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Article ; Online: Ongoing traumatic stress during a global pandemic.

Dixon, Kelly E / Mahoney, Colin T / Samuelson, Kristin W

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2022 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 808–818

Abstract: Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has been conceptualized as a potentially traumatic event, although heterogeneity in experience (e.g., isolation) and in type and severity of traumatic stress response (e.g., hygiene hypervigilance) query the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has been conceptualized as a potentially traumatic event, although heterogeneity in experience (e.g., isolation) and in type and severity of traumatic stress response (e.g., hygiene hypervigilance) query the applicability of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic construct. Parallels may be drawn to chronic illness and continuous traumatic situations (CTS) literature, which suggests unique symptom presentations that may occur during cumulative, ongoing traumas. Method: Eighty-four adults completed the PTSD Checklist with appended questions evaluating pandemic index events, temporality of intrusive symptoms, self-appraised abnormality, and context dependence of symptoms. Using exploratory latent profile analysis, we modeled the latent structure of traumatic stress response to COVID-19 in order to evaluate possible nuanced patterns of symptoms differentiating PTSD from a transient ongoing trauma response. Results: Two profiles broadly delineated by severity across all variables emerged, suggesting the framework of PTSD is apt when applied to COVID-19. However, secondary analyses revealed subtle signals supporting chronic illness and CTS frameworks. Specifically, some participants who met criteria for PTSD did not endorse index events meeting Criterion A, most endorsed intrusive symptoms related to a present or future threat (versus a past trauma), and 30% reported their symptoms to be context dependent. Conclusion: Results highlight a need for improved assessment and opportunities for treatment modification. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Anxiety ; Chronic Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001360
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Trauma-focused CBT reduces anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in children exposed to intimate partner violence.

Samuelson, Kristin W

Evidence-based mental health

2011 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 56

Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2009065-1
ISSN	1468-960X ; 1362-0347
ISSN (online)	1468-960X
ISSN	1362-0347
DOI	10.1136/ebmh.14.2.56
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Article: Post-traumatic stress disorder and declarative memory functioning: a review.

Samuelson, Kristin W

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

2012 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 346–351

Abstract: Declarative memory dysfunction is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper reviews this literature and presents two frameworks to explain the nature of this dysfunction: that memory deficits are a product of neurobiological ... ...

Abstract	Declarative memory dysfunction is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper reviews this literature and presents two frameworks to explain the nature of this dysfunction: that memory deficits are a product of neurobiological abnormalities caused by PTSD and/or that pre-existing memory deficits serve as a risk factor for the development of PTSD following trauma exposure. Brain regions implicated in declarative memory deficits include the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and imaging and biochemistry studies as they relate to memory dysfunction are described. Prospective and twin studies provide support for a risk factor model.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02-10
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2188781-0
ISSN	1294-8322
ISSN	1294-8322
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Article ; Online: Is Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) a comparable recruitment source for trauma studies?

Engle, Krista / Talbot, Margaret / Samuelson, Kristin W

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2019 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 381–388

Abstract: Objective: Trauma researchers have recently begun using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) as a data collection platform that is both time- and cost-efficient. Research is needed to determine the utility, generalizability, and validity of MTurk as a ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Trauma researchers have recently begun using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) as a data collection platform that is both time- and cost-efficient. Research is needed to determine the utility, generalizability, and validity of MTurk as a recruitment source for trauma-exposed samples. Method: Data were collected from 266 trauma-exposed MTurk participants on several clinical and psychological constructs relevant to trauma research. The mean scores, prevalence rates, and correlation strengths of the MTurk sample were compared to those reported in previously published studies of undergraduate, community, and treatment-seeking samples. Results: Findings indicated that prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were not significantly different from comparison samples, but prevalence rates of generalized anxiety were significantly higher than that of a community sample. The MTurk sample showed significantly lower mean scores of PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms than all comparison samples. Correlations were examined to determine whether established relationships between common trauma-related constructs were correlated for MTurk participants as they were in other samples. Correlations between PTSD symptom severity, posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs), and trauma coping self-efficacy (CSE-T) in the MTurk sample were not significantly different from the correlations observed in all comparison samples. Finally, MTurk participants who met criteria for probable PTSD scored significantly higher on measures of depression, generalized anxiety, and PTCs, and lower on CSE-T, than those without probable PTSD. Conclusions: Future trauma researchers utilizing MTurk should consider potential similarities and differences between MTurk samples and community, clinical, and undergraduate samples when interpreting the generalizability of findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cognition ; Crowdsourcing ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Prevalence ; Self Report ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0000502
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Article ; Online: Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms in Survivors of Torture Living in the United States.

Tran, Ann / Brickman, Sophie / Jordan, Joshua / Samuelson, Kristin W

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2020 Volume 208, Issue 8, Page(s) 593–599

Abstract: A constellation of psychosocial factors contributes to the complex trauma symptoms that survivors of torture may experience. We examined the roles of pretrauma, peritrauma, and postmigration factors as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, ... ...

Abstract	A constellation of psychosocial factors contributes to the complex trauma symptoms that survivors of torture may experience. We examined the roles of pretrauma, peritrauma, and postmigration factors as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in a sample of 101 culturally heterogeneous torture survivors residing in the United States. Predictors included demographic variables (sex, education, marital status), peritrauma torture type variables generated by principal components analysis (PCA), and postmigration variables (employment status, legal immigration status, and family separation). Of the torture factors identified through PCA (torture inflicted on the self and torture inflicted on family members), torture inflicted on the self significantly predicted anxiety. Undocumented legal status and female sex were related to poorer psychological outcomes. Results highlight the importance of considering postmigration factors, specifically legal status, rather than elements of the torture experience itself, in the delivery of trauma-informed psychological interventions and policy development for survivors of torture.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Anxiety/psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychological Tests ; Refugees/psychology ; Regression Analysis ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Survivors/psychology ; Torture/classification ; Torture/psychology ; United States ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/NMD.0000000000001197
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Article ; Online: Predicting Suicide Intent: The Roles of Experiencing or Committing Violent Acts.

Jordan, Joshua T / Samuelson, Kristin W

Suicide & life-threatening behavior

2016 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 293–300

Abstract: According to the interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005), repeated exposure to painful or provocative experiences is associated with lethal or nearly lethal suicide attempts. However, suicide research often focuses on suicide ideation or attempts, ...

Abstract	According to the interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005), repeated exposure to painful or provocative experiences is associated with lethal or nearly lethal suicide attempts. However, suicide research often focuses on suicide ideation or attempts, rather than intent. Using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys, we examined traumatic experiences, with a focus on repeated exposure to traumas, in individuals who described their suicide attempts as a strong intent to die versus a cry for help. Only repeated acts of committing violence were associated with high suicide intent, suggesting that individuals who engage in violence are at heightened risk for suicide.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aggression ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Pain ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Suicide, Attempted/trends ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	750058-0
ISSN	1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
ISSN (online)	1943-278X
ISSN	0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
DOI	10.1111/sltb.12193
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Article ; Online: Mental health and resilience during the coronavirus pandemic: A machine learning approach.

Samuelson, Kristin W / Dixon, Kelly / Jordan, Joshua T / Powers, Tyler / Sonderman, Samantha / Brickman, Sophie

Journal of clinical psychology

2021 Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 821–846

Abstract: Objective: This study explored risk and resilience factors of mental health functioning during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.: Methods: A sample of 467 adults (M age = 33.14, 63.6% female) reported on mental health (depression, anxiety, ...

Abstract	Objective: This study explored risk and resilience factors of mental health functioning during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A sample of 467 adults (M age = 33.14, 63.6% female) reported on mental health (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and somatic symptoms), demands and impacts of COVID-19, resources (e.g., social support, health care access), demographics, and psychosocial resilience factors. Results: Depression, anxiety, and PTSD rates were 44%, 36%, and 23%, respectively. Supervised machine learning models identified psychosocial factors as the primary significant predictors across outcomes. Greater trauma coping self-efficacy and forward-focused coping, but not trauma-focused coping, were associated with better mental health. When accounting for psychosocial resilience factors, few external resources and demographic variables emerged as significant predictors. Conclusion: With ongoing stressors and traumas, employing coping strategies that emphasize distraction over trauma processing may be warranted. Clinical and community outreach efforts should target trauma coping self-efficacy to bolster resilience during a pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Male ; Mental Health ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219160-x
ISSN	1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
ISSN (online)	1097-4679
ISSN	0021-9762
DOI	10.1002/jclp.23254
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Article ; Online: Impulsivity, Painful and Provocative Events, and Suicide Intent: Testing the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.

Jordan, Joshua T / Samuelson, Kristin W / Tiet, Quyen Q

Suicide & life-threatening behavior

2018 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 1187–1195

Abstract: Objective: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005. Why People Die by Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) hypothesizes that repeated exposure to painful and provocative events (PPE) increases capability for suicide (CS), ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005. Why People Die by Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) hypothesizes that repeated exposure to painful and provocative events (PPE) increases capability for suicide (CS), therefore facilitating the development of suicidal intent, and that impulsive individuals are more likely to experience these painful and provocative events, creating an indirect relationship between impulsivity and CS. Research to date largely supports this hypothesis but has not translated this theory to actual suicidal intent. Method: The present study used data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study to examine the relationship between PPE and intent, and the indirect relationship between impulsivity and intent among a sample of 245 recent suicide attempters, using the clinician-rated Suicide Intent Scale as an objective measure of intent. Results: Results supported the hypothesized direct relationship between PPE and intent, and the indirect relationship between impulsivity and intent through PPE. There was no direct relationship between impulsivity and intent, suggesting that the relationship between impulsivity and intent occurs entirely through exposure to PPE. Conclusions: These findings suggest that assessing exposure to painful and provocative events is critical in evaluating risk of suicide, and that impulsivity itself does not confer an increased risk of lethal or nearly lethal attempts.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/physiology ; Intention ; Male ; Psychological Theory ; Risk Assessment ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Violence ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	750058-0
ISSN	1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
ISSN (online)	1943-278X
ISSN	0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
DOI	10.1111/sltb.12518
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Article ; Online: Social engagement, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms across 6 months of psychotherapy.

Shoji, Kotaro / Smith, Andrew J / Sano, Riko / Samuelson, Kristin W / Benight, Charles C

Journal of clinical psychology

2020 Volume 77, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–77

Abstract: Objective: The current study was conducted in a naturalistic treatment setting to examine whether and how perceptions about social engagement, trauma coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) influence one another across 6 months of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The current study was conducted in a naturalistic treatment setting to examine whether and how perceptions about social engagement, trauma coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) influence one another across 6 months of psychotherapy for trauma survivors. Method: The sample included 183 clients who reported exposure to traumatic events and significant PTS (PCL-5 ≥ 33). Participants (M Results: PTS at 3-months was a mediator in the relationship between intake perceived social engagement and 6-month coping self-efficacy and between intake perceived social engagement and 6-month perceived social engagement. Conclusions: PTS several months into treatment may serve as a mechanism between intake perceived social engagement and functional outcomes such as coping self-efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychotherapy ; Self Efficacy ; Social Participation ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219160-x
ISSN	1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
ISSN (online)	1097-4679
ISSN	0021-9762
DOI	10.1002/jclp.23034
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Article: Trauma Type and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Predictors of Parenting Stress in Trauma-Exposed Mothers.

Wilson, Christina K / Padrón, Elena / Samuelson, Kristin W

Violence and victims

2017 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 141–158

Abstract: Trauma exposure is associated with various parenting difficulties, but few studies have examined relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and parenting stress. Parenting stress is an important facet of parenting and mediates ... ...

Abstract	Trauma exposure is associated with various parenting difficulties, but few studies have examined relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and parenting stress. Parenting stress is an important facet of parenting and mediates the relationship between parental trauma exposure and negative child outcomes (Owen, Thompson, & Kaslow, 2006). We examined trauma type (child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, community violence, and non-interpersonal traumas) and PTSD symptoms as predictors of parenting stress in a sample of 52 trauma-exposed mothers. Community violence exposure and PTSD symptom severity accounted for significant variance in parenting stress. Further analyses revealed that emotional numbing was the only PTSD symptom cluster accounting for variance in parenting stress scores. Results highlight the importance of addressing community violence exposure and emotion regulation difficulties with trauma-exposed mothers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/psychology ; Parenting/psychology ; Postpartum Period/psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639280-5
ISSN	1945-7073 ; 0886-6708
ISSN (online)	1945-7073
ISSN	0886-6708
DOI	10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00077
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