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  1. Article: Case Report: Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6, CCL2/MCP1, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL10/IP10 in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Cohort During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Baresi, Giulia / Giacomelli, Mauro / Moratto, Daniele / Chiarini, Marco / Conforti, Immacolata Claudia / Padoan, Rita / Poli, Piercarlo / Timpano, Silviana / Caldarale, Francesca / Badolato, Raffaele

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 645063

    Abstract: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, data registered in the European countries revealed increasing cases of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the course of this pandemic, we ... ...

    Abstract Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, data registered in the European countries revealed increasing cases of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the course of this pandemic, we enrolled 17 CF patients for a study evaluating inflammatory markers. One of them developed COVID
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2021.645063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Depletion and Elevation of IFN-γ Dependent Chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

    Caldarale, Francesca / Giacomelli, Mauro / Garrafa, Emirena / Tamassia, Nicola / Morreale, Alessia / Poli, Piercarlo / Timpano, Silviana / Baresi, Giulia / Zunica, Fiammetta / Cattalini, Marco / Moratto, Daniele / Chiarini, Marco / Cannizzo, Elvira Stefania / Marchetti, Giulia / Cassatella, Marco Antonio / Taddio, Andrea / Tommasini, Alberto / Badolato, Raffaele

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 654587

    Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the majority of children as COVID-19, without symptoms or with a paucisymptomatic respiratory syndrome, but a small proportion of children develop the systemic Multi Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), characterized by ... ...

    Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the majority of children as COVID-19, without symptoms or with a paucisymptomatic respiratory syndrome, but a small proportion of children develop the systemic Multi Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), characterized by persistent fever and systemic hyperinflammation, with some clinical features resembling Kawasaki Disease (KD).
    Objective: With this study we aimed to shed new light on the pathogenesis of these two SARS-CoV-2-related clinical manifestations.
    Methods: We investigated lymphocyte and dendritic cells subsets, chemokine/cytokine profiles and evaluated the neutrophil activity mediators, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in 10 children with COVID-19 and 9 with MIS-C at the time of hospital admission.
    Results: Patients with MIS-C showed higher plasma levels of C reactive protein (CRP), MPO, IL-6, and of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2 than COVID-19 children. In addition, they displayed higher levels of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, mainly induced by IFN-γ. By contrast, we detected IFN-α in plasma of children with COVID-19, but not in patients with MIS-C. This observation was consistent with the increase of ISG15 and IFIT1 mRNAs in cells of COVID-19 patients, while ISG15 and IFIT1 mRNA were detected in MIS-C at levels comparable to healthy controls. Moreover, quantification of the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which constitute the main source of IFN-α, showed profound depletion of this subset in MIS-C, but not in COVID-19.
    Conclusions: Our results show a pattern of immune response which is suggestive of type I interferon activation in COVID-19 children, probably related to a recent interaction with the virus, while in MIS-C the immune response is characterized by elevation of the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL8 and of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXL10, which are markers of an active Th1 type immune response. We believe that these immunological events, together with neutrophil activation, might be crucial in inducing the multisystem and cardiovascular damage observed in MIS-C.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/immunology ; Chemokine CXCL10/immunology ; Chemokine CXCL9/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Male ; Plasma Cells/immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/immunology
    Chemical Substances CXCL10 protein, human ; CXCL9 protein, human ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Chemokine CXCL9 ; IFNG protein, human ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654587
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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