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Article ; Online: Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews.

Korponay, Cole / Koenigs, Michael

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 683–695

Abstract: A fundamental question in neuropsychiatry is whether a neurobiological continuum accompanies the behavioral continuum between subclinical and clinical traits. Impulsivity is a trait that varies in the general population and manifests severely in ... ...

Abstract	A fundamental question in neuropsychiatry is whether a neurobiological continuum accompanies the behavioral continuum between subclinical and clinical traits. Impulsivity is a trait that varies in the general population and manifests severely in disorders like psychopathy. Is the neural profile of severe impulsivity in psychopathy an extreme but continuous manifestation of that associated with impulsivity in the general population (different by degree)? Or is it discontinuous and unique (different by kind)? Here, we compare systematic reviews of the relationship between impulsivity and gray matter in psychopathy and in the general population. The findings suggest that the neural profile associated with extreme impulsivity in psychopathy (increased gray matter in rostral and ventral striatum and prefrontal cortexes) is distinct from that associated with impulsivity in the general population (decreased gray matter in rostral and ventral prefrontal cortexes). Severe impulsivity in psychopathy may therefore arise from a pathophysiological mechanism that is unique to the disorder. These findings prompt the need for future studies to directly test the effect of group on the impulsivity-gray matter relationship in samples comprised of healthy individuals and individuals with psychopathy. The results caution against the use of community samples to examine impulsive psychopathic traits in relation to neurobiology.
MeSH term(s)	Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Cerebral Cortex ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2236933-8
ISSN	1749-5024 ; 1749-5016
ISSN (online)	1749-5024
ISSN	1749-5016
DOI	10.1093/scan/nsab045
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Article ; Online: Clarifying the relationship between mental illness and recidivism using machine learning: A retrospective study.

Cohen, Talia R / Fronk, Gaylen E / Kiehl, Kent A / Curtin, John J / Koenigs, Michael

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0297448

Abstract: Objective: There is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the relationship between recidivism and mental illness. This retrospective study aimed to use rigorous machine learning methods to understand the unique predictive utility of mental illness ... ...

Abstract	Objective: There is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the relationship between recidivism and mental illness. This retrospective study aimed to use rigorous machine learning methods to understand the unique predictive utility of mental illness for recidivism in a general population (i.e.; not only those with mental illness) prison sample in the United States. Method: Participants were adult men (n = 322) and women (n = 72) who were recruited from three prisons in the Midwest region of the United States. Three model comparisons using Bayesian correlated t-tests were conducted to understand the incremental predictive utility of mental illness, substance use, and crime and demographic variables for recidivism prediction. Three classification statistical algorithms were considered while evaluating model configurations for the t-tests: elastic net logistic regression (GLMnet), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forests (RF). Results: Rates of substance use disorders were particularly high in our sample (86.29%). Mental illness variables and substance use variables did not add predictive utility for recidivism prediction over and above crime and demographic variables. Exploratory analyses comparing the crime and demographic, substance use, and mental illness feature sets to null models found that only the crime and demographics model had an increased likelihood of improving recidivism prediction accuracy. Conclusions: Despite not finding a direct relationship between mental illness and recidivism, treatment of mental illness in incarcerated populations is still essential due to the high rates of mental illnesses, the legal imperative, the possibility of decreasing institutional disciplinary burden, the opportunity to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in prison, and the potential to improve meaningful outcomes beyond recidivism following release.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; United States ; Recidivism ; Retrospective Studies ; Bayes Theorem ; Prisoners ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Crime ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0297448
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Article ; Online: How reliable are amygdala findings in psychopathy? A systematic review of MRI studies.

Deming, Philip / Heilicher, Mickela / Koenigs, Michael

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2022 Volume 142, Page(s) 104875

Abstract: The amygdala is a key component in predominant neural circuitry models of psychopathy. Yet, after two decades of neuroimaging research on psychopathy, the reproducibility of amygdala findings is questionable. We systematically reviewed MRI studies (81 of ...

Abstract	The amygdala is a key component in predominant neural circuitry models of psychopathy. Yet, after two decades of neuroimaging research on psychopathy, the reproducibility of amygdala findings is questionable. We systematically reviewed MRI studies (81 of adults, 53 of juveniles) to determine the consistency of amygdala findings across studies, as well as within specific types of experimental tasks, community versus forensic populations, and the lowest- versus highest-powered studies. Three primary findings emerged. First, the majority of studies found null relationships between psychopathy and amygdala structure and function, even in the context of theoretically relevant tasks. Second, findings of reduced amygdala activity were more common in studies with low compared to high statistical power. Third, the majority of peak coordinates of reduced amygdala activity did not fall primarily within the anatomical bounds of the amygdala. Collectively, these findings demonstrate significant gaps in the empirical support for the theorized role of the amygdala in psychopathy and indicate the need for novel research perspectives and approaches in this field.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Reproducibility of Results ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104875
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Article ; Online: Functional neural correlates of psychopathy: a meta-analysis of MRI data.

Deming, Philip / Koenigs, Michael

Translational psychiatry

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 133

Abstract: Neuroimaging studies over the last two decades have begun to specify the neurobiological correlates of psychopathy, a personality disorder that is strongly related to criminal offending and recidivism. Despite the accumulation of neuroimaging studies of ... ...

Abstract	Neuroimaging studies over the last two decades have begun to specify the neurobiological correlates of psychopathy, a personality disorder that is strongly related to criminal offending and recidivism. Despite the accumulation of neuroimaging studies of psychopathy, a clear and comprehensive picture of the disorder's neural correlates has yet to emerge. The current study is a meta-analysis of functional MRI studies of psychopathy. Multilevel kernel density analysis was used to identify consistent findings across 25 studies (460 foci) of task-related brain activity. Psychopathy was associated with increased task-related activity predominantly in midline cortical regions overlapping with the default mode network (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneus) as well as medial temporal lobe (including amygdala). Psychopathy was related to decreased task-related activity in a region of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex overlapping with the salience network. These findings challenge predominant theories of amygdala hypoactivity and highlight the potential role of hyperactivity in medial default mode network regions and hypoactivity in a key node of the salience network during task performance in psychopathy.
MeSH term(s)	Amygdala ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Pathways
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-020-0816-8
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Article ; Online: Impaired salience network switching in psychopathy.

Deming, Philip / Cook, Cole J / Meyerand, Mary E / Kiehl, Kent A / Kosson, David S / Koenigs, Michael

Behavioural brain research

2023 Volume 452, Page(s) 114570

Abstract: Growing evidence suggests that psychopathy is related to altered connectivity within and between three large-scale brain networks that support core cognitive functions, including allocation of attention. In healthy individuals, default mode network (DMN) ...

Abstract	Growing evidence suggests that psychopathy is related to altered connectivity within and between three large-scale brain networks that support core cognitive functions, including allocation of attention. In healthy individuals, default mode network (DMN) is involved in internally-focused attention and cognition such as self-reference. Frontoparietal network (FPN) is anticorrelated with DMN and is involved in externally-focused attention to cognitively demanding tasks. A third network, salience network (SN), is involved in detecting salient cues and, crucially, appears to play a role in switching between the two anticorrelated networks, DMN and FPN, to efficiently allocate attentional resources. Psychopathy has been related to reduced anticorrelation between DMN and FPN, suggesting SN's role in switching between these two networks may be diminished in the disorder. To test this hypothesis, we used independent component analysis to derive DMN, FPN, and SN activity in resting-state fMRI data in a sample of incarcerated men (N = 148). We entered the activity of the three networks into dynamic causal modeling to test SN's switching role. The previously established switching effect of SN among young, healthy adults was replicated in a group of low psychopathy participants (posterior model probability = 0.38). As predicted, SN's switching role was significantly diminished in high psychopathy participants (t(145) = 26.39, p < .001). These findings corroborate a novel theory of brain function in psychopathy. Future studies may use this model to test whether disrupted SN switching is related to high psychopathy individuals' abnormal allocation of attention.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cognition ; Brain Mapping ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Cues ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	449927-x
ISSN	1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
ISSN (online)	1872-7549
ISSN	0166-4328
DOI	10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114570
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Zs.A 1599: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Correlates of externalizing psychopathology in incarcerated men.

Rodrik, Odile / Weaver, Shelby S / Kiehl, Kent A / Koenigs, Michael

Psychological assessment

2022 Volume 34, Issue 10, Page(s) 912–922

Abstract: Externalizing traits are extremely costly for society and disproportionately prevalent among incarcerated individuals. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically derived classification system that approaches psychopathology ... ...

Abstract	Externalizing traits are extremely costly for society and disproportionately prevalent among incarcerated individuals. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically derived classification system that approaches psychopathology dimensionally and was developed in response to critiques of current diagnostic classification systems. The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-100 item version (ESI-100) is an assessment of externalizing problems that fits within the HiTOP framework and characterizes dimensional externalizing traits. The present study aimed to replicate prior research examining the convergent validity of the ESI Total Score by examining associations with psychopathy, conduct disorder, and substance use among incarcerated males. A total of 1,808 participants had ESI-100 data, although sample sizes across criterion measures varied. The majority of results replicated relationships between the ESI 159-item version and externalizing disorders and negative emotionality. Less is known about the dimensional relationships between externalizing traits as measured by the ESI-100 and internalizing disorders and symptoms, and other correlates of externalizing. The study extended previous results by examining associations between the ESI-100 and internalizing disorders, impulsivity, childhood trauma, and emotion regulation (ER) as a test of discriminant validity. Analyses revealed associations between the ESI-100 and childhood trauma, impulsivity, emotion regulation difficulties, and symptoms (but not diagnoses) of internalizing disorders. These results enhance our understanding of dimensional traits of externalizing and suggest nuanced relationships between externalizing and internalizing traits. Results have important implications (e.g., transdiagnostic treatment targets) for treatment of mental health disorders by highlighting the importance of cross-diagnostic treatment approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology ; Conduct Disorder ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Male ; Prisoners ; Psychopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0001161
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Zs.A 2645: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Uncertainty Potentiates Neural and Cardiac Responses to Visual Stimuli in Anxiety Disorders.

Hiser, Jaryd / Schneider, Brett / Koenigs, Michael

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

2021 Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) 725–734

Abstract: Background: Intolerance of uncertainty and worry about future events are cardinal features of anxiety. However, the neurobiological and physiological mechanisms underlying these characteristics of anxiety remain to be fully elucidated.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intolerance of uncertainty and worry about future events are cardinal features of anxiety. However, the neurobiological and physiological mechanisms underlying these characteristics of anxiety remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: Individuals with diagnosed anxiety disorders (n = 29, 22 female) and age-matched comparison subjects (n = 28, 17 female) completed a task in which pictures (aversive or neutral content) were preceded by cues indicating certainty or uncertainty about the emotional valence of the subsequent pictures. We assessed functional magnetic resonance imaging and heart rate activity with respect to the 1) cue period, 2) emotional valence of the pictures, and 3) modulatory effect of uncertainty on responses to subsequent pictures. Results: Individuals with anxiety disorders and comparison subjects exhibited similar functional magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac activity during the cue period and for the aversive versus neutral picture contrast. However, individuals with anxiety disorders exhibited greater modulatory effects of uncertainty on their responses to subsequent pictures. Specifically, they displayed greater functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in a number of cortical regions (visual cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior insula), as well as significantly reduced cardiac deceleration to pictures preceded by the uncertainty cue. Conclusions: These findings suggest that heightened neural and autonomic reactivity to stimuli during conditions of uncertainty may be a key psychobiological mechanism of anxiety.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders ; Emotions ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Uncertainty
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2879089-3
ISSN	2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
ISSN (online)	2451-9030
ISSN	2451-9022
DOI	10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.02.003
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Article ; Online: The neuropsychology of disgust.

Koenigs, Michael

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience

2012 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–122

MeSH term(s)	Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Morals ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology ; Social Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2236933-8
ISSN	1749-5024 ; 1749-5016
ISSN (online)	1749-5024
ISSN	1749-5016
DOI	10.1093/scan/nss134
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Article: The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy.

Koenigs, Michael

Reviews in the neurosciences

2012 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 253–262

Abstract: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by remorseless and impulsive antisocial behavior. Given the significant societal costs of the recidivistic criminal acti\xadvity associated with the disorder, there is a pressing need for more effective ...

Abstract	Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by remorseless and impulsive antisocial behavior. Given the significant societal costs of the recidivistic criminal acti\xadvity associated with the disorder, there is a pressing need for more effective treatment strategies and, hence, a better understanding of the psychobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is likely to play an important role in psychopathy. In particular, the ventromedial and anterior cingulate sectors of PFC are theorized to mediate a number of social and affective decision-making functions that appear to be disrupted in psychopathy. This article provides a critical summary of human neuroimaging data implicating prefrontal dysfunction in psychopathy. A growing body of evidence associates psychopathy with structural and functional abnormalities in ventromedial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex. Although this burgeoning field still faces a number of methodological challenges and outstanding questions that will need to be resolved by future studies, the research to date has established a link between psychopathy and PFC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/pathology ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology ; Behavior ; Gyrus Cinguli/pathology ; Humans ; Neurobiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prefrontal Cortex/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639035-3
ISSN	2191-0200 ; 0334-1763
ISSN (online)	2191-0200
ISSN	0334-1763
DOI	10.1515/revneuro-2012-0036
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Zs.B 3038: Show issues

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Article ; Online: An examination of autonomic and facial responses to prototypical facial emotion expressions in psychopathy.

Deming, Philip / Eisenbarth, Hedwig / Rodrik, Odile / Weaver, Shelby S / Kiehl, Kent A / Koenigs, Michael

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0270713

Abstract: Meta-analyses have found that people high in psychopathy categorize (or "recognize") others' prototypical facial emotion expressions with reduced accuracy. However, these have been contested with remaining questions regarding the strength, specificity, ... ...

Abstract	Meta-analyses have found that people high in psychopathy categorize (or "recognize") others' prototypical facial emotion expressions with reduced accuracy. However, these have been contested with remaining questions regarding the strength, specificity, and mechanisms of this ability in psychopathy. In addition, few studies have tested holistically whether psychopathy is related to reduced facial mimicry or autonomic arousal in response to others' dynamic facial expressions. Therefore, the current study presented 6 s videos of a target person making prototypical emotion expressions (anger, fear, disgust, sadness, joy, and neutral) to N = 88 incarcerated adult males while recording facial electromyography, skin conductance response (SCR), and heart rate. Participants identified the emotion category and rated the valence and intensity of the target person's emotion. Psychopathy was assessed via the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). We predicted that overall PCL-R scores and scores for the interpersonal/affective traits, in particular, would be related to reduced emotion categorization accuracy, valence ratings, intensity ratings, facial mimicry, SCR amplitude, and cardiac deceleration in response to the prototypical facial emotion expressions. In contrast to our hypotheses, PCL-R scores were unrelated to emotion categorization accuracy, valence ratings, and intensity ratings. Stimuli failed to elicit facial mimicry from the full sample, which does not allow drawing conclusions about the relationship between psychopathy and facial mimicry. However, participants displayed general autonomic arousal responses, but not to prototypical emotion expressions per se. PCL-R scores were also unrelated to SCR and cardiac deceleration. These findings failed to identify aberrant behavioral and physiological responses to prototypical facial emotion expressions in relation to psychopathy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anger ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Face ; Facial Expression ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270713
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