinemia, drug-induced hyper-prolactinemia or chronic renal failure. By contrast, most patients with NFPAs, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, macroprolactinemia, or systemic diseases present with PRL levels <100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. Indeed, up to 25% of patients harboring a microprolactinoma or a cystic macroprolactinoma may also have PRL <100 ng/mL. Falsely low PRL levels may result from the so-called "hook effect," which should be considered in all cases of large (≥3 cm) pituitary adenomas associated with normal or mildly elevated PRL levels (≤250 ng/mL). The hook effect may be unmasked by repeating PRL measurement after a 1:100 serum sample dilution.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia/diagnosis ; Hyperprolactinemia/etiology ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 123303-8
    ISSN 1423-0194 ; 0028-3835
    ISSN (online) 1423-0194
    ISSN 0028-3835
    DOI 10.1159/000499694
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Withdrawal of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Andersen, Ida B / Sørensen, Marie G R / Dogansen, Sema C / Cheol Ryong, Ku / Vilar, Lucio / Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla / Krogh, Jesper

    Clinical endocrinology

    2022  Volume 97, Issue 5, Page(s) 519–531

    Abstract: Objective: To estimate the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following dopamine agonist (DA) withdrawal and to identify predictors of successful withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.: Design, patients, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To estimate the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following dopamine agonist (DA) withdrawal and to identify predictors of successful withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.
    Design, patients, and measurements: A systematic review of observational eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with normoprolactinaemia after cessation of DA treatment. Secondary outcome included the proportion of patients with normoprolactinaemia after DA withdrawal using individual patient data. Risk of bias was assessed by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled proportions were estimated using a random effects model in case I<sup>2</sup>  ≤ 75% or by reporting range of effects if I<sup>2</sup>  > 75%.
    Results: Thirty-two observational studies enroling 1563 patients were included. The proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia ranged from 0% to 75% (I<sup>2</sup>  = 84%). Heterogeneity was partly explained by age with more successful withdrawal in patients of higher age. Individual patient data analyses suggested that the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia 6 months after DA withdrawal with a low maintenance dose and full regression of the prolactinoma was 87.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 60.7-97.1; I<sup>2</sup>  = 0%) and 58.4% (95% CI = 23.8-86.3; I<sup>2</sup>  = 75%) for microadenomas and macroadenomas, respectively.
    Conclusions: The proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following DA withdrawal treatment varied greatly, partly explained by the mean age of participants of the individual studies. Individual patient data analysis suggested that successful withdrawal was likely in patients with full regression of prolactinomas using a low maintenance dose before cessation.
    MeSH term(s) Dopamine Agonists/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia/chemically induced ; Pituitary Neoplasms/complications ; Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Prolactinoma/complications ; Prolactinoma/drug therapy ; Withholding Treatment
    Chemical Substances Dopamine Agonists
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 121745-8
    ISSN 1365-2265 ; 0300-0664
    ISSN (online) 1365-2265
    ISSN 0300-0664
    DOI 10.1111/cen.14714
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Value of stimulated pre-ablation thyroglobulin as a prognostic marker in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with radioiodine.

    Nóbrega, Giulliana / Cavalcanti, Milena / Leite, Verônica / Vilar, Lúcio / Brandão, Simone Cristina Soares

    Endocrine

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 642–647

    Abstract: Objective: To determine which Thyroglobulin (Tg) level after levothyroxine (LT: Methods: A chart review was performed in which 375 patients with DTC treated with RAIT were included. The sTg was measured in all patients prior to treatment with I: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine which Thyroglobulin (Tg) level after levothyroxine (LT
    Methods: A chart review was performed in which 375 patients with DTC treated with RAIT were included. The sTg was measured in all patients prior to treatment with I
    Results: Incomplete response to treatment was found in 122 patients (32.5%), this group had a mean sTg of 23.2 ng/mL. ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off sTg level was 4.4 ng/mL. (sensitivity: 72.1%; specificity: 72.3%; accuracy: 72.2%; positive predictive value of 55.7%; and negative predictive value: 84.3%).
    Conclusion: sTg pre-ablation is a valuable predictor of DTC incomplete response to treatment one year after RAIT. Levels of 4.4 ng/ml or more showed higher accuracy to predict this outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery ; Thyroidectomy
    Chemical Substances Iodine Radioisotopes ; Thyroglobulin (9010-34-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1194484-5
    ISSN 1559-0100 ; 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
    ISSN (online) 1559-0100
    ISSN 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
    DOI 10.1007/s12020-022-03021-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Pitfalls in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Hyperprolactinemia

    Vilar, Lucio / Vilar, Clarice Freitas / Lyra, Ruy / Freitas, Maria da Conceição

    Neuroendocrinology

    2019  Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–19

    Abstract: An appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential for the most appropriate treatment to be performed. Currently, macroprolactinemia is the third most frequent cause of nonphysiological hyperprolactinemia after drugs and prolactinomas. Up to 40% of ... ...

    Institution Division of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
    Pernambuco Endocrine Research Center, Recife, Brazil
    Abstract An appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential for the most appropriate treatment to be performed. Currently, macroprolactinemia is the third most frequent cause of nonphysiological hyperprolactinemia after drugs and prolactinomas. Up to 40% of macroprolactinemic patients may present with hypogonadism symptoms, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. Thus, the screening for macroprolactin is indicated not only for asymptomatic subjects but also for those without an obvious cause for their prolactin (PRL) elevation. Before submitting patients to macroprolactin screening and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, one should rule out pregnancy, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, primary hypothyroidism, and renal failure. The magnitude of PRL elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. PRL values >250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of prolactinomas and virtually exclude nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and other sellar masses as the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. However, they can also be found in subjects with macroprolactinemia, drug-induced hyper­prolactinemia or chronic renal failure. By contrast, most patients with NFPAs, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, macroprolactinemia, or systemic diseases present with PRL levels <100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. Indeed, up to 25% of patients harboring a microprolactinoma or a cystic macroprolactinoma may also have PRL <100 ng/mL. Falsely low PRL levels may result from the so-called “hook effect,” which should be considered in all cases of large (≥3 cm) pituitary adenomas associated with normal or mildly elevated PRL levels (≤250 ng/mL). The hook effect may be unmasked by repeating PRL measurement after a 1:100 serum sample dilution.
    Keywords Prolactin ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Macroprolactinemia ; Pitfalls
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-20
    Publisher S. Karger AG
    Publishing place Basel, Switzerland
    Document type Article
    Note At the Cutting Edge
    ZDB-ID 123303-8
    ISBN 978-3-318-06568-8 ; 3-318-06568-4
    ISSN 1423-0194 ; 0028-3835
    ISSN (online) 1423-0194
    ISSN 0028-3835
    DOI 10.1159/000499694
    Database Karger publisher's database

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  9. Book: Conferencias y trabajos de los professores Adalbert Hämel, Max Dessoir, Francisco Alcayde y Vilar y Lucio Gil Fagoaga durante el curso de 1924 - 1925

    Alcayde Vilar, Francisco / Dessoir, Max / Gil Fagoaga, Lucio Gil / Haemel, Adalbert

    1926  

    Title variant mil novecientos veinticuatro a mil novecientos veinticinco
    Author's details Univ. de Madrid. Fac. de filos. y letras
    Size 209 S, 8"
    Publisher (Ratés)
    Publishing place Madrid
    Document type Book
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  10. Article ; Online: Acromegaly: clinical features at diagnosis.

    Vilar, Lucio / Vilar, Clarice Freitas / Lyra, Ruy / Lyra, Raissa / Naves, Luciana A

    Pituitary

    2017  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–32

    Abstract: Background: Acromegaly is a rare and underdiagnosed disorder caused, in more than 95% of cases, by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. The GH hypersecretion leads to overproduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) which results in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Acromegaly is a rare and underdiagnosed disorder caused, in more than 95% of cases, by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. The GH hypersecretion leads to overproduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) which results in a multisystem disease characterized by somatic overgrowth, multiple comorbidities, physical disfigurement, and increased mortality.
    Objective: This article aims to review the clinical features of acromegaly at diagnosis.
    Discussion/conclusion: Acromegaly affects both males and females equally and the average age at diagnosis ranges from 40 to 50 years (up to 5% of cases < the age 20). Due to insidious onset and slow progression, acromegaly is often diagnosed five to more than ten years after its onset. The typical coarsening of facial features include furrowing of fronthead, pronounced brow protrusion, enlargement of the nose and the ears, thickening of the lips, skin wrinkles and nasolabial folds, as well as mandibular prognathism that leads to dental malocclusion and increased interdental spacing. Excessive growth of hands and feet (predominantly due to soft tissue swelling) is present in the vast majority of acromegalic patients. Gigantism accounts for up to 5% of cases and occurs when the excess of GH becomes manifest in the young, before the epiphyseal fusion. The disease also has rheumatologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, neoplastic, neurological, and metabolic manifestations which negatively impact its prognosis and patients quality of life. Less than 15% of acromegalic patients actively seek medical attention for change in appearance or enlargement of the extremities. The presentation of acromegaly is more often related to its systemic comorbidities or to local tumor effects.
    MeSH term(s) Acromegaly/diagnosis ; Acromegaly/pathology ; Female ; Gigantism/diagnosis ; Gigantism/pathology ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1385151-2
    ISSN 1573-7403 ; 1386-341X
    ISSN (online) 1573-7403
    ISSN 1386-341X
    DOI 10.1007/s11102-016-0772-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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