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Article ; Online: Pharmacological management of gambling disorder: an update of the literature.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

2024 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 391–407

Abstract: Introduction: Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and problematic betting behavior. GD generates distress and impairment, and treatment options include psychological and pharmacological interventions.: Areas ...

Abstract	Introduction: Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and problematic betting behavior. GD generates distress and impairment, and treatment options include psychological and pharmacological interventions. Areas covered: This narrative review explores existing pharmacological treatments for GD. The following classes of medications were considered: opioid-receptor antagonists (e.g. naltrexone and nalmefene), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, and citalopram), glutamatergic agents (e.g. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), acamprosate, and memantine), mood stabilizers (e.g. topiramate, carbamazepine, lithium), and other medications (e.g. modafinil, nefazodone, olanzapine, haloperidol, tolcapone, and bupropion). Expert opinion: Due to the limitations of the studies reviewed, solid conclusions regarding the optimal choice of pharmacotherapy for individuals with GD are challenging to draw at this time. Despite some medications, such as naltrexone and nalmefene, showing promising results, efficacy has varied across studies. The review highlights current gaps/limitations, including small sample sizes, limited diversity in participant demographics, the need for exploring different gambling subtypes and treatment responses, high placebo response rates, lack of longer-term longitudinal information, limited investigation of neurobiological correlates and co-occurring disorders, and the importance of implementation research. Further research is needed to address these gaps and explore additional medications, as well as interventions like neuromodulation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gambling/drug therapy ; Naltrexone/therapeutic use ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Naltrexone (5S6W795CQM) ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2112534-X
ISSN	1744-8360 ; 1473-7175
ISSN (online)	1744-8360
ISSN	1473-7175
DOI	10.1080/14737175.2024.2316833
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Article ; Online: Current Understanding of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Co-occurring Conditions: What Clinicians Should Know about Pharmacological Options.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

CNS drugs

2024 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 255–265

Abstract: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has recently been recognized as a psychiatric disorder. Pharmacological treatments for CSBD have received little study and thus have limited empirical support. The main objective of the present work is to review ...

Abstract	Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has recently been recognized as a psychiatric disorder. Pharmacological treatments for CSBD have received little study and thus have limited empirical support. The main objective of the present work is to review existing literature on the efficacy of different drugs on the symptomatology of CSBD, including the subtype of problematic pornography use (PPU). The main pharmacological approaches to treating CSBD have included opioid antagonists (naltrexone and nalmefene), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine, citalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline), mood stabilizers (topiramate), tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine), serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (nefazodone), and N-acetylcysteine. Since people with CSBD may experience different co-occurring disorders, these should be considered when choosing the best pharmacological treatment. Pharmacological therapy for CSBD/PPU has been suggested as an adjunct to psychological therapies, which, for the moment, have the most empirical evidence. However, to evaluate the efficacy of most of the drugs presented in this narrative review, data to date have only been available from case studies. Thus, empirical support is scant and generalizability of results is limited, highlighting the need for more research in this area.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Paroxetine/therapeutic use ; Sertraline/therapeutic use ; Fluoxetine ; Compulsive Behavior/drug therapy ; Compulsive Behavior/psychology
Chemical Substances	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ; Paroxetine (41VRH5220H) ; Sertraline (QUC7NX6WMB) ; Fluoxetine (01K63SUP8D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1203800-3
ISSN	1179-1934 ; 1172-7047
ISSN (online)	1179-1934
ISSN	1172-7047
DOI	10.1007/s40263-024-01075-2
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Article ; Online: Features Linked to Treatment Outcomes in Behavioral Addictions and Related Disorders.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4

Abstract: Behavioral addictions are incompletely understood with respect to their underlying etiologies. This incomplete understanding may contribute to the frequent relapse and dropout rate often observed with behavioral addictions. The present state-of-the-art ... ...

Abstract	Behavioral addictions are incompletely understood with respect to their underlying etiologies. This incomplete understanding may contribute to the frequent relapse and dropout rate often observed with behavioral addictions. The present state-of-the-art review aimed to review the literature that explored sociodemographic and clinical factors that link to poor treatment responses. Despite multiple studies, the definitions and evaluations of relapse and dropout are heterogeneous, complicating comparisons across studies. A scientific consensus on the conceptualization of both terms would help to better understand psychological features linked to treatment outcomes in behavioral addictions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gambling/psychology ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Chronic Disease ; Treatment Outcome ; Recurrence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20042873
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Article: Neuroimaging correlates of internet gaming disorder: Can we achieve the promise of translating understandings of brain functioning into clinical advances?

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

The Canadian journal of addiction

2023 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 7–17

Abstract: Objectives: Here we aimed to consider the neural factors associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD), as well as the associations between these factors and existing treatments for the disorder.: Methods: A narrative review was conducted.: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Here we aimed to consider the neural factors associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD), as well as the associations between these factors and existing treatments for the disorder. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. Results: Pharmacological as well as psychological treatments for IGD may be associated with specific changes in multiple brain areas and circuits. In particular, fronto-striatal and subcortical regions and pathways appear relevant to IGD and its treatment. Conclusions: Neuroimaging holds promise for identifying specific mechanisms underlying IGD interventions. However, to date, firm conclusions are difficult to draw and more research examining neural mechanisms of empirically supported treatments for IGD is needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2780140-8
ISSN	2368-4720
ISSN	2368-4720
DOI	10.1097/cxa.0000000000000178
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Article ; Online: Potential Biological Markers and Treatment Implications for Binge Eating Disorder and Behavioral Addictions.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4

Abstract: The reward system is highly relevant to behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD), internet gaming disorder (IGD), and food addiction/binge eating disorder (FA/BED). Among other brain regions, the ventral striatum (VS) has been implicated in ... ...

Abstract	The reward system is highly relevant to behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD), internet gaming disorder (IGD), and food addiction/binge eating disorder (FA/BED). Among other brain regions, the ventral striatum (VS) has been implicated in reward processing. The main objective of the present state-of-the-art review was to explore in depth the specific role of the VS in GD, IGD and FA/BED, understanding it as a possible biomarker of these conditions. Studies analyzing brain changes following interventions for these disorders, and especially those that had explored possible treatment-related changes in VS, are discussed. More evidence is needed on how existing treatments (both pharmacological and psychobehavioral) for behavioral addictions affect the activation of the VS and related circuitry.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Binge-Eating Disorder ; Video Games ; Behavior, Addictive ; Brain ; Gambling ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Internet
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15040827
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Article ; Online: Neural mechanisms linked to treatment outcomes and recovery in substance-related and addictive disorders.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 75–91

Abstract: The present review focuses on potential neural mechanisms underlying recovery from psychiatric conditions characterised by impaired impulse control, specifically substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and internet gaming disorder. Existing ... ...

Abstract	The present review focuses on potential neural mechanisms underlying recovery from psychiatric conditions characterised by impaired impulse control, specifically substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and internet gaming disorder. Existing treatments (both pharmacological and psychological) for these addictions may impact brain processes, and these have been evaluated in neuroimaging studies. Medication challenge and short-term intervention administration will be considered with respect to treatment utility. Main models of addiction (e.g., dual process, reward deficiency syndrome) will be considered in the context of extant data. Additionally, advanced analytic approaches (e.g., machine-learning approaches) will be considered with respect to guiding treatment development efforts. Thus, this narrative review aims to provide directions for treatment development for addictive disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Behavior, Addictive/therapy ; Brain ; Internet Addiction Disorder ; Mental Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2188781-0
ISSN	1958-5969 ; 1294-8322
ISSN (online)	1958-5969
ISSN	1294-8322
DOI	10.1080/19585969.2023.2242359
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Article ; Online: Craving in gambling disorder: A systematic review.

Mallorquí-Bagué, Núria / Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Testa, Giulia

Journal of behavioral addictions

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–79

Abstract: Background and objectives: Craving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling disorder (GD). In the present systematic review, we aimed to ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Craving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling disorder (GD). In the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available body of knowledge regarding gambling craving to help step forward to a consensus regarding this topic. Data sources: PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline were used. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: (1) individuals of both genders who had a clinical diagnosis of GD in which the presence of gambling craving were studied by means of tasks or self-report tools; (2) we included three types of studies: (a) validation articles of craving psychometric tools in which GD was assessed; (b) articles in which craving-GD association was explored; and (c) treatment articles for GD in which craving was assessed. Results: n = 63 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Some studies described an association between craving- and gambling-related factors, and craving was also described as a predictor of GD severity, gambling episodes, chasing persistence and income-generating offenses. Gambling craving also seems to be associated with emotional states and negative urgency. Finally, some studies implemented specific interventions for GD and assessed its impact on reducing gambling craving. Conclusions: There is a growing body of knowledge on the relevant role of craving in gambling behavior and GD. Further studies are needed to reach a consensus on the diagnostic criterion for GD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Gambling/psychology ; Craving ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Emotions ; Self Report
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	Hungary
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2817933-X
ISSN	2063-5303 ; 2063-5303
ISSN (online)	2063-5303
ISSN	2063-5303
DOI	10.1556/2006.2022.00080
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Article: Cyberchondria: a Growing Concern During the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Possible Addictive Disorder?

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Potenza, Marc N

Current addiction reports

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 77–96

Abstract: Purpose of review: The main purpose of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the current empirical evidence regarding the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of cyberchondria, with a focus on the potential classification of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: The main purpose of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the current empirical evidence regarding the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of cyberchondria, with a focus on the potential classification of cyberchondria as a behavioral addiction. Although cyberchondria has been widely associated with anxiety, it has also been suggested that it may be linked to obsessive-compulsive features. A less explored proposal is the categorization of cyberchondria as a behavioral addiction. The present review explores the existing literature with respect to the possible classification of cyberchondria as a behavioral addiction by considering cyberchondria with respect to components of the interaction of person, affect, cognition and execution model. Recent findings: There is a lack of consensus regarding the definition and conceptualization of cyberchondria. The empirical evidence available to date suggests that cyberchondria is a multifactorial construct that operates transdiagnostically, particularly with respect to obsessive-compulsive-related disorders and health-related anxiety. The extent to which the condition may reflect a behavioral addiction as a form of problematic use of the internet also warrants consideration. Cyberchondria may have become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular populations prone to health-related anxiety likely having greater vulnerability. Existing data in part support the potential classification of cyberchondria as a behavioral addiction, although many gaps in understanding currently exist. Summary: Cyberchondria appears to be a growing concern. However, there is not yet enough empirical evidence to determine whether this clinical condition has enough similarities with behavioral addictions to be considered as one. Likewise, psychometric instruments that exist to date have not been designed from the theoretical framework of behavioral addictions, so most of the factors that they evaluate may be preferentially related to anxiety. Finally, there is still no consensus on whether cyberchondria should be addressed in the context of health anxiety interventions, OCRD, or behavioral addictions; thus, more empirical evidence is needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2196-2952
ISSN	2196-2952
DOI	10.1007/s40429-022-00462-3
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Article ; Online: Pornography Use and Violence: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Villena-Moya, Alejandro / Chiclana-Actis, Carlos

Trauma, violence & abuse

2023 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 1088–1112

Abstract: Pornography use is one of the factors that has been proposed to be associated with violence. We aimed to explore the literature of the last 20 years, with the objective of understanding the possible association between pornography use and violence. Two ... ...

Abstract	Pornography use is one of the factors that has been proposed to be associated with violence. We aimed to explore the literature of the last 20 years, with the objective of understanding the possible association between pornography use and violence. Two electronic databases (PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline) were used. We included members of the general population, of any sex, age, and sexual orientation, who were direct users of pornography or have a partner who uses pornography. Only studies with pornography use and violence assessments, and that specifically evaluated the association between both factors, were included. In all, 59 studies met the inclusion criteria. An association between pornography use and nonsexual violence seems to exist, although the causality of this association remains unclear. Heterogeneity of results exists regarding the association between pornography use and intimate partner sexual assault and coercion: some studies have failed to demonstrate this association, while others have observed it partially or significantly. Contradictory results have also been observed when examining the association between pornography use, rape myths, and other beliefs/attitudes. The main limitation is the heterogeneity in the conceptualization of both constructs (pornography and violence). Multiple theoretical models, methodologies, and categorizations have been used in the studies, complicating the comparability of the findings. The association between different types of violence and pornography use requires further in-depth research to better understand the specific link between both constructs.CRD42021259874.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Erotica ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Rape ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2070884-1
ISSN	1552-8324 ; 1524-8380
ISSN (online)	1552-8324
ISSN	1524-8380
DOI	10.1177/15248380231173619
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Article: Behavioral Therapies for Treating Female Sexual Dysfunctions: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Mestre-Bach, Gemma / Blycker, Gretchen R / Potenza, Marc N

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: Many possible factors impact sexual wellbeing for women across the lifespan, and holistic approaches are being utilized to promote health and to address sexual concerns. Female sexual dysfunction disorders, including female orgasmic disorder, female ... ...

Abstract	Many possible factors impact sexual wellbeing for women across the lifespan, and holistic approaches are being utilized to promote health and to address sexual concerns. Female sexual dysfunction disorders, including female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest/arousal disorder and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, negatively impact quality of life for many women. To reduce distress and improve sexual functioning, numerous behavioral therapies have been tested to date. Here, we present a state-of-the-art review of behavioral therapies for female sexual dysfunction disorders, focusing on empirically validated approaches. Multiple psychotherapies have varying degrees of support, with cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies arguably having the most empirical support. Nonetheless, several limitations exist of the studies conducted to date, including the frequent grouping together of multiple types of sexual dysfunctions in randomized clinical trials. Thus, additional research is needed to advance treatment development for female sexual dysfunctions and to promote female sexual health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11102794
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