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Article ; Online: (S)-S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of pre-menstrual disorders in adult women: A protocol for an open-label pilot study.

Stevenson, Brendan / Gavrilidis, Emorfia / Malik, Yasmin / Kulkarni, Jayashri

Contemporary clinical trials communications

2024 Volume 39, Page(s) 101297

Abstract: ... gonadotropin Releasing Hormone analogues and Complementary and Alternative Medicines in treating Pre-menstrual disorders. (S)-S ... the efficacy of (S)-S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of pre-menstrual disorders. The proposed study is ... S)-S-adenosylmethionine Complex 400 mg three times a day (total daily dose 1200 mg), during the pre ...

Abstract	Pre-menstrual disorders, including pre-menstrual syndrome and pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, are highly prevalent disorders in women of reproductive age. Pre-menstrual disorders are associated with debilitating symptoms that onset in the days prior to menses. A complex interplay between hormonal fluctuations, cellular sensitivity, and psychosocial stressors likely underly the pathophysiology of pre-menstrual disorders. Current treatment options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, hormonal therapies, and psychosocial support. There is growing evidence for oestrogen, progesterone, gonadotropin Releasing Hormone analogues and Complementary and Alternative Medicines in treating Pre-menstrual disorders. (S)-S-adenosylmethionine is a complementary and alternative medicine with postulated roles in the treatment of depression, with a rather rapid onset of action and minimal side effect profile. We propose a protocol for investigating the efficacy of (S)-S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of pre-menstrual disorders. The proposed study is an open label pilot study, that will recruit thirty women between the ages of 18-45 who experience a pre-menstrual disorder. Daily and interval questionnaires will provide a quantification of symptoms across four menstrual cycles (16 weeks). During two consecutive menstrual cycles it is proposed that participants receive oral (S)-S-adenosylmethionine Complex 400 mg three times a day (total daily dose 1200 mg), during the pre-menstrual time-period (14 days prior to menses). Changes in pre-menstrual disorder symptoms between control and treatment cycles will assist in elucidating the clinical efficacy of (S)-S-adenosylmethionine. This study has the potential to support a larger double blinded, placebo controlled randomised control trial and aims to enrich the knowledge surrounding pre-menstrual disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-8654
ISSN (online)	2451-8654
DOI	10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101297
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Information content of note transitions in the music of J. S. Bach.

Kulkarni, Suman / David, Sophia U / Lynn, Christopher W / Bassett, Dani S

ArXiv

2023

Abstract: ... we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens of network science and information theory. Regarded ...

Abstract	Music has a complex structure that expresses emotion and conveys information. Humans process that information through imperfect cognitive instruments that produce a gestalt, smeared version of reality. How can we quantify the information contained in a piece of music? Further, what is the information inferred by a human, and how does that relate to (and differ from) the true structure of a piece? To tackle these questions quantitatively, we present a framework to study the information conveyed in a musical piece by constructing and analyzing networks formed by notes (nodes) and their transitions (edges). Using this framework, we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens of network science and information theory. Regarded as one of the greatest composers in the Western music tradition, Bach's work is highly mathematically structured and spans a wide range of compositional forms, such as fugues and choral pieces. Conceptualizing each composition as a network of note transitions, we quantify the information contained in each piece and find that different kinds of compositions can be grouped together according to their information content and network structure. Moreover, we find that the music networks communicate large amounts of information while maintaining small deviations of the inferred network from the true network, suggesting that they are structured for efficient communication of information. We probe the network structures that enable this rapid and efficient communication of information--namely, high heterogeneity and strong clustering. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the information and network properties of Bach's compositions. More generally, our framework serves as a stepping stone for exploring musical complexities, creativity and the structure of information in a range of complex systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
ISSN	2331-8422
ISSN (online)	2331-8422
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Article ; Online: Rural women’s empowerment in nutrition

Narayanan, Sudha / Lentz, Erin / Fontana, Marzia / Kulkarni, Bharati

Journal of Development Studies 58(1): 1-18

A framework linking food, health and institutions

2022

Abstract: PR ... IFPRI3; ISI; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity Strengthening; DCA ... ...

Abstract	PR IFPRI3; ISI; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity Strengthening; DCA SAR
Keywords	INDIA ; SOUTH ASIA ; ASIA ; BANGLADESH ; empowerment ; gender ; women ; women's empowerment ; nutrition ; health ; rural areas ; malnutrition
Language	English
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cancer: More than a geneticist’s Pandora’s box

Saxena, Kritika / Subbalakshmi, Ayalur Raghu / Kulkarni, Prakash / Jolly, Mohit Kumar

Journal of biosciences. 2022 June, v. 47, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Despite identical genetic constitution, a cancer cell population can exhibit phenotypic variations termed as non-genetic/non-mutational heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity – a ubiquitous nature of biological systems – has been implicated in metastasis, ... ...

Abstract	Despite identical genetic constitution, a cancer cell population can exhibit phenotypic variations termed as non-genetic/non-mutational heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity – a ubiquitous nature of biological systems – has been implicated in metastasis, therapy resistance and tumour relapse. Here, we review the evidence for existence, sources and implications of non-genetic heterogeneity in multiple cancer types. Stochasticity/noise in transcription, protein conformation and/or external microenvironment can underlie such heterogeneity. Moreover, the existence of multiple possible cell states (phenotypes) as a consequence of the emergent dynamics of gene regulatory networks may enable reversible cell-state transitions (phenotypic plasticity) that can facilitate adaptive drug resistance and higher metastatic fitness. Finally, we highlight how computational and mathematical models can drive a better understanding of non-genetic heterogeneity and how a systems-level approach integrating mathematical modeling and in vitro/in vivo experiments can map the diverse phenotypic repertoire and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of an otherwise clonal cell population.
Keywords	drug resistance ; genes ; geneticists ; metastasis ; neoplasm cells ; neoplasms ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; protein conformation ; relapse ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Size	p. 21.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	756157-x
ISSN	0973-7138 ; 0250-5991
ISSN (online)	0973-7138
ISSN	0250-5991
DOI	10.1007/s12038-022-00254-x
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Book ; Online: Information content of note transitions in the music of J. S. Bach

Kulkarni, Suman / David, Sophia U. / Lynn, Christopher W. / Bassett, Dani S.

2023

Abstract: ... we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens of network science and information theory. Regarded ...

Abstract	Music has a complex structure that expresses emotion and conveys information. Humans process that information through imperfect cognitive instruments that produce a gestalt, smeared version of reality. How can we quantify the information contained in a piece of music? Further, what is the information inferred by a human, and how does that relate to (and differ from) the true structure of a piece? To tackle these questions quantitatively, we present a framework to study the information conveyed in a musical piece by constructing and analyzing networks formed by notes (nodes) and their transitions (edges). Using this framework, we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens of network science and information theory. Regarded as one of the greatest composers in the Western music tradition, Bach's work is highly mathematically structured and spans a wide range of compositional forms, such as fugues and choral pieces. Conceptualizing each composition as a network of note transitions, we quantify the information contained in each piece and find that different kinds of compositions can be grouped together according to their information content and network structure. Moreover, we find that the music networks communicate large amounts of information while maintaining small deviations of the inferred network from the true network, suggesting that they are structured for efficient communication of information. We probe the network structures that enable this rapid and efficient communication of information--namely, high heterogeneity and strong clustering. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the information and network properties of Bach's compositions. More generally, our framework serves as a stepping stone for exploring musical complexities, creativity and the structure of information in a range of complex systems. Comment: 22 pages, 13 figure; discussion in section IV and VII expanded, references added, results unchanged
Keywords	Physics - Physics and Society ; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Subject code	780
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genotypic Characterization of the U.S. Peanut Core Collection.

Otyama, Paul I / Kulkarni, Roshan / Chamberlin, Kelly / Ozias-Akins, Peggy / Chu, Ye / Lincoln, Lori M / MacDonald, Gregory E / Anglin, Noelle L / Dash, Sudhansu / Bertioli, David J / Fernández-Baca, David / Graham, Michelle A / Cannon, Steven B / Cannon, Ethalinda K S

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2020 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 4013–4026

Abstract: Cultivated peanut ( ...

Abstract	Cultivated peanut (
MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Arachis/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1534/g3.120.401306
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Article: Assessment of floating solar photovoltaic potential in India’s existing hydropower reservoirs

Mamatha, G. / Kulkarni, P.S.

International Energy Initiative Energy for sustainable development. 2022 Aug., v. 69

2022

Abstract: The hydropower share of the Indian electrical sector has declined significantly over time, and a greater reliance on the complementation of thermoelectric power plants to meet energy demand. This issue has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, ... ...

Abstract	The hydropower share of the Indian electrical sector has declined significantly over time, and a greater reliance on the complementation of thermoelectric power plants to meet energy demand. This issue has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which has exacerbated climate change and altered rainfall regimes in numerous sections of the country, as well as increased potential evapotranspiration. Installing floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) plants in existing hydropower reservoirs would increase the hydropower share and reduce evaporation losses. FSPV is also assisting the country in meeting the net-zero carbon emission target and India's rapidly rising population's current and future energy needs. Using very accurate water surface data from the country's 117 hydroelectric reservoirs, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential of FSPV installations in Indian hydropower reservoirs. In addition to electricity generation, CO₂ savings and evaporation savings are calculated. The additional hydropower generated, as well as the number of people who could be able to benefit due to these water savings, are also estimated at reservoir level for four different scenarios considering pontoon type of floating structure. The results show that with total coverage of less than 4% area of hydroelectric reservoirs, existing hydropower plants can double their installed power capacity and increase their electricity output by 52%, producing an additional 66.56 TWh per year. In this case, water savings could total 837 million m³/year, resulting in a 1.566 TWh of additional annual hydroelectricity generation.
Keywords	carbon ; carbon dioxide ; climate change ; electricity ; electricity generation ; evaporation ; evapotranspiration ; greenhouse gases ; hydroelectric power ; people ; rain ; sustainable development ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 64-76.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0973-0826
DOI	10.1016/j.esd.2022.05.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Psychosocial Stressors and Maternal Mental Health in the U.S. During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Parcesepe, Angela M / Kulkarni, Sarah G / Grov, Christian / Zimba, Rebecca / You, William / Westmoreland, Drew A / Berry, Amanda / Kochhar, Shivani / Rane, Madhura S / Mirzayi, Chloe / Maroko, Andrew R / Nash, Denis

Maternal and child health journal

2023 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 335–345

Abstract: ... sociodemographically diverse sample of 776 mothers in the U.S. with children ≤ 18 years of age. Log binomial models ...

Abstract	Objectives: The COVID pandemic has had widespread impacts on maternal mental health. This research aims to examine the relationship between psychosocial stressors and symptoms of depression and anxiety and the extent to which emotional support or resilient coping moderates the relationship between psychosocial stressors and maternal mental health during the first wave of the COVID pandemic. Methods: This analysis includes data collected in October and November 2020 from a geographically and sociodemographically diverse sample of 776 mothers in the U.S. with children ≤ 18 years of age. Log binomial models were used to estimate the association between moderate or severe symptoms of anxiety and depression and psychosocial stressors. Results: Symptoms of moderate or severe anxiety and depression were reported by 37.5% and 37.6% of participants, respectively. Moderate (aRR 2.76 [95% CI 1.87, 4.07]) and high (aRR 4.95 [95% CI 3.40, 7.20]) levels of perceived stress were associated with greater risk of moderate or severe anxiety symptoms. Moderate and high levels of parental burnout were also associated with greater prevalence of moderate or severe anxiety symptoms in multivariable models. Results were similar when examining the relationship among stress, parental burnout, and depressive symptoms. Neither resilient coping nor social support modified the relationship between psychosocial stressors and mental health. Conclusions for practice: Evidence-based strategies to reduce stress and parental burnout and improve the mental health of mothers are urgently needed. Strategies focused on bolstering coping and social support may be insufficient to improve maternal mental health during acute public health emergencies.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Humans ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; Pandemics ; Psychological Distress
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1339905-6
ISSN	1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
ISSN (online)	1573-6628
ISSN	1092-7875
DOI	10.1007/s10995-022-03578-0
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Article ; Online: Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the U.S. pandemic.

Nash, Denis / Qasmieh, Saba / Robertson, McKaylee / Rane, Madhura / Zimba, Rebecca / Kulkarni, Sarah G / Berry, Amanda / You, William / Mirzayi, Chloe / Westmoreland, Drew / Parcesepe, Angela / Waldron, Levi / Kochhar, Shivani / Maroko, Andrew R / Grov, Christian

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0271786

Abstract: ... for severe COVID-19 disease.: Methods: We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. Methods: We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020. Results: In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7-19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2-6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0-6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15-4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings. Conclusion: Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Crowding ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271786
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Article ; Online: Phylogenomics illuminates the evolution of orb webs, respiratory systems and the biogeographic history of the world’s smallest orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea, Symphytognathoids)

Kulkarni, Siddharth / Wood, Hannah M. / Hormiga, Gustavo

Elsevier Inc. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2023 Sept., v. 186 p.107855-

2023

Abstract: The miniature orb weaving spiders (symphytognathoids) are a group of small spiders (<2 mm), including the smallest adult spider Patu digua (0.37 mm in body length), that have been classified into five families. The species of one of its constituent ... ...

Abstract	The miniature orb weaving spiders (symphytognathoids) are a group of small spiders (<2 mm), including the smallest adult spider Patu digua (0.37 mm in body length), that have been classified into five families. The species of one of its constituent lineages, the family Anapidae, build a remarkable diversity of webs (ranging from orbs to sheet webs and irregular tangles) and even include a webless kleptoparasitic species. Anapids are also exceptional because of the extraordinary diversity of their respiratory systems. The phylogenetic relationships of symphytognathoid families have been recalcitrant with different classes of data, such as, monophyletic with morphology and its concatenation with Sanger-based six markers, paraphyletic (including a paraphyletic Anapidae) with solely Sanger-based six markers, and polyphyletic with transcriptomes. In this study, we capitalized on a large taxonomic sampling of symphytognathoids, focusing on Anapidae, and using de novo sequenced ultraconserved elements (UCEs) combined with UCEs recovered from available transcriptomes and genomes. We evaluated the conflicting relationships using a variety of support metrics and topology tests. We found support for the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed using morphology to obtain the “symphytognathoids'' clade, Anterior Tracheal System (ANTS) Clade and monophyly of the family Anapidae. Anapidae can be divided into three major lineages, the Vichitra Clade (including Teutoniella, Holarchaea, Sofanapis and Acrobleps), the subfamily Micropholcommatinae and the Orb-weaving anapids (Owa) Clade. Biogeographic analyses reconstructed a hypothesis of multiple long-distance transoceanic dispersal events, potentially influenced by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and West Wind Drift. In symphytognathoids, the ancestral anterior tracheal system transformed to book lungs four times and reduced book lungs five times. The posterior tracheal system was lost six times. The orb web structure was lost four times independently and transformed into sheet web once.
Keywords	Araneae ; adults ; body length ; genome ; geographical distribution ; monophyly ; paraphyly ; polyphyly ; spiders ; topology ; transcriptome ; Antarctic region ; Web evolution ; Respiratory systems ; Ultraconserved elements ; Discordant loci
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	33610-5
ISSN	1095-9513 ; 1055-7903
ISSN (online)	1095-9513
ISSN	1055-7903
DOI	10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107855
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