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  1. Article ; Online: Pool patents to get COVID vaccines and drugs to all.

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Dequiedt, Vianney / Versaevel, Bruno

    Nature

    2021  Volume 591, Issue 7851, Page(s) 529

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Drug Development/economics ; Drug Industry/economics ; Drugs, Generic/economics ; Drugs, Generic/supply & distribution ; Humans ; Licensure/legislation & jurisprudence ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; World Health Organization/organization & administration
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Drugs, Generic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-021-00759-9
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    Zs.A 26: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Biopharmaceutical R&D outsourcing: Short-term gain for long-term pain?

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Scannell, Jack W / Versaevel, Bruno

    Drug discovery today

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 103333

    Abstract: Research and development (R&D) outsourcing offers some obvious productivity benefits (e.g., access to new technology, variabilised costs, risk sharing, etc.). However, recent work in economics points to a productivity headwind at the level of the ... ...

    Abstract Research and development (R&D) outsourcing offers some obvious productivity benefits (e.g., access to new technology, variabilised costs, risk sharing, etc.). However, recent work in economics points to a productivity headwind at the level of the innovation ecosystem. The market for technologies with economies of scope and knowledge spillovers (those with the biggest impact on industry economics and social welfare) has structural features that allow customers to capture a disproportionate share of economic value and transfer a disproportionate share of economic risk to technology providers, even though the providers aim to maximise profit. This reduces the incentives to invest in new ventures that specialise in the most promising early-stage projects. Therefore, near-term gains from R&D outsourcing can be offset by slower innovation in the long run.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1324988-5
    ISSN 1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
    ISSN (online) 1878-5832
    ISSN 1359-6446
    DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.08.001
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    Zs.A 4725: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article: Tradable climate liabilities: A thought experiment

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Leroux, Justin

    Ecological economics. 2019 Oct., v. 164

    2019  

    Abstract: We envision the creation of a climate liability market to address climate change. Each period, countries are issued liability commensurate to their emissions of the period. Liability bearers are required to pay over time, as climate harm materializes. ... ...

    Abstract We envision the creation of a climate liability market to address climate change. Each period, countries are issued liability commensurate to their emissions of the period. Liability bearers are required to pay over time, as climate harm materializes. Revenues are used to compensate participating countries in proportion of climate harm. Because liabilities are traded like financial debt among participants, the mechanism achieves a unique carbon price through decentralization of the choice of a discount rate as well as beliefs about the severity of the climate problem. We discuss properties of such a mechanism along the dimensions of efficiency, fairness, exposure to risk, commitment, participation, as well as implementation challenges.
    Keywords carbon markets ; climate ; climate change ; debt ; decentralization ; discount rate ; emissions ; income ; risk
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-10
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0921-8009
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106355
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: One lab, two firms, many possibilities: On R&D outsourcing in the biopharmaceutical industry.

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Versaevel, Bruno

    Journal of health economics

    2019  Volume 65, Page(s) 260–283

    Abstract: We draw from documented characteristics of the biopharmaceutical industry to construct a model where two firms can choose to outsource R&D to an external unit, and/or engage in internal R&D, before competing in a final market. We investigate the ... ...

    Abstract We draw from documented characteristics of the biopharmaceutical industry to construct a model where two firms can choose to outsource R&D to an external unit, and/or engage in internal R&D, before competing in a final market. We investigate the distribution of profits among market participants, and the incentives to coordinate outsourcing activities or to integrate R&D and production. Consistent with the empirical evidence, we find that the sign and magnitude of an aggregate measure of direct (inter-firm) and indirect (through the external unit) technological externalities drives the distribution of industry profits, with higher returns to the external unit when involved in development (clinical trials) than in early-stage research (drug discovery). In the latter case, the delinkage of investment incentives from industry value, together with the ability of firms to transfer risks to the external unit, imply a vulnerability of early-stage investors' returns to negative shocks, and the likely abandonment of projects with economic and medical value. We also find that competition in the equity market makes a buyout by one of the two firms more profitable to a research biotech than to a clinical services unit, and can stimulate early-stage investments. However, this long-term incentive can be minimal, notably if the superior efficiency of outsourced operations originates from economies of scope that can hardly be exploited when a firm takes control of the external unit exclusively for itself. R&D outsourcing thus does not always qualify as a relevant pathway to address the declining productivity in innovation that has characterized the industry over several decades.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Discovery/economics ; Drug Discovery/methods ; Drug Discovery/organization & administration ; Drug Industry/economics ; Drug Industry/organization & administration ; Economic Competition ; Humans ; Models, Economic ; Outsourced Services/economics ; Outsourced Services/methods ; Outsourced Services/organization & administration ; Research/economics ; Research/organization & administration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 625797-5
    ISSN 1879-1646 ; 0167-6296
    ISSN (online) 1879-1646
    ISSN 0167-6296
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.01.002
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    Zs.A 1779: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Development and initial validation of a screening tool for visual ability/performance of people with polyhandicap.

    Rousseau, Marie-Christine / Challe, Georges / Charbonnier, Soizic / Jacquier, Marie-Thérèse / Valkov, Maria / Tourbier, Valérie / Lemaire, Sophie / Guilluy, Etienne / Khaldi-Cherif, Nafissa / Nkam, Lionelle / Baumstarck, Karine / de Villemeur, Thierry Billette / Aegerter, Philippe

    Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 101773

    Abstract: Background: Visual impairments are common in people with polyhandicap although they are poorly assessed. However, evaluation of the visual abilities of these people is critical to determining treatment for impairments.: Objectives: To develop and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Visual impairments are common in people with polyhandicap although they are poorly assessed. However, evaluation of the visual abilities of these people is critical to determining treatment for impairments.
    Objectives: To develop and validate an easy-to-use visual-behavioural scale for assessing the visual abilities of people with polyhandicap.
    Methods: The development of the Visual Assessment for People with Polyhandicap (VA-PLH) involved 2 steps: i) construction of the scale and ii) field validation. Participant selection criteria were aged > 3 years, age at onset of cerebral lesion < 3 years, a combination of motor impairment and profound intellectual impairment associated with restricted mobility (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels [GMFCS] III, IV or V), and everyday life dependence (Functional Independency Measure [FIM] <55). Vision assessment by both an orthoptist and an ophthalmologist was the reference against which were analysed the items of the scale completed by local health care workers. Acceptability, validity, and reliability were analysed.
    Results: Amongst the 232 participants included, 217 had a complete assessment, and 33% were < 18 years of age. Ocular abnormalities were reported in 83% of participants. Visual ability was altered or insufficient in 60% of participants. The final version of the VA-PLH included 3 items related to visual reaction (Area Under Curve Receiver Operating Characteristic = 0.83). Participants were considered at-risk if they had at ≥ 1 of 3 signs present (sensitivity 83% and specificity 73%). The scale's reliability was satisfactory CONCLUSION: The VA-PLH scale provides an easy-to-use, reliable and valid measure of visual status for people with polyhandicap and may be used both in clinical practice and clinical research. In addition, this study provides an overview of the diversity of visual impairments in a large population of people with polyhandicap, showing that most experience visual challenges.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Reproducibility of Results ; Nervous System Diseases ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2480363-7
    ISSN 1877-0665 ; 1877-0657
    ISSN (online) 1877-0665
    ISSN 1877-0657
    DOI 10.1016/j.rehab.2023.101773
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    Zs.B 1857: Show issues Location:
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  6. Book ; Online: Track-and-trade

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Leroux, Justin

    a liability approach to climate policy

    (Scientific series / CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ; 2015s-18)

    2015  

    Author's details Etienne Billette de Villemeur, Justin Leroux
    Series title Scientific series / CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ; 2015s-18
    Keywords Klimapolitik ; Ökosteuer ; Pigou-Steuer
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publisher CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations
    Publishing place Montréal
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  7. Article ; Online: Identity matters to individuals: Group assessment cannot be reduced to collective performance.

    Belzung, Catherine / de Villemeur, Etienne Billette / Grevin, Anouk / Iorio, Gennaro

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2017  Volume 39, Page(s) e139

    Abstract: Although we agree that both identification and differentiation play a key role in explaining individual behaviour in groups, we suggest that (1) cohesion and differentiation should be better articulated, (2) the proposal carries implicit value choices ... ...

    Abstract Although we agree that both identification and differentiation play a key role in explaining individual behaviour in groups, we suggest that (1) cohesion and differentiation should be better articulated, (2) the proposal carries implicit value choices that are not necessarily universal, and (3) the success of a group in shaping individual behaviour should refer to the values of individual members.
    MeSH term(s) Choice Behavior ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X15001272
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  8. Book ; Online: Social welfare with social agents

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne

    few results and many questions

    (IDEI working papers ; 526)

    2008  

    Author's details Etienne Billette de Villemeur
    Series title IDEI working papers ; 526
    Keywords Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion ; Präferenztheorie ; Neurowissenschaften ; Altruismus ; Utilitarismus ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (15 S.)
    Publishing place Toulouse
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Article: Investment timing and vertical relationships

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne / Ruble, Richard / Versaevel, Bruno

    International journal of industrial organization Vol. 33 , p. 110-123

    2014  Volume 33, Page(s) 110–123

    Author's details Etienne Billette de Villemeur; Richard Ruble; Bruno Versaevel
    Keywords Irreversible investment ; Preemption ; Real options ; Vertical relations
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing place Amsterdam [u.a.]
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 875355-6
    ISSN 0167-7187
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Book ; Online: Une tarification saisonnière pour le gaz?

    Billette de Villemeur, Etienne

    Les coûts dủn schéma de régulation rigide pour un bien stockable dont la demande varie

    (IDEI working papers ; 434)

    2007  

    Author's details Etienne Billette de Villemeur
    Series title IDEI working papers ; 434
    Keywords Erdgas ; Preis ; Nachfrage ; Saisonale Schwankungen ; Preismanagement ; Frankreich
    Language French
    Size Online-Ressource, 24 S., Text, graph. Darst.
    Publishing place Toulouse
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
    Database ECONomics Information System

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