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Article ; Online: Exploring the Differences in Safety Climate Among Mining Sectors.

Haas, Emily J / Yorio, Patrick L

Mining, metallurgy & exploration

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 655–668

Abstract: Currently, the US mining industry is encouraged, but not required to adopt a formal health and safety management system. Previous research has shown that the adoption of such systems has been more difficult in some subsectors of the mining industry than ... ...

Abstract	Currently, the US mining industry is encouraged, but not required to adopt a formal health and safety management system. Previous research has shown that the adoption of such systems has been more difficult in some subsectors of the mining industry than others. Given the interdependencies between management systems and safety climate in addition to their predictive utility of incidents, it is important to assess differences in the perceptions of safety climate among mining subsectors in the USA. If significant differences exist, then mining subsectors may not necessarily be able to adopt a one-size approach to system implementation. To that end, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health assessed mineworkers' perceptions of several individual and organizational safety climate constructs. Participants consisted of 2945 mineworkers at coal, industrial mineral, and stone/sand/gravel mine sites throughout 18 states. Linear regressions were used to answer the research question. The results suggest that coal miners, in comparison to those miners in industrial mineral and stone/sand/gravel sectors, had significantly less favorable perceptions on each of the organizational climate constructs measured (i.e., organizational support, supervisor support and communication, coworker communication, engagement/involvement, and training) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2524-3470
ISSN (online)	2524-3470
DOI	10.1007/s42461-020-00364-w
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of fluid leakage at the coverall and glove interface in single and double glove conditions.

Kahveci, Zafer / Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen / Yorio, Patrick L

American journal of infection control

2023 Volume 51, Issue 10, Page(s) 1145–1150

Abstract: Background: Fluid leakage through the glove-protective clothing interface is an area of concern for many health care personnel, including emergency medical service providers, who may wear coveralls to protect themselves from multiple types of hazards. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Fluid leakage through the glove-protective clothing interface is an area of concern for many health care personnel, including emergency medical service providers, who may wear coveralls to protect themselves from multiple types of hazards. There is currently no established standard test method to specifically evaluate the barrier performance of the glove-protective clothing interface region for any personal protective equipment ensemble. Objective: This study quantifies the fluid leakage at the coverall and glove interface using single and double gloving. Methods: A robotic arm, which can simulate upper extremity movements of health care personnel, was used to test 5 coverall models and an extended examination glove model in single and double glove conditions. Results: The results show that there was a significant difference in fluid leakage amounts between some of the coverall models and the number of glove layers studied. Findings also highlight that there is a high correlation between basis weight and stiffness of the coverall fabrics and the fluid leakage amounts. Conclusions: These results underline that coverall constructed from thin and less stiff fabrics can result in lower fluid leakage levels. Also, there was no significant difference in fluid leakage amounts between single and double gloves when tested with each of the coverall models, with the exception of the coveralls with the highest basis weight and stiffness.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Protective Clothing ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Health Personnel ; Gloves, Surgical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.018
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Article ; Online: Behavioral safety compliance in an interdependent mining environment: supervisor communication, procedural justice and the mediating role of coworker communication.

Haas, Emily J / Yorio, Patrick L

International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE

2021 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 1439–1451

Abstract: Objectives. ...

Abstract	Objectives.
MeSH term(s)	Communication ; Humans ; Social Justice ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1335568-5
ISSN	2376-9130 ; 1080-3548
ISSN (online)	2376-9130
ISSN	1080-3548
DOI	10.1080/10803548.2021.1896140
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Article ; Online: Impact of surface tension on the barrier performance of gowns and coveralls.

Selcen Kilinc-Balci, F / Kahveci, Zafer / Yorio, Patrick L

American journal of infection control

2023 Volume 51, Issue 12, Page(s) 1392–1400

Abstract: Background: Health care workers and laboratory workers who are routinely exposed to potentially life-threatening infectious diseases should wear protective clothing when anticipating contact with infectious materials. The most critical property of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Health care workers and laboratory workers who are routinely exposed to potentially life-threatening infectious diseases should wear protective clothing when anticipating contact with infectious materials. The most critical property of protective clothing is its ability to prevent liquids and viruses from passing through the garment. There are a number of potentially infectious liquids that workers may be exposed to during routine tasks. Each liquid has different physical and chemical properties that affect penetration. However, the current test methods use a limited number of liquids for classifying the barrier performance. The impact of the surface tension of the challenge liquid on the penetration resistance of gowns and coveralls was investigated in this study. Methods: Eight isolation gowns and 2 coveralls were tested in accordance with American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 42 and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 127 test methods, which were modified to incorporate the substitute challenge liquids. Results: Although current standard test methods only use water to categorize the liquid penetration resistance of minimal to moderate barrier performance gowns, a significant difference in the penetration was found when simulated body fluids were used. Conclusions: The results suggest that safety professionals and wearers should consider the varying barrier performance of personal protective equipment with different liquids and the use limitations when selecting them for the required tasks. Furthermore, standard development organizations should consider multiple challenge liquids when classifying protective clothing for health care settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Surface Tension ; Protective Clothing ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Health Personnel ; Body Fluids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2023.04.171
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Article ; Online: A simulation study to assess fluid leakage through the glove-gown interface in isolation settings.

Kahveci, Zafer / Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen / Yorio, Patrick L

American journal of infection control

2021 Volume 49, Issue 12, Page(s) 1481–1487

Abstract: Background: Isolation gowns are recommended to protect healthcare personnel, patients, and visitors from transfer of microorganisms and body fluids in patient isolation situations. Standards provide limited information about barrier performance of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Isolation gowns are recommended to protect healthcare personnel, patients, and visitors from transfer of microorganisms and body fluids in patient isolation situations. Standards provide limited information about barrier performance of isolation gowns for possible exposure scenarios. One of the most vulnerable areas of the personal protective equipment ensemble is considered the glove-gown interface. However, current isolation gown classification standards do not consider the interface regions of the personal protective equipment system while assessing the level of protection. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the fluid leakage through the glove-gown interface by simulating exposures and healthcare personnel arm movements in patient care for isolation settings. Methods: We tested fluid leakage of two examination gloves with different cuff lengths and seven isolation gown models designed with varying levels of barrier resistance and multiple cuff types. Results: Our results demonstrated that leakage through the glove-gown interface depends on multiple factors, including glove cuff length and gown cuff design. Gowns with the thumb loop design provided better protection than the elastic cuff design, and the elastic cuff design provided better protection compared to the knit cuff design for a given AAMI PB70 level. More importantly, a substantial penetration through gown fabrics was observed. Conclusions: This research identifies a need to develop a standardized method to evaluate leakage at the glove-gown interface to improve worker protection.
MeSH term(s)	Body Fluids ; Computer Simulation ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Protective Clothing
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2021.08.013
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Article: The role of risk avoidance and locus of control in workers' near miss experiences: Implications for improving safety management systems.

Haas, Emily J / Yorio, Patrick L

Journal of loss prevention in the process industries

2018 Volume 59, Page(s) 91–99

Abstract: The process industry has made major advancements and is a leader in near-miss safety management, with several validated models and databases to track close call reports. However, organizational efforts to develop safe work procedures and rules do not ... ...

Abstract	The process industry has made major advancements and is a leader in near-miss safety management, with several validated models and databases to track close call reports. However, organizational efforts to develop safe work procedures and rules do not guarantee that employees will behaviorally comply with them. Assuming that at some point, every safety management system will need to be examined and realigned to help prevent incidents on the job, it is important to understand how personality traits can impact workers' risk-based decisions. Such work has been done in the mining industry due to its characteristically high risks and the results can be gleaned to help the process industry realign goals and values with their workforce. In the current study, researchers cross-sectionally surveyed 1,334 miners from 20 mine sites across the United States, varying in size and commodity. The survey sought to understand how mineworkers' risk avoidance could impact their near miss incidents on the job - a common precursor to lost-time incidents. Multiple regressions showed that as a miner's level of risk avoidance increased by 1 unit in the 6-point response scale, the probability of experiencing a near miss significantly decreased by 30% when adjusting for relevant control variables. Additionally, a significant interaction between risk avoidance and locus of control suggested that the effect of risk avoidance on near misses is enhanced as a miner's locus of control increases. A one-unit increase in locus of control appends the base effect of risk avoidance on near misses with an additional 8% decrease in the probability. Findings are discussed from a near-miss safety management system perspective in terms of methods to foster both risk avoidance and locus of control in an effort to reduce the probability of near misses and lost time at the organizational level within the process industry and other high-hazard industries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0950-4230
ISSN	0950-4230
DOI	10.1016/j.jlp.2019.03.005
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Article ; Online: Barrier resistance of double layer isolation gowns.

Kahveci, Zafer / Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen / Yorio, Patrick L

American journal of infection control

2020 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 430–433

Abstract: Background: Isolation gowns are one of the crucial pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the migration of microorganisms and body fluids from patients to health care personnel and vice versa. Underperforming isolation gowns in terms ... ...

Abstract	Background: Isolation gowns are one of the crucial pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the migration of microorganisms and body fluids from patients to health care personnel and vice versa. Underperforming isolation gowns in terms of fluid resistance, could potentially put lives in danger. Wearing multiple layers of isolation gowns could theoretically increase the fluid penetration resistance. This study investigates if 2-layer lower barrier level isolation gowns meet the barrier effectiveness requirements of a single higher barrier level isolation gown. Methods: Three commonly used ANSI/AAMI Level 2 isolation gown models were selected and tested in single layer and double layer configurations in accordance with ANSI/AAMI PB70 requirements. Results: Total of 240 experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of gown model, fabric region, and the number of gown layers on AATCC 127 and AATCC 42 test results. In regard to AATCC 42, there was a significant difference among the different gown models, and the number of gown layers. Similar to AATCC 42 results, there was a significant difference among the different gown models, and the number of gown layers for AATCC 127; additionally, the gown regions was also significantly different. Conclusion: Test results demonstrated that the double layer isolation gown configurations do not always provide equal fluid penetration resistance as required for a single Level 3 isolation gown using the standard test methods specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70.
MeSH term(s)	Health Personnel ; Humans ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Protective Clothing ; Textiles
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2020.09.017
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Article ; Online: Examining Factors that Influence the Existence of Heinrich's Safety Triangle Using Site-Specific H&S Data from More than 25,000 Establishments.

Yorio, Patrick L / Moore, Susan M

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

2017 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 839–852

Abstract: In the 1930s, Heinrich established one of the most prominent and enduring accident prevention theories when he concluded that high severity occupational safety and health (OSH) incidents are preceded by numerous lower severity incidents and near misses. ... ...

Abstract	In the 1930s, Heinrich established one of the most prominent and enduring accident prevention theories when he concluded that high severity occupational safety and health (OSH) incidents are preceded by numerous lower severity incidents and near misses. Seventy-five years of theory expansion/interpretation includes two fundamental tenets: (1) the ratio of lower to higher severity incidents exists in the form of a "safety-triangle" and (2) similar causes underlie both high and low severity events. Although used extensively to inform public policy and establishment-level health and safety priorities, recent research challenges the validity of the two tenets. This study explored the validity of the first tenet, the existence of the safety triangle. The advantage of the current study is the use of a detailed, establishment-specific data set that evaluated over 25,000 establishments over a 13-year time period, allowing three specific questions to be explored: (1) Are an increased number of lower severity incidents at an establishment significantly associated with the probability of a fatal event over time? (2) At the establishment level, do the effects of OSH incidents on the probability of a fatality over time decrease as the degree of severity decreases-thereby taking the form of a triangle? and (3) Do distinct methods for delineating incidents by severity affect the existence of the safety triangle form? The answer to all three questions was yes with the triangle form being dependent upon how severity was delineated. The implications of these findings in regard to Heinrich's theory and OSH policy and management are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	778660-8
ISSN	1539-6924 ; 0272-4332
ISSN (online)	1539-6924
ISSN	0272-4332
DOI	10.1111/risa.12869
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Article: Safety culture across cultures.

Yorio, Patrick L / Edwards, Jason / Hoeneveld, Dick

Safety science

2019 Volume 120, Page(s) 402–410

Abstract: National culture colors nearly every aspect of human behavior (Javidan et al., 2006). Despite this truism, the concept has yet to be integrated into organizational safety culture theory. The purpose of this article is to bring awareness as to how ... ...

Abstract	National culture colors nearly every aspect of human behavior (Javidan et al., 2006). Despite this truism, the concept has yet to be integrated into organizational safety culture theory. The purpose of this article is to bring awareness as to how national culture can influence organizational safety culture. We do so by theorizing that the shared organizational beliefs, assumptions, and values related to safety (i.e., the anthropologic component of safety culture) are a reflection of the national culture in which the organization's workers are embedded. These organizational values, beliefs, and assumptions directly influence worker perceptions of organizational life and their behavioral choices. Given this prospectively strong direct influence on organizational behavior, we reason that the effectiveness of different organizational structure designs, safety management practices, and leadership characteristics (i.e., safety culture's normative component) can depend on characteristics of the national culture within which the organization resides. We conclude by providing a few key practical suggestions and directions for future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1074634-1
ISSN	1879-1042 ; 0925-7535
ISSN (online)	1879-1042
ISSN	0925-7535
DOI	10.1016/j.ssci.2019.07.021
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Article ; Online: Quality Assurance Sampling Plans in US Stockpiles for Personal Protective Equipment: A Computer Simulation to Examine Degradation Rates.

Dubaniewicz, Mitchell T / Rottach, Dana R / Yorio, Patrick L

Health security

2019 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 324–333

Abstract: Medical countermeasure stockpiles in the United States are designed to support healthcare workers and the public during public health emergencies; they include supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). As part of typical PPE manufacturing ... ...

Abstract	Medical countermeasure stockpiles in the United States are designed to support healthcare workers and the public during public health emergencies; they include supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). As part of typical PPE manufacturing processes, appropriate test methods are used to ensure that the devices provide adequate protective performance. At the time of manufacture, performance is often measured and weighed against an objective standard of quality, resulting in a pass or fail attribute being assigned to individual PPE items and thence to production lots. Incorporating periodic performance testing for stockpiled PPE can ensure that they maintain their protective qualities and integrity over time while in storage. There is an absence of guidance regarding how to design quality assurance programs for stockpiled PPE. The applicability of the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) approach to stockpiled PPE was examined in a previous study that compared and contrasted different sample sizes in recovering the true percentage of defective units in large lots in the LQAS framework. The current study carries this line of inquiry forward by integrating PPE degradation over time and comparing different sampling time intervals in recovering the true underlying degradation rate. The results suggest that product degradation is more easily detected when tested at shorter time intervals and for higher degradation rates. They further suggest that sampling interval groupings can be made based on the proficiency with which they recover the true underlying degradation rate.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Lot Quality Assurance Sampling/statistics & numerical data ; Personal Protective Equipment/standards ; Public Health ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2823049-8
ISSN	2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
ISSN (online)	2326-5108
ISSN	2326-5094
DOI	10.1089/hs.2019.0042
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