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  1. Article ; Online: Astrocytic Activation to Restore Goal-Directed Behaviors.

    Groman, Stephanie M

    Biological psychiatry

    2020  Volume 88, Issue 10, Page(s) 744–745

    MeSH term(s) Astrocytes ; Corpus Striatum ; Goals ; Neostriatum ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.024
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    Zs.A 720: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: The Neurobiology of Impulsive Decision-Making and Reinforcement Learning in Nonhuman Animals.

    Groman, Stephanie M

    Current topics in behavioral neurosciences

    2020  Volume 47, Page(s) 23–52

    Abstract: Impulsive decisions are those that favor immediate over delayed rewards, involve the acceptance of undue risk or uncertainty, or fail to adapt to environmental changes. Pathological levels of impulsive decision-making have been observed in individuals ... ...

    Abstract Impulsive decisions are those that favor immediate over delayed rewards, involve the acceptance of undue risk or uncertainty, or fail to adapt to environmental changes. Pathological levels of impulsive decision-making have been observed in individuals with mental illness, but there may be substantial heterogeneity in the processes that drive impulsive choices. Understanding this behavioral heterogeneity may be critical for understanding associated diverseness in the neural mechanisms that give rise to impulsivity. The application of reinforcement learning algorithms in the deconstruction of impulsive decision-making phenotypes can help bridge the gap between biology and behavior and provide insights into the biobehavioral heterogeneity of impulsive choice. This chapter will review the literature on the neurobiological mechanisms of impulsive decision-making in nonhuman animals; specifically, the role of the amine neuromodulatory systems (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine) in impulsive decision-making and reinforcement learning processes is discussed. Ultimately, the integration of reinforcement learning algorithms with sophisticated behavioral and neuroscience techniques may be critical for advancing the understanding of the neurochemical basis of impulsive decision-making.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Choice Behavior ; Decision Making ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Neurobiology ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reward
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1866-3370
    ISSN 1866-3370
    DOI 10.1007/7854_2020_127
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  3. Article ; Online: Investigating the computational underpinnings of addiction.

    Groman, Stephanie M

    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2019  Volume 44, Issue 13, Page(s) 2149–2150

    MeSH term(s) Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine ; Reversal Learning ; Reward ; Self Administration
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639471-1
    ISSN 1740-634X ; 0893-133X
    ISSN (online) 1740-634X
    ISSN 0893-133X
    DOI 10.1038/s41386-019-0412-x
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    Zs.A 2379: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Adolescent reinforcement-learning trajectories predict cocaine-taking behaviors in adult male and female rats.

    Villiamma, Peroushini / Casby, Jordan / Groman, Stephanie M

    Psychopharmacology

    2022  Volume 239, Issue 9, Page(s) 2885–2901

    Abstract: The anatomical, structural, and functional adaptations that occur in the brain during adolescence are thought to facilitate improvements in decision-making functions that are known to occur during this stage of development. The mechanisms that underlie ... ...

    Abstract The anatomical, structural, and functional adaptations that occur in the brain during adolescence are thought to facilitate improvements in decision-making functions that are known to occur during this stage of development. The mechanisms that underlie these neural adaptations are not known, but deviations in developmental trajectories have been proposed to contribute to the emergence of mental illness, including addiction. Direct evidence supporting this hypothesis, however, has been limited. Here, we used a recently developed reversal-learning protocol to investigate the predictive relationship between adolescent decision-making trajectories and cocaine-taking behaviors in adulthood. Decision-making functions in the reversal-learning task were assessed throughout adolescence and into adulthood in male and female Long-Evans rats. Trial-by-trial choice data was fitted with a reinforcement-learning model to quantify the degree to which choice behavior of individual rats was influenced by rewarded (e.g., ∆
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine ; Decision Making ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reversal Learning ; Reward
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 130601-7
    ISSN 1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
    ISSN (online) 1432-2072
    ISSN 0033-3158
    DOI 10.1007/s00213-022-06174-w
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  5. Article: Sex differences in oxycodone-taking behaviors are linked to disruptions in reward-guided, decision-making functions.

    LaRocco, Kaitlyn / Villiamma, Peroushini / Hill, Justin / Russell, Mara A / DiLeone, Ralph J / Groman, Stephanie M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Problematic opioid use that emerges in a subset of individuals may be due to pre-existing disruptions in the biobehavioral mechanisms that regulate drug use. The identity of these mechanisms is not known, but emerging evidence suggests that suboptimal ... ...

    Abstract Problematic opioid use that emerges in a subset of individuals may be due to pre-existing disruptions in the biobehavioral mechanisms that regulate drug use. The identity of these mechanisms is not known, but emerging evidence suggests that suboptimal decision-making that is observable prior to drug use may contribute to the pathology of addiction and, notably, serve as a powerful phenotype for interrogating biologically based differences in opiate-taking behaviors. The current study investigated the relationship between decision-making phenotypes and opioid-taking behaviors in male and female Long Evans rats. Adaptive decision-making processes were assessed using a probabilistic reversal-learning task and oxycodone- (or vehicle, as a control) taking behaviors assessed for 32 days using a saccharin fading procedure that promoted dynamic intake of oxycodone. Tests of motivation, extinction, and reinstatement were also performed. Computational analyses of decision-making and opioid-taking behaviors revealed that attenuated reward-guided decision-making was associated with greater self-administration of oxycodone and addiction-relevant behaviors. Moreover, pre-existing impairments in reward-guided decision-making observed in female rats was associated with greater oxycodone use and addiction-relevant behaviors when compared to males. These results provide new insights into the biobehavioral mechanisms that regulate opiate-taking behaviors and offer a novel phenotypic approach for interrogating sex differences in addiction susceptibility and opioid use disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.09.587443
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  6. Article ; Online: Unlocking the reinforcement-learning circuits of the orbitofrontal cortex.

    Groman, Stephanie M / Lee, Daeyeol / Taylor, Jane R

    Behavioral neuroscience

    2021  Volume 135, Issue 2, Page(s) 120–128

    Abstract: Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as being affected in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. OFC dysfunction has been proposed to be a key mechanism by which decision-making impairments emerge in ... ...

    Abstract Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as being affected in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. OFC dysfunction has been proposed to be a key mechanism by which decision-making impairments emerge in diverse clinical populations, and recent studies employing computational approaches have revealed that distinct reinforcement-learning mechanisms of decision-making differ among diagnoses. In this perspective, we propose that these computational differences may be linked to select OFC circuits and present our recent work that has used a neurocomputational approach to understand the biobehavioral mechanisms of addiction pathology in rodent models. We describe how combining translationally analogous behavioral paradigms with reinforcement-learning algorithms and sophisticated neuroscience techniques in animals can provide critical insights into OFC pathology in biobehavioral disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 230159-3
    ISSN 1939-0084 ; 0735-7044
    ISSN (online) 1939-0084
    ISSN 0735-7044
    DOI 10.1037/bne0000414
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    Zs.A 1837: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: The effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition on habit formation in mice.

    Gianessi, Carol A / Groman, Stephanie M / Taylor, Jane R

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2021  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 922–938

    Abstract: Emerging data indicate that endocannabinoid signaling is critical to the formation of habitual behavior. Previous work demonstrated that antagonism of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) with AM251 during operant training impairs habit formation, but it ... ...

    Abstract Emerging data indicate that endocannabinoid signaling is critical to the formation of habitual behavior. Previous work demonstrated that antagonism of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) with AM251 during operant training impairs habit formation, but it is not known if this behavioral effect is specific to disrupted signaling of the endocannabinoid ligands anandamide or 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). Here, we used selective pharmacological compounds during operant training to determine the impact of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition to increase anandamide (and other n-acylethanolamines) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition to increase 2-AG levels on the formation of habitual behaviors in mice using a food-reinforced contingency degradation procedure. We found, contrary to our hypothesis, that inhibition of FAAH and of MAGL disrupted the formation of habits. Next, AM251 was administered during training to verify that impaired habit formation could be assessed using contingency degradation. AM251-exposed mice responded at lower rates during training and at higher rates in the test. To understand the inconsistency with published data, we performed a proof-of-principle dose-response experiment to compare AM251 in our vehicle-solution to the published vehicle-suspension on response rates. We found consistent reductions in response rate with increasing doses of AM251 in solution and an inconsistent dose-response relationship with AM251 in suspension. Together, our data suggest that further characterization of the role of CB1R signaling in the formation of habitual responding is warranted and that augmenting endocannabinoids may have clinical utility for prophylactically preventing aberrant habit formation such as that hypothesized to occur in substance use disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Animals ; Endocannabinoids/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids/pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Habits ; Mice ; Monoacylglycerol Lipases/metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
    Chemical Substances Endocannabinoids ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; Monoacylglycerol Lipases (EC 3.1.1.23) ; Amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.-) ; fatty-acid amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-19
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.15129
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    Zs.A 2548: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Reinforcement learning detuned in addiction: integrative and translational approaches.

    Groman, Stephanie M / Thompson, Summer L / Lee, Daeyeol / Taylor, Jane R

    Trends in neurosciences

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 96–105

    Abstract: Suboptimal decision-making strategies have been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. Decision-making, however, arises from a collection of computational components that can independently influence behavior. Disruptions in these ... ...

    Abstract Suboptimal decision-making strategies have been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. Decision-making, however, arises from a collection of computational components that can independently influence behavior. Disruptions in these different components can lead to decision-making deficits that appear similar behaviorally, but differ at the computational, and likely the neurobiological, level. Here, we discuss recent studies that have used computational approaches to investigate the decision-making processes underlying addiction. Studies in animal models have found that value updating following positive, but not negative, outcomes is predictive of drug use, whereas value updating following negative, but not positive, outcomes is disrupted following drug self-administration. We contextualize these findings with studies on the circuit and biological mechanisms of decision-making to develop a framework for revealing the biobehavioral mechanisms of addiction.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Addictive ; Decision Making/physiology ; Humans ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282488-7
    ISSN 1878-108X ; 0378-5912 ; 0166-2236
    ISSN (online) 1878-108X
    ISSN 0378-5912 ; 0166-2236
    DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2021.11.007
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    Zs.MG 53: Show issues

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  9. Article ; Online: Bi-directional modulation of food habit expression by the endocannabinoid system.

    Gianessi, Carol A / Groman, Stephanie M / Taylor, Jane R

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2019  Volume 49, Issue 12, Page(s) 1610–1622

    Abstract: The compulsive, habitual behaviors that have been observed in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders may be due to disruptions in the neural circuits that mediate goal-directed actions. The endocannabinoid system has been shown to play a ... ...

    Abstract The compulsive, habitual behaviors that have been observed in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders may be due to disruptions in the neural circuits that mediate goal-directed actions. The endocannabinoid system has been shown to play a critical role in habit learning, but the role of this neuromodulatory system in habit expression is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the endocannabinoid system in established habitual actions using contingency degradation in male C57BL/6 mice. We found that administration of the endocannabinoid transport inhibitor AM404 reduced habitual responding for food and that antagonism of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), but not transient receptor potential cation subfamily V (TRPV1), receptors produced a similar reduction in habitual responding. Moreover, pharmacological stimulation of CB1 receptors increased habitual responding for food. Co-administration of an enzyme inhibitor that selectively increases the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) with AM404 partially restored habitual responding for food. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role for the endocannabinoid system in the expression of habits and provide novel insights into potential pharmacological strategies for reducing habitual behaviors in mental disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Conditioning, Operant/drug effects ; Conditioning, Operant/physiology ; Endocannabinoids/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Habits ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Endocannabinoids ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; TRPV Cation Channels ; TRPV1 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-11
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.14330
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    Zs.A 2548: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Reward-Mediated, Model-Free Reinforcement-Learning Mechanisms in Pavlovian and Instrumental Tasks Are Related.

    Moin Afshar, Neema / Cinotti, François / Martin, David / Khamassi, Mehdi / Calu, Donna J / Taylor, Jane R / Groman, Stephanie M

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 458–471

    Abstract: Model-free and model-based computations are argued to distinctly update action values that guide decision-making processes. It is not known, however, if these model-free and model-based reinforcement learning mechanisms recruited in operationally based ... ...

    Abstract Model-free and model-based computations are argued to distinctly update action values that guide decision-making processes. It is not known, however, if these model-free and model-based reinforcement learning mechanisms recruited in operationally based instrumental tasks parallel those engaged by pavlovian-based behavioral procedures. Recently, computational work has suggested that individual differences in the attribution of incentive salience to reward predictive cues, that is, sign- and goal-tracking behaviors, are also governed by variations in model-free and model-based value representations that guide behavior. Moreover, it is not appreciated if these systems that are characterized computationally using model-free and model-based algorithms are conserved across tasks for individual animals. In the current study, we used a within-subject design to assess sign-tracking and goal-tracking behaviors using a pavlovian conditioned approach task and then characterized behavior using an instrumental multistage decision-making (MSDM) task in male rats. We hypothesized that both pavlovian and instrumental learning processes may be driven by common reinforcement-learning mechanisms. Our data confirm that sign-tracking behavior was associated with greater reward-mediated, model-free reinforcement learning and that it was also linked to model-free reinforcement learning in the MSDM task. Computational analyses revealed that pavlovian model-free updating was correlated with model-free reinforcement learning in the MSDM task. These data provide key insights into the computational mechanisms mediating associative learning that could have important implications for normal and abnormal states.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reward ; Learning ; Motivation ; Conditioning, Operant ; Cues
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1113-22.2022
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