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Conference proceedings: Molekulargenetische Veränderungen in bronchopulmonalen Karzinoiden

Tomaszek, Sandra / Thomas Jr., Charles F. / Fischer, Stefan / Wigle, Dennis A.

2009 , Page(s) HS1.1

Event/congress	18. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie; Augsburg; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie; 2009
Keywords	Medizin, Gesundheit
Publishing date	2009-11-20
Publisher	German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; Düsseldorf
Document type	Conference proceedings
DOI	10.3205/09dgt01
Database	German Medical Science

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Article ; Online: Insights from immuno-oncology: the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19.

Ascierto, Paolo Antonio / Fox, Bernard A / Urba, Walter J / Anderson, Ana Carrizosa / Atkins, Michael B / Borden, Ernest C / Brahmer, Julie R / Butterfield, Lisa H / Cesano, Alessandra / Chen, Daniel C / de Gruijl, Tanja D / Dillman, Robert O / Drake, Charles G / Emens, Leisha A / Gajewski, Thomas F / Gulley, James L / Stephen Hodi, F Jr / Hwu, Patrick / Kaufman, David /

Kaufman, Howard L / Lotze, Michael T / McNeel, Douglas G / Margolin, Kim M / Marincola, Francesco M / Mastrangelo, Michael J / Maus, Marcela V / Parkinson, David R / Romero, Pedro J / Sondel, Paul M / Spranger, Stefani / Sznol, Mario / Weiner, George J / Wigginton, Jon M / Weber, Jeffrey S

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

2020 Volume 8, Issue 1

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Drug Approval ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy ; Inflammation/blood ; Inflammation/therapy ; Interleukin-6/agonists ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/agonists ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-6 ; Receptors, Interleukin-6
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2719863-7
ISSN	2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
ISSN (online)	2051-1426
ISSN	2051-1426
DOI	10.1136/jitc-2020-000878
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities

Marsh, Charles J. / Sica, Yanina V. / Burgin, Connor J. / Dorman, Wendy A. / Anderson, Robert C. / del Toro Mijares, Isabel / Vigneron, Jessica G. / Barve, Vijay / Dombrowik, Victoria L. / Duong, Michelle / Guralnick, Robert / Hart, Julie A. / Maypole, J. Krish / McCall, Kira / Ranipeta, Ajay / Schuerkmann, Anna / Torselli, Michael A. / Lacher, Thomas, Jr / Mittermeier, Russell A. /

Rylands, Anthony B. / Sechrest, Wes / Wilson, Don E. / Abba, Agustín M. / Aguirre, Luis F. / Arroyo‐Cabrales, Joaquín / Astúa, Diego / Baker, Andrew M. / Braulik, Gill / Braun, Janet K. / Brito, Jorge / Busher, Peter E. / Burneo, Santiago F. / Camacho, M. Alejandra / Cavallini, Paolo / de Almeida Chiquito, Elisandra / Cook, Joseph A. / Cserkész, Tamás / Csorba, Gábor / Cuéllar Soto, Erika / da Cunha Tavares, Valeria / Davenport, Tim R. B. / Deméré, Thomas / Denys, Christiane / Dickman, Christopher R. / Eldridge, Mark D. B. / Fernandez‐Duque, Eduardo / Francis, Charles M. / Frankham, Greta / Franklin, William L. / Freitas, Thales / Friend, J. Anthony / Gadsby, Elizabeth L. / Garbino, Guilherme S. T. / Gaubert, Philippe / Giannini, Norberto / Giarla, Thomas / Gilchrist, Jason S. / Gongora, Jaime / Goodman, Steven M. / Gursky‐Doyen, Sharon / Hackländer, Klaus / Hafner, Mark S. / Hawkins, Melissa / Helgen, Kristofer M. / Heritage, Steven / Hinckley, Arlo / Hintsche, Stefan / Holden, Mary / Holekamp, Kay E. / Honeycutt, Rodney L. / Huffman, Brent A. / Humle, Tatyana / Hutterer, Rainer / Ibáñez Ulargui, Carlos / Jackson, Stephen M. / Janecka, Jan / Janecka, Mary / Jenkins, Paula / Juškaitis, Rimvydas / Juste, Javier / Kays, Roland / Kilpatrick, C. William / Kingston, Tigga / Koprowski, John L. / Kryštufek, Boris / Lavery, Tyrone / Lee, Thomas E., Jr / Leite, Yuri L. R. / Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. / Lim, Burton K. / Lissovsky, Andrey / López‐Antoñanzas, Raquel / López‐Baucells, Adrià / MacLeod, Colin D. / Maisels, Fiona G. / Mares, Michael A. / Marsh, Helene / Mattioli, Stefano / Meijaard, Erik / Monadjem, Ara / Morton, F. Blake / Musser, Grace / Nadler, Tilo / Norris, Ryan W. / Ojeda, Agustina / Ordóñez‐Garza, Nicté / Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J. / Patterson, Bruce D. / Pavan, Ana / Pennay, Michael / Pereira, Calebe / Prado, Joyce / Queiroz, Helder L. / Richardson, Matthew / Riley, Erin P. / Rossiter, Stephen J. / Rubenstein, Daniel I. / Ruelas, Dennisse / Salazar‐Bravo, Jorge / Schai‐Braun, Stéphanie / Schank, Cody J. / Schwitzer, Christoph / Sheeran, Lori K. / Shekelle, Myron / Shenbrot, Georgy / Soisook, Pipat / Solari, Sergio / Southgate, Richard / Superina, Mariella / Taber, Andrew B. / Talebi, Maurício / Taylor, Peter / Vu Dinh, Thong / Ting, Nelson / Tirira, Diego G. / Tsang, Susan / Turvey, Samuel T. / Valdez, Raul / Van Cakenberghe, Victor / Veron, Geraldine / Wallis, Janette / Wells, Rod / Whittaker, Danielle / Williamson, Elizabeth A. / Wittemyer, George / Woinarski, John / Zinner, Dietmar / Upham, Nathan S. / Jetz, Walter

Journal of biogeography. 2022 May, v. 49, no. 5

2022

Abstract: AIM: Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available ... ...

Abstract	AIM: Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). LOCATION: Global. TAXON: All extant mammal species. METHODS: Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error‐checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). RESULTS: Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non‐commercial use. MAIN CONCLUSION: Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad‐scale characterizations and model‐based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species‐level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.
Keywords	Internet ; biodiversity ; biogeography ; databases ; evolution ; georeferencing ; mammals ; metadata ; shapefile ; taxonomy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 979-992.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	188963-1
ISSN	0305-0270
ISSN	0305-0270
DOI	10.1111/jbi.14330
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Insights from immuno-oncology

Ascierto, Paolo Antonio / Fox, Bernard A / Urba, Walter J / Anderson, Ana Carrizosa / Atkins, Michael B / Borden, Ernest C / Brahmer, Julie R / Butterfield, Lisa H / Cesano, Alessandra / Chen, Daniel S / de Gruijl, Tanja D / Dillman, Robert O / Drake, Charles G / Emens, Leisha A / Gajewski, Thomas F / Gulley, James L / Stephen Hodi Jr, F / Hwu, Patrick / Kaufman, David /

Kaufman, Howard L / Lotze, Michael T / McNeel, Douglas G / Margolin, Kim A / Marincola, Francesco M / Mastrangelo, Michael J / Maus, Marcela V / Parkinson, David R / Romero, Pedro J / Sondel, Paul M / Spranger, Stefani / Sznol, Mario / Weiner, George J / Wigginton, Jon M / Weber, Jeffrey S

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19

2020 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e000878

Keywords	Immunology ; Immunology and Allergy ; Molecular Medicine ; Cancer Research ; Oncology ; Pharmacology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	BMJ
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2719863-7
ISSN	2051-1426
ISSN	2051-1426
DOI	10.1136/jitc-2020-000878
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Insights from immuno-oncology: the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19

J. immunotherap. cancer

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32300051
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Online: Insights from immuno-oncology

Ascierto, Paolo A / Fox, Bernard A / Urba, Walter / Anderson, Ana Carrizosa / Atkins, Michael / Borden, Ernest C / Brahmer, Julie R / Butterfield, Lisa H / Cesano, Alessandra / Chen, Daniel S / De Gruijl, Tanja D / Dillman, Robert O / Drake, Charles G / Emens, Leisha A / Gajewski, Thomas F / Gulley, James L / Hodi, Jr., F Stephen / Hwu, Patrick / Kaufman, David /

Kaufman, Howard L / Lotze, Michael T / Marincola, Francesco M / Margolin, Kim A / Mastrangelo, Michael J / Maus, Marcela V / McNeel, Douglas G / Parkinson, David R / Romero, Pedro J / Sondel, Paul M / Spranger, Stefani / Sznol, Mario / Weiner, George J / Wigginton, Jon M / Weber, Jeffrey S

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19

2020

Abstract: The following statement was posted on March 24, 2020 and updated April 2, 2020. It has been accepted for upcoming publication in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC). ...

Abstract	The following statement was posted on March 24, 2020 and updated April 2, 2020. It has been accepted for upcoming publication in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC).
Keywords	2019-nCoV ; Infectious Disease ; Oncology ; covid19
Publishing date	2020-03-24T07:00:00Z
Publisher	Providence St. Joseph Health Digital Commons
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity and microevolution in clinical Cryptococcus isolates from Cameroon.

Sephton-Clark, Poppy / Temfack, Elvis / Tenor, Jennifer L / Toffaletti, Dena L / Loyse, Angela / Molloy, Síle F / Perfect, John R / Bicanic, Tihana / Harrison, Thomas S / Lortholary, Olivier / Kouanfack, Charles / Cuomo, Christina A

Medical mycology

2023 Volume 61, Issue 12

Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis is the second most common cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS, yet we have a limited understanding of how cryptococcal isolates change over the course of infection. Cryptococcal infections are environmentally acquired, ... ...

Abstract	Cryptococcal meningitis is the second most common cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS, yet we have a limited understanding of how cryptococcal isolates change over the course of infection. Cryptococcal infections are environmentally acquired, and the genetic diversity of these infecting isolates can also be geographically linked. Here, we employ whole genome sequences for 372 clinical Cryptococcus isolates from 341 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis obtained via a large clinical trial, across both Malawi and Cameroon, to enable population genetic comparisons of isolates between countries. We see that isolates from Cameroon are highly clonal, when compared to those from Malawi, with differential rates of disruptive variants in genes with roles in DNA binding and energy use. For a subset of patients (22) from Cameroon, we leverage longitudinal sampling, with samples taken at days 7 and 14 post-enrollment, to interrogate the genetic changes that arise over the course of infection, and the genetic diversity of isolates within patients. We see disruptive variants arising over the course of infection in several genes, including the phagocytosis-regulating transcription factor GAT204. In addition, in 13% of patients sampled longitudinally, we see evidence for mixed infections. This approach identifies geographically linked genetic variation, signatures of microevolution, and evidence for mixed infections across a clinical cohort of patients affected by cryptococcal meningitis in Central Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal/veterinary ; Cryptococcus neoformans/genetics ; Cryptococcus/genetics ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Coinfection/veterinary ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/veterinary ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1421796-x
ISSN	1460-2709 ; 1369-3786
ISSN (online)	1460-2709
ISSN	1369-3786
DOI	10.1093/mmy/myad116
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Article ; Online: Selecting soil hydraulic properties as indicators of soil health: Measurement response to management and site characteristics

Bagnall, Dianna K. / Morgan, Cristine L. S. / Bean, G. Mac / Liptzin, Daniel / Cappellazzi, Shannon B. / Cope, Michael / Greub, Kelsey L. H. / Rieke, Elizabeth L. / Norris, Charlotte E. / Tracy, Paul W. / Aberle, Ezra / Ashworth, Amanda / Tavarez, Oscar Bañuelos / Bary, Andy I. / Baumhardt, R. L. / Gracia, Alberto Borbón / Brainard, Daniel C. / Brennan, Jameson R. / Reyes, Dolores Briones /

Bruhjell, Darren / Carlyle, Cameron N. / Crawford, James J. W. / Creech, Cody F. / Culman, Steven W. / Deen, Bill / Dell, Curtis J. / Derner, Justin D. / Ducey, Thomas F. / Duiker, Sjoerd W. / Dyck, Miles F. / Ellert, Benjamin H. / Entz, Martin H. / Solorio, Avelino Espinosa / Fonte, Steven J. / Fonteyne, Simon / Fortuna, Ann‐Marie / Foster, Jamie L. / Fultz, Lisa M. / Gamble, Audrey V. / Geddes, Charles M. / Griffin‐LaHue, Deirdre / Grove, John H. / Hamilton, Stephen K. / Hao, Xiying / Hayden, Zachary D. / Honsdorf, Nora / Howe, Julie A. / Ippolito, James A. / Johnson, Gregg A. / Kautz, Mark A. / Kitchen, Newell R. / Kumar, Sandeep / Kurtz, Kirsten S. M. / Larney, Francis J. / Lewis, Katie L. / Liebman, Matt / López Ramírez, Antonio / Machado, Stephen / Maharjan, Bijesh / Martínez Gamiño, Miguel Ángel / May, Billy / McClaran, Mitchel P. / McDaniel, Marshall D. / Millar, Neville / Mitchell, Jeffrey P. / Moore, Amber D. / Moore, Philip A., Jr / Gutiérrez, Manuel Mora / Nelson, Kelly A. / Omondi, Emmanuel C. / Osborne, Shannon L. / Alcalá, Leodegario Osorio / Owens, Philip / Pena‐Yewtukhiw, Eugenia M. / Poffenbarger, Hanna J. / Lira, Brenda Ponce / Reeve, Jennifer R. / Reinbott, Timothy M. / Reiter, Mark S. / Ritchey, Edwin L. / Roozeboom, Kraig L. / Rui, Yichao / Sadeghpour, Amir / Sainju, Upendra M. / Sanford, Gregg R. / Schillinger, William F. / Schindelbeck, Robert R. / Schipanski, Meagan E. / Schlegel, Alan J. / Scow, Kate M. / Sherrod, Lucretia A. / Shober, Amy L. / Sidhu, Sudeep S. / Moya, Ernesto Solís / St. Luce, Mervin / Strock, Jeffrey S. / Suyker, Andrew E. / Sykes, Virginia R. / Tao, Haiying / Campos, Alberto Trujillo / Van Eerd, Laura L. / van Es, Harold M. / Verhulst, Nele / Vyn, Tony J. / Wang, Yutao / Watts, Dexter B. / Wright, David L. / Zhang, Tiequan / Honeycutt, Wayne

Soil Science Society of America journal. 2022 Sept., v. 86, no. 5 p.1206-1226

2022

Abstract: Farmers, scientists, and other soil health stakeholders require interpretable indicators of soil hydraulic function. Determining which indicators to use has been difficult because of measurement disconformity, spatial and temporal variability, recently ... ...

Abstract	Farmers, scientists, and other soil health stakeholders require interpretable indicators of soil hydraulic function. Determining which indicators to use has been difficult because of measurement disconformity, spatial and temporal variability, recently established treatments, and the effect of site characteristics on management practice differences. The North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements includes 124 sites uniformly sampled across a range of soil health management practices in North America in 2019. We compare and recommend indicators of hydraulic function that best characterize soil health. We assessed the relationship of each indicator to a suite of soil inherent properties and climate variables, the response of each indicator to soil health management practices, the effect that soil inherent properties (clay content, sand content, and pH) and climatic variables (10‐yr mean annual precipitation and temperature) had on response to management practices, and the relationship among the responses of the indicators to soil health management practices. Field capacity measured on intact cores (θFC_INTACT) was the best measure of soil hydraulic function, because it responded to management, represents a direct measure of soil hydraulic function, is proximal to stakeholder values, and its response to management was not significantly influenced by inherent and climatic variables. Other suitable indicators are bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), and aggregate stability, which are not direct measures of soil hydraulic function but do respond to management and may be practical in situations in which measuring θFC_INTACT is not. This study informs selection of soil health indicators to measure soil hydraulic function.
Keywords	aggregate stability ; atmospheric precipitation ; bulk density ; clay fraction ; climate ; field capacity ; pH ; sand fraction ; soil organic carbon ; soil quality ; stakeholders ; temperature ; temporal variation ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 1206-1226.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	196788-5
ISSN	0361-5995
ISSN	0361-5995
DOI	10.1002/saj2.20428
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals

Robbiani, Davide F. / Gaebler, Christian / Muecksch, Frauke / Lorenzi, Julio C. C. / Wang, Zijun / Cho, Alice / Agudelo, Marianna / Barnes, Christopher O. / Gazumyan, Anna / Finkin, Shlomo / Hägglöf, Thomas / Oliveira, Thiago Y. / Viant, Charlotte / Hurley, Arlene / Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich / Millard, Katrina G. / Kost, Rhonda G. / Gordon, Kristie / Cipolla, Melissa /

Bianchini, Filippo / Chen, Spencer T. / Ramos, Victor / Patel, Roshni / Dizon, Juan / Shimeliovich, Irina / Mendoza, Pilar / Hartweger, Harald / Nogueira, Lilian / Pack, Maggi / Horowitz, Jill / Schmidt, Fabian / Weisblum, Yiska / Michailidis, Eleftherios / Ashbrook, Alison W. / Waltari, Eric / Pak, John E. / Huey-Tubman, Kathryn E. / Koranda, Nicholas / Hoffman, Pauline R. / West, Anthony P., Jr. / Rice, Charles M. / Hatziioannou, Theodora / Bjorkman, Pamela J. / Bieniasz, Paul D. / Caskey, Marina / Nussenzweig, Michel C.

2020

Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of people and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Virus entry into cells depends on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S). Although there is no vaccine, it is ... ...

Abstract	During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of people and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Virus entry into cells depends on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S). Although there is no vaccine, it is likely that antibodies will be essential for protection. However, little is known about the human antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Here we report on 149 COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Plasmas collected an average of 39 days after the onset of symptoms had variable half-maximal pseudovirus neutralizing titres: less than 1:50 in 33% and below 1:1,000 in 79%, while only 1% showed titres above 1:5,000. Antibody sequencing revealed expanded clones of RBD-specific memory B cells expressing closely related antibodies in different individuals. Despite low plasma titres, antibodies to three distinct epitopes on RBD neutralized at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀ values) as low as single digit nanograms per millitre. Thus, most convalescent plasmas obtained from individuals who recover from COVID-19 do not contain high levels of neutralizing activity. Nevertheless, rare but recurring RBD-specific antibodies with potent antiviral activity were found in all individuals tested, suggesting that a vaccine designed to elicit such antibodies could be broadly effective.
Keywords	covid19
Publishing date	2020-08-20
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya

Clair Null, PhD / Christine P Stewart, PhD / Amy J Pickering, PhD / Holly N Dentz, MPH / Benjamin F Arnold, PhD / Charles D Arnold, MS / Jade Benjamin-Chung, PhD / Thomas Clasen, ProfPhD / Kathryn G Dewey, ProfPhD / Lia C H Fernald, ProfPhD / Alan E Hubbard, PhD / Patricia Kariger, PhD / Audrie Lin, PhD / Stephen P Luby, MD / Andrew Mertens, MS / Sammy M Njenga, PhD / Geoffrey Nyambane, MA / Pavani K Ram, MD / John M Colford, Jr, ProfMD

The Lancet Global Health, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp e316-e

a cluster-randomised controlled trial

2018 Volume 329

Abstract: Summary: Background: Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed to assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, and ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed to assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. Methods: The WASH Benefits cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Kenya and evaluated outcomes at 1 year and 2 years of follow-up. Geographically-adjacent clusters were block-randomised to active control (household visits to measure mid-upper-arm circumference), passive control (data collection only), or compound-level interventions including household visits to promote target behaviours: drinking chlorinated water (water); safe sanitation consisting of disposing faeces in an improved latrine (sanitation); handwashing with soap (handwashing); combined water, sanitation, and handwashing; counselling on appropriate maternal, infant, and young child feeding plus small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6–24 months (nutrition); and combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition. Primary outcomes were caregiver-reported diarrhoea in the past 7 days and length-for-age Z score at year 2 in index children born to the enrolled pregnant women. Masking was not possible for data collection, but analyses were masked. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01704105. Findings: Between Nov 27, 2012, and May 21, 2014, 8246 women in 702 clusters were enrolled and randomly assigned an intervention or control group. 1919 women were assigned to the active control group; 938 to passive control; 904 to water; 892 to sanitation; 917 to handwashing; 912 to combined water, sanitation, and handwashing; 843 to nutrition; and 921 to combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition. Data on diarrhoea at year 1 or year 2 were available for 6494 children and data on length-for-age Z score in year 2 were available for 6583 ...
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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