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Article ; Online: Snippets of the History of the American Journal of Epidemiology.

Szklo, Moyses

2022 Volume 192, Issue 11, Page(s) 1790–1792

Abstract: In this article, I present a brief summary of landmark events in the American Journal of Epidemiology, including its founding, the first few decades, the change in name, the increasing focus on nontransmissible disease, and selected key manuscripts. A ... ...

Abstract	In this article, I present a brief summary of landmark events in the American Journal of Epidemiology, including its founding, the first few decades, the change in name, the increasing focus on nontransmissible disease, and selected key manuscripts. A list of developments that will likely result in new papers submitted to epidemiology journals are also described, and they include themes such as consequential epidemiology and the use of artificial intelligence methods in epidemiologic data analyses.
MeSH term(s)	United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwac135
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Article: Abraham M. Lilienfeld: an appreciation.

Comstock, G W / Gordis, L / Szklo, M

American journal of epidemiology

1985 Volume 121, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–10

MeSH term(s)	Bibliography as Topic ; Epidemiology/history ; History, 20th Century ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	1985-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Bibliography ; Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
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Article ; Online: A Time of Change.

Szklo, Moyses

American journal of epidemiology

2019 Volume 188, Issue 7, Page(s) 1198–1199

MeSH term(s)	Epidemiology ; Humans ; Leadership ; Periodicals as Topic ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwz112
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Article ; Online: Editorial: On the Issue Celebrating the Centennial of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Szklo, Moyses

American journal of epidemiology

2016 Volume 183, Issue 5, Page(s) 339

MeSH term(s)	Anniversaries and Special Events ; Baltimore ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Schools, Public Health/history ; Universities/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Historical Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kww019
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Article ; Online: Association between Obesity, Overweight, Elevated Waist Circumference, and Insulin Resistance Markers among Brazilian Adolescent Students.

Deusdará, Rodolfo / de Moura Souza, Amanda / Szklo, Moyses

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 17

Abstract: 1) Background: There is still controversy concerning the most effective and efficient strategy to identify insulin resistance in adolescents. We estimated the level of fasting insulin (fasting insulin equivalent, FIeq) that would replicate the strength ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: There is still controversy concerning the most effective and efficient strategy to identify insulin resistance in adolescents. We estimated the level of fasting insulin (fasting insulin equivalent, FIeq) that would replicate the strength of the associations of obesity, overweight, and waist circumference with two insulin resistance markers: triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) and triglyceride/glucose (TyG); (2) Methods: We studied approximately 38,000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, sampled from a multicenter Brazilian school-based survey, The Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, ERICA), conducted in 2013-2014. Fasting insulin equivalents for adiposity variables were calculated by dividing the beta coefficient of each adiposity measure by the fasting insulin beta coefficient from linear regression analysis according to age (12-14, 15-17 years old) and sex, and adjusted by smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, socioeconomic status, and Tanner stage; (3) Results: The FIeqs for obesity were greater than those for overweight and elevated waist circumference for both TG/HDL and TyG in early adolescence. The FIeqs for elevated WC were greater than those for obesity and overweight in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years; (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests that WC measurements might be useful to identify adolescents with insulin resistance, particularly in late adolescence.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Students ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14173487
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Article ; Online: Positive Additive and Multiplicative Interactions among Clustered Components of Metabolic Syndrome with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Brazilian Adolescent Students.

Deusdará, Rodolfo / de Moura Souza, Amanda / Szklo, Moyses

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 21

Abstract: Background: It is still controversial whether the joint effect of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) components is greater than that expected based on their independent effects, regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents. We evaluated additive and ... ...

Abstract	Background: It is still controversial whether the joint effect of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) components is greater than that expected based on their independent effects, regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents. We evaluated additive and multiplicative interactions between pair-wise combinations of metabolic syndrome components regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We studied 37,815 Brazilian adolescents from a national school-based survey, The Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, ERICA). A Poisson regression model was used to calculate sex-, age-, obesity-, smoking status-, sedentary behavior-, physical inactivity-, alcoholic consumption- and socioeconomic status-adjusted prevalence ratios to evaluate both additive and multiplicative interactions. Results: In the comparison of observed and expected joint effects, relative excess risk due to additive interaction (RERI) for high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high triglycerides and elevated waist circumference, elevated waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and elevated waist circumference and high blood pressure were 2.53 (−0.41, 5.46), 2.86 (−2.89, 8.61), 1.71 (−1.05, 4.46) and 0.97 (0.15, 1.79), respectively, thus suggesting additive interactions. Multiplicative interactions for those pairs of components were also observed, as expressed by interaction ratios > 1.0. Conclusions: The joint presence of some of the components of MetS showed a greater association with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents than expected from the sum of their isolated effects. From a public health perspective, preventing one of the components of the pairs that interact may result in a greater reduction in the prevalence of T2DM than focusing on an individual component that does not interact with another component.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Prevalence ; Students ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Blood Glucose
Chemical Substances	Triglycerides ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14214640
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Article ; Online: Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incident heart failure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Lin, Gen-Min / Lloyd-Jones, Donald M / Colangelo, Laura A / Lima, Joao A C / Szklo, Moyses / Liu, Kiang

European journal of heart failure

2024 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 199–207

Abstract: Aims: There are no studies on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and incident heart failure (HF). This cohort study aimed to examine the associations of self-reported and urinary cotinine-assessed SHS exposure with incident HF.: ... ...

Abstract	Aims: There are no studies on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and incident heart failure (HF). This cohort study aimed to examine the associations of self-reported and urinary cotinine-assessed SHS exposure with incident HF. Methods and results: This study included 5548 non-active smoking participants aged 45-84 years and free of known cardiovascular diseases and HF at baseline who self-reported SHS exposure time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at baseline (2000-2002). A cohort subset of 3376 non-active smoking participants underwent urinary cotinine measurements. HF events were verified by medical records or death certificates and ascertained from baseline through 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used with adjustment for demographic variables, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, tobacco pack-years and medications. During a median follow-up of 17.7 years, 353 and 196 HF events were identified in the self-report cohort and cohort subset, respectively. In the self-report cohort, compared with the SHS unexposed group (0 h/week), the highest tertile of the SHS exposed group (7-168 h/week) was not associated with incident HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-1.00; p = 0.052). In contrast, in the cohort subset, participants with detectable urinary cotinine >7.07 ng/ml had a higher risk of incident HF than those with undetectable urinary cotinine ≤7.07 ng/ml (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.06; p = 0.034). There were no significant heterogeneities in HF risk by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or past smoking status. Conclusion: Secondhand smoke exposure reflected by modestly increased urinary cotinine (>7.07 ng/ml) rather than self-report in non-active smokers was associated with a 40-50% higher risk of any HF event.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Heart Failure/chemically induced ; Cohort Studies ; Cotinine/analysis ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis/etiology
Chemical Substances	Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Cotinine (K5161X06LL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1483672-5
ISSN	1879-0844 ; 1388-9842
ISSN (online)	1879-0844
ISSN	1388-9842
DOI	10.1002/ejhf.3155
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Zs.A 5299: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Association between polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents (ERICA Study).

Takey, Márcia / Giannini, Denise Tavares / Kuschnir, Maria Cristina Caetano / Bloch, Katia Vergetti / Szklo, Moyses

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

2023 Volume 111, Page(s) 112051

Abstract: Objective: Some studies have proposed a beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with regard to insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the energy percentage and the daily PUFA intake to investigate the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Some studies have proposed a beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with regard to insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the energy percentage and the daily PUFA intake to investigate the association between PUFAs and insulin resistance in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents. Methods: We evaluated 37 023 adolescents ages 12 to 17 y, who were participants in ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents). Energy percentage and PUFA daily intake were extracted from a 24-h dietary recall. The mean daily intake of total fat, median, and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of daily intake of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and the ratio of LA to ALA were estimated according to sociodemographic variables. Associations of PUFA and markers of glucose homeostasis were analyzed by Poisson regression model. Results: Mean total fat intake was 30.1% of energy (95% CI, 29.9-30.4). Most participants met the current recommended values of PUFA and LA/ALA ratio ranging from 5:1 to 10:1 (80.9%, 95% CI, 79.8-81.8). ALA intake was inversely associated with higher waist circumference (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.996; 95% CI, 0.994-0.998). LA/ALA ratio ≥9:1 was significantly associated with higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; PR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.006-1.02), and ratio >10:1 also showed significant association with higher levels of HOMA-IR (PR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03) and glycated hemoglobin (PR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.26). These associations remained significant after adjustment. Conclusion: Promotion of ALA intake and balanced LA/ALA ratio should be considered as a possible health strategy aimed at contributing to better control of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in adolescents.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Insulin Resistance ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Diet ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Linoleic Acid ; Glucose ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Linoleic Acid (9KJL21T0QJ) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639259-3
ISSN	1873-1244 ; 0899-9007
ISSN (online)	1873-1244
ISSN	0899-9007
DOI	10.1016/j.nut.2023.112051
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Article ; Online: Recent evidence on the illicit cigarette trade in Latin America.

Drope, Jeffrey / Rodriguez-Iglesias, Germán / Stoklosa, Michal / Szklo, André

Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

2022 Volume 46, Page(s) e111

Abstract: The tobacco industry continues to present the illicit trade of tobacco products as a reason to slow, stop, or reverse tobacco control efforts in Latin America, including increasing tobacco excise taxes. In most cases, industry estimates of illicit trade, ...

Abstract	The tobacco industry continues to present the illicit trade of tobacco products as a reason to slow, stop, or reverse tobacco control efforts in Latin America, including increasing tobacco excise taxes. In most cases, industry estimates of illicit trade, usually non-transparent and flawed, dwarf those of independent, rigorous research. Often, independent studies find that the levels of illicit trade are mostly non-consequential or easily manageable (<12%). Almost always, industry findings grossly overestimate the illicit market. Fortunately, a burgeoning empirical literature in the region-including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay-is illuminating the genuine levels and nature of this trade, typically employing gap analysis that compares tax-paid sales to consumption and/or pack inspection studies using packs shown by smokers in surveys or discarded in the streets or garbage. Additional research in countries including Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay examines supply chains to help identify the illicit sources. This research is already helping governments to address any real problems with illicit trade and to reassure stakeholders that tobacco control efforts should be strengthened, not diminished.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	1376934-0
ISSN	1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
ISSN (online)	1680-5348
ISSN	1020-4989
DOI	10.26633/RPSP.2022.111
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for workplace encounters with weapons by hospital employees.

Blando, James D / Paul, Chalsie / Szklo-Coxe, Mariana

Public health in practice (Oxford, England)

2021 Volume 2, Page(s) 100105

Abstract: Objective: The specific aim of this study was to determine which risk factors were associated with frequent weapons confiscation in a healthcare facility. This study investigated the hypothesis that hospital-related factors impact the frequency of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The specific aim of this study was to determine which risk factors were associated with frequent weapons confiscation in a healthcare facility. This study investigated the hypothesis that hospital-related factors impact the frequency of weapons confiscation. Study design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered on-line to hospital security directors and assessed the associations of organizational factors with the frequency of weapons confiscation. Results: It was found that hospitals with metal detectors were more than 5 times as likely to frequently confiscate weapons, suggesting this intervention is effective. It was also found that hospitals with psychiatric units were more likely to have frequent confiscation of weapons, likely due to the standard procedure of searching patients before admission to the psychiatric unit. Conclusion: This data suggests that searching patients and using metal detectors are important tools in the prevention of weapons entering a healthcare setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5352
ISSN (online)	2666-5352
DOI	10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100105
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