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Article: Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19.

Lega, Sara / Naviglio, Samuele / Volpi, Stefano / Tommasini, Alberto

2020 Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract: As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort ... This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host ...

Abstract	As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines8020224
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Book ; Online: Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19

Sara Lega / Samuele Naviglio / Stefano Volpi / Alberto Tommasini

Vaccines ; Volume 8 ; Issue 2

2020

Abstract	As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.
Keywords	coronavirus ; Covid-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; immune response ; T cell repertoire ; cytokine storm ; antiviral immunity ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19

Sara Lega / Samuele Naviglio / Stefano Volpi / Alberto Tommasini

Vaccines, Vol 8, Iss 224, p

2020 Volume 224

Abstract	As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.
Keywords	coronavirus ; Covid-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; immune response ; T cell repertoire ; cytokine storm ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Is carotid screening redundant for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?

Volpi, Sara / Ali, Jason M

Journal of cardiac surgery

2020 Volume 35, Issue 9, Page(s) 2297–2306

Abstract: Objectives: Stroke is a devastating complication following coronary artery bypass grafting, which thankfully occurs with low incidence. The role of preoperative carotid ultrasound remains unclear. Whilst it is a cheap and reliable way of diagnosing ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Stroke is a devastating complication following coronary artery bypass grafting, which thankfully occurs with low incidence. The role of preoperative carotid ultrasound remains unclear. Whilst it is a cheap and reliable way of diagnosing carotid stenosis (CS), it is unclear if and how this knowledge should impact on subsequent patient management. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA guideline. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database from 1950 to May 2020 using the OVID interface. Fifteen papers out of a total of 5931 were identified for inclusion. Results: The evidence overall suggests that patients with severe CS are likely to have an increased incidence of postoperative stroke-however, the prevalence of severe CS is low, and even in this cohort of patients, the incidence is not particularly high. Conclusion: In screened patients identified to have severe CS, there appears to be a generally low appetite for undertaking carotid intervention internationally either before or concurrently with the coronary artery bypass grafting. Putting this all together, the widespread screening of asymptomatic patients would appear to not be justified.
MeSH term(s)	Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis/epidemiology ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	639059-6
ISSN	1540-8191 ; 0886-0440
ISSN (online)	1540-8191
ISSN	0886-0440
DOI	10.1111/jocs.14771
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Article: A case report of unusual recurrent bronchopneumonia infections in Mounier-Kuhn syndrome.

Rossi, Sara / Volpi, Federica / Castellana, Roberto / Pancani, Roberta / Dente, Federico / Gaeta, Roberta / Carrozzi, Laura / Neri, Emanuele / Romei, Chiara

Radiology case reports

2024 Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 2525–2530

Abstract: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare airway disease characterized by tracheal and bronchial dilatation, primarily affecting middle-aged men. We present a case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in a 40-year-old man with a history of recurrent respiratory infections ... ...

Abstract	Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare airway disease characterized by tracheal and bronchial dilatation, primarily affecting middle-aged men. We present a case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in a 40-year-old man with a history of recurrent respiratory infections since adolescence. The diagnostic journey involved a multidisciplinary approach incorporating clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, and bronchoscopy. Computed tomography findings, including maximum intensity projection reconstructions and 3D rendering, facilitated the diagnosis by revealing significant airway dilation and associated abnormalities. Treatment primarily focused on supportive measures, including antibiotic therapy and respiratory physiotherapy. This case underscores the importance of considering Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in patients with recurrent respiratory infections and highlights the role of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2406300-9
ISSN	1930-0433
ISSN	1930-0433
DOI	10.1016/j.radcr.2024.03.028
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Article: Recent insight into SARS-COV2 immunopathology and rationale for potential treatment and preventive strategies in COVID-19

Lega, Sara / Naviglio, Samuele / Volpi, Stefano / Tommasini, Alberto

Vaccines

Abstract	As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #260121
Database	COVID19

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Article: Actinomyces

Del Fabro, Giovanni / Volpi, Sara / Fumarola, Benedetta / Migliorati, Manuela / Bertelli, Davide / Signorini, Liana / Matteelli, Alberto / Meschiari, Marianna

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract: Background: Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of : Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-series of : Results: We report five original cases of : Conclusions: This ...

Abstract	Background: Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-series of Results: We report five original cases of Conclusions: This case-series aims to raise the diagnostic suspicion and to describe the current management of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11122931
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Article ; Online: A proof-of-concept study on the genomic evolution of Sars-Cov-2 in molnupiravir-treated, paxlovid-treated and drug-naïve patients.

Communications biology

2022 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 1376

Abstract: Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution under Molnupiravir and Paxlovid, the only antivirals ... approved for COVID-19 treatment. By investigating SARS-CoV-2 variability in 8 Molnupiravir-treated, 7 ...

Abstract	Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution under Molnupiravir and Paxlovid, the only antivirals approved for COVID-19 treatment. By investigating SARS-CoV-2 variability in 8 Molnupiravir-treated, 7 Paxlovid-treated and 5 drug-naïve individuals at 4 time-points (Days 0-2-5-7), a higher genetic distance is found under Molnupiravir pressure compared to Paxlovid and no-drug pressure (nucleotide-substitutions/site mean±Standard error: 18.7 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Evolution, Molecular
Chemical Substances	molnupiravir (YA84KI1VEW) ; nirmatrelvir and ritonavir drug combination ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-022-04322-8
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Article ; Online: Resilience and Frailty in People Living With HIV During the COVID Era: Two Complementary Constructs Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life.

Guaraldi, Giovanni / Milic, Jovana / Barbieri, Sara / Marchiò, Tommaso / Caselgrandi, Agnese / Volpi, Sara / Aprile, Emanuele / Belli, Michela / Venuta, Maria / Mussini, Cristina

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

2022 Volume 89, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S65–S72

Abstract: Background: Resilience is defined as an individual's positive adaptation to stressors. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a generalized stressor which may affect differently people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this study was to characterize ... ...

Abstract	Background: Resilience is defined as an individual's positive adaptation to stressors. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a generalized stressor which may affect differently people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this study was to characterize resilience in PLWH with particular regarding the identification of frailty-resilience phenotypes, which may differently affect health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Methods: This was an observational study of PLWH attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic. Frailty was assessed in 2019, before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by using 37-Item frailty index ranging from 0 to 1. The frailty index score was categorized as fit (<0.25) or frail (>0.25). In January 2021, PLWH were offered to complete a set of electronic questionnaires including the CD-RISC-25 for resilience and EQ-5D5L and SF-36 for HR-QoL. Resilience was defined as CD-RISC-25 score >75.7 (ranging from 0 to 100). Results: Of 800 PLWH reached by mail, 575 (72%) completed the questionnaires. The median age and HIV duration were 54.5 and 24.3 years, respectively. Impaired resilience was associated with loneliness [odds ratio (OR = 2.39; 1.20 to 4.76, P < 0.001)]. Predictors for EQ-5D5L <89.7% were the phenotypes "frail/nonresilient" [OR = 5.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.62 to 10.33] and "fit/nonresilient" (OR = 5.48, 95% CI: 2.8 to 10.74). Predictors for SF-36 <64.40 were the phenotypes "frail/nonresilient" (OR = 7.43, 95% CI: 2.57 to 21.22) and "fit/nonresilient" (OR = 6.27, 95% CI: 2.17 to 18.16). Both models were corrected for age, sex, HIV duration, and nadir CD4. Conclusions: Resilience characterizes the well-being of PLWH during the COVID-19 crisis. This construct is complementary to frailty in the identification of clinical phenotypes with different impacts on HR-QoL.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Frail Elderly/psychology ; Frailty/psychology ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Resilience, Psychological ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	645053-2
ISSN	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
ISSN (online)	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
ISSN	0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0000000000002865
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and replication is impaired in Cystic Fibrosis airways due to ACE2 downregulation.

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 132

Abstract: ... may influence coronavirus disease 2019 progression, here we describe the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors ... our results indicate that dysfunctional CFTR channels alter susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting ... the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein induced high levels of Interleukin 6 in healthy donor-derived primary ...

Abstract	As an inherited disorder characterized by severe pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis could be considered a comorbidity for coronavirus disease 2019. Instead, current clinical evidence seems to be heading in the opposite direction. To clarify whether host factors expressed by the Cystic Fibrosis epithelia may influence coronavirus disease 2019 progression, here we describe the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in primary airway epithelial cells. We show that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and localization are regulated by Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. Consistently, our results indicate that dysfunctional CFTR channels alter susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting in reduced viral entry and replication in Cystic Fibrosis cells. Depending on the pattern of ACE2 expression, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein induced high levels of Interleukin 6 in healthy donor-derived primary airway epithelial cells, but a very weak response in primary Cystic Fibrosis cells. Collectively, these data support that Cystic Fibrosis condition may be at least partially protecting from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Virus Internalization ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6) ; Receptors, Virus ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-35862-0
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