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Article: Interleukins Profiling in Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome.

Chouw, Angliana / Sartika, Cynthia Retna / Milanda, Tiana / Faried, Ahmad

Stem cells and cloning : advances and applications

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Background: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived secretome is currently used in regenerative therapy. MSCs are believed to secrete a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules which give paracrine effects in immunomodulation and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived secretome is currently used in regenerative therapy. MSCs are believed to secrete a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules which give paracrine effects in immunomodulation and regenerative capacities. One group that was found in secretome is interleukins (ILs), a cytokine that plays an essential role in the process of proliferation, differentiation, maturation, migration, and adhesion of immune cells. However, as there are many types of ILs, the profile of ILs in the UC-MSCs-derived secretome has been limitedly reported. Therefore, in this study, we would like to profile and detect the interleukin concentration secreted by UC-MSCs. Methods: UC-MSCs-derived secretome was collected from UC-MSCs passage 5 after 24- and 48-hour incubation (n=9). Secretome was filtered using 0.2 µm and stored at -80°C for further detection. All samples were normalized before the interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A) detection using a MACSPlex Cytokine Kit. Results: The IL-6 has the highest concentration among other interleukins in both groups and increases significantly ( Discussion: Our studies show that the UC-MSCs secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins. The concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukins shows to be increasing, while the pro-inflammatory interleukins are decreasing within the longer incubation time, but this not be applicable for IL-10 and IL-6. IL-6 has the highest concentration among other ILs. These results may provide important clues regarding when is the right time for secretome to be used in therapy patients, because all the molecules in the secretome can lead to many clinical manifestations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1178-6957
ISSN	1178-6957
DOI	10.2147/SCCAA.S356763
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Article ; Online: Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in combination with atorvastatin enhances endothelial progenitor cells proliferation and migration.

Oktaviono, Yudi Her / Hutomo, Suryo Ardi / Al-Farabi, Makhyan Jibril / Chouw, Angliana / Sandra, Ferry

F1000Research

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 537

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Atorvastatin/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Chemical Substances	Atorvastatin (A0JWA85V8F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.23547.2
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Article: Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Its Secretome in Treating COVID-19.

Chouw, Angliana / Milanda, Tiana / Sartika, Cynthia Retna / Kirana, Marsya Nilam / Halim, Danny / Faried, Ahmad

Regenerative engineering and translational medicine

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–54

Abstract: Abstract: The COVID-19 disease, which is caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has affected the world by increasing the mortality rate in 2020. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 patients. Several clinical trials have been ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: The COVID-19 disease, which is caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has affected the world by increasing the mortality rate in 2020. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 patients. Several clinical trials have been proposed to overcome this disease and many are still under investigation. In this review, we will be focusing on the potency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived secretome for treating COVID-19 patients. Fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and fatigue are the common clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. In mild and severe cases, cytokines are released hyper-actively which causes a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In order to maintain the lung microenvironment in COVID-19 patients, MSCs are used as cell-based therapy approaches as they can act as cell managers which accelerate the immune system to prevent the cytokine storm and promote endogenous repair. Besides, MSCs have shown minimal expression of ACE2 or TMPRSS2, and hence, MSCs are free from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous clinical studies have started worldwide and demonstrated that MSCs have great potential for ARDS treatment in COVID-19 patients. Preliminary data have shown that MSCs and MSC-derived secretome appear to be promising in the treatment of COVID-19. Lay summary: The COVID-19 disease is an infection disease which affects the world in 2020. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 patients. However, several clinical trials have been proposed to overcome this disease and one of them is using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived secretome for treating COVID-19 patients. During the infection, cytokines are released hyper-actively which causes a cytokine storm. MSCs play an important role in maintaining the lung microenvironment in COVID-19 patients. They can act as cell managers which accelerate the immune system to prevent the cytokine storm and promote the endogenous repair. Therefore, it is important to explore the clinical trial in the world for treating the COVID-19 disease using MSCs and MSC-derived secretome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2842659-9
ISSN	2364-4141 ; 2364-4133
ISSN (online)	2364-4141
ISSN	2364-4133
DOI	10.1007/s40883-021-00202-5
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Article ; Online: Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in combination with atorvastatin enhances endothelial progenitor cells proliferation and migration [version 2; peer review

Yudi Her Oktaviono / Suryo Ardi Hutomo / Makhyan Jibril Al-Farabi / Angliana Chouw / Ferry Sandra

F1000Research, Vol

2 approved]

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Background: Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC)-derived secretome is known to be able to promote neovascularization and angiogenesis, so it is also thought to have a capability to modulate endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) ... ...

Abstract	Background: Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC)-derived secretome is known to be able to promote neovascularization and angiogenesis, so it is also thought to have a capability to modulate endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions. Atorvastatin is the cornerstone of coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment which can enhance EPCs proliferation and migration. This study aims to analyze the effect of the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome and its combination with atorvastatin toward EPCs proliferation and migration. Methods: EPCs were isolated from a CAD patient’s peripheral blood. Cultured EPCs were divided into a control group and treatment group of 2.5 µM atorvastatin, hUCB-MSC-derived secretome (2%, 10%, and 20% concentration) and its combination. EPCs proliferation was evaluated using an MTT cell proliferation assay, and EPC migration was evaluated using a Transwell migration assay kit. Results: This research showed that hUCB-MSC-derived secretomes significantly increase EPC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The high concentration of hUCB-MSC-derived secretome were shown to be superior to atorvastatin in inducing EPC proliferation and migration (p<0.001). A combination of the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome and atorvastatin shown to improve EPCs proliferation and migration compared to hUCB-MSC-derived secretome treatment or atorvastatin alone (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study concluded that the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome work synergistically with atorvastatin treatment in improving EPCs proliferation and migration.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Mesenchymal stem cell secretome ameliorates over-expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in animal SLE model.

Bachnas, Muhammad Adrianes / Dekker, Gustaaf Albert / Mudigdo, Ambar / Purwanto, Bambang / Sulistyowati, Sri / Dachlan, Erry Gumilar / Akbar, Muhammad Ilham Aldika / Chouw, Angliana / Sartika, Cynthia Retna / Widjiati, Widjiati

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 2279931

Abstract: Introduction: In the near future, stem cell research may lead to several major therapeutic innovations in medical practice. Secretome, a "by-product" of stem cell line cultures, has many advantages. Its easiness of storage, usage, and fast direct effect ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the near future, stem cell research may lead to several major therapeutic innovations in medical practice. Secretome, a "by-product" of stem cell line cultures, has many advantages. Its easiness of storage, usage, and fast direct effect are some of those to consider. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains one of the significant challenges in maternal-fetal and neonatal medicine. Placentation failure is one of the most profound causal and is often related to increasing sFlt-1 in early pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate hUC-MSC secretome in ameliorating sFlt-1 and how to improve outcomes in preventing FGR in an animal model. Materials and methods: Pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a mouse model was used to represent placentation failure and its consequences. Twenty-one mice were randomized into three groups: (I) normal pregnancy, (II) SLE, and (III) SLE with secretome treatment. Pristane was administered in all Groups four weeks prior mating period. Secretome was derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium on the 3rd and 4th passage, around day-21 until day-28 from the start of culturing process. Mesenchymal stem cell was characterized using flow cytometry for CD105+, CD90+, and CD73+ surface antigen markers. Immunohistochemistry anlysis by using Remmele's Immunoreactive Score (IRS) was used to quantify the placental sFlt-1 expression in each group. Birth weight and length were analyzed as the secondary outcome. The number of fetuses obtained was also calculated for pregnancy loss comparison between Groups. Results: The administration of secretome of hUC-MSC was found to lower the expression of the placental sFlt-1 significantly in the pristane SLE animal model (10.30 ± 1.40 vs. 4.98 ± 2.57; Conclusions: Administration of secretome lowers sFlt-1 expression in placenta, improves fetal growth, and prevents pregnancy loss in a mouse SLE model.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Abortion, Spontaneous/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Birth Weight ; Fetal Growth Retardation/therapy ; Fetal Growth Retardation/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Models, Animal ; Placenta/metabolism ; Placenta Growth Factor/metabolism ; Secretome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Placenta Growth Factor (144589-93-5) ; pristane (26HZV48DT1) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2077261-0
ISSN	1476-4954 ; 1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
ISSN (online)	1476-4954
ISSN	1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
DOI	10.1080/14767058.2023.2279931
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Article ; Online: Differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cell into inner ear hair cell using an in vitro assay: a preliminary step toward treating sensorineural hearing loss.

Adriztina, Indri / Munir, Delfitri / Sandra, Ferry / Ichwan, Muhamad / Bashiruddin, Jenny / Putra, Imam Budi / Farhat / Sembiring, Rosita Juwita / Sartika, Cynthia Retna / Chouw, Angliana / Pratiwi, Endah Dianty

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

2021 Volume 279, Issue 4, Page(s) 1805–1812

Abstract: Purpose: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is commonly caused by the death or dysfunction of cochlear cell types as a result of their lack of regenerative capacity. However, regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, has become a promising tool ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is commonly caused by the death or dysfunction of cochlear cell types as a result of their lack of regenerative capacity. However, regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, has become a promising tool to cure many diseases, including hearing loss. In this study, we determined whether DPSCs could differentiate into cochlear hair cell in vitro. Methods: DPSCs derived from human third molar dental pulp were induced into NSCs using a medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 7 days, and then into cochlear hair cell using a medium containing EGF and IGF-1 for the next 14 days. We used the neuroepithelial protein marker nestin and cochlear hair cell marker myosin VIIa as the markers for cells differentiation. Cells expressing the positive markers under the microscope were confirmed to have differentiated into cochlear hair cell. Results: DPSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into NSCs, with mean 24% nestin-positive cells. We found that DPSC-derived NSCs have a great capacity in differentiating into inner ear hair cell-like cells with an average of 81% cells presenting myosin VIIa. Thus, DPSCs have high potential to serve as a good resource for SNHL treatment. Conclusion: We found the high potential of DPSCs to differentiate into NSC. The ability of DPSCs in differentiating into neural lineage cell made them a good candidate for regenerative therapy in neural diseases, such as SNHL.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Differentiation ; Dental Pulp ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy ; Humans ; Stem Cells
Chemical Substances	Epidermal Growth Factor (62229-50-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1017359-6
ISSN	1434-4726 ; 0937-4477
ISSN (online)	1434-4726
ISSN	0937-4477
DOI	10.1007/s00405-021-06864-9
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Article ; Online: Influence of Maternal Age on Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cell Concentration in Umbilical Cord Blood

Angliana Chouw / Bayu W. Putera / Cynthia R. Sartika / Ajeng Diantini / Tono Djuwantono / Ahmad Faried / Dwi A. P. Dewi / Julia Riswandani

Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 114-

2019 Volume 120

Abstract: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used in regenerative medicine due to the stem cell content in the blood. Hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell are found in UCB sample. Dosage and route of administration of stem cell need to ... ...

Abstract	Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used in regenerative medicine due to the stem cell content in the blood. Hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell are found in UCB sample. Dosage and route of administration of stem cell need to be determined for the success of regenerative therapy. Therefore, information that can affect the stem cell number is needed. This study used cross-sectional approach, and was conducted at Prodia StemCell Laboratory in December 2017. Twenty-two UCB samples collected from Prodia StemCell Laboratory which had been stored for more than 2 years were thawed to detect the number of stem cell. Flowcytometry method was used to detect the number of hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell in UCB sample. Hematopoietic stem cell was detected using antibody CD34+ and CD45+ while very small embryonic-like stem cell was detected using CD45-, CD34+, and CD184(CXCR4)+. The mean cell number of hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell in maternal age above 30 years old group were 63.71 ±58.419x103 cell/mL and 7.83±7.060 x103 cell/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in maternal age group during pregnancy (r=0.0510; p<0.005). In conclusion, the number of cells in umbilical cord blood due to the number of blood cell is not related to maternal age.
Keywords	Hematopoeitic stem cell ; stem cell ; umbilical cord blood ; very small embryonic-like stem cell ; Medicine ; R ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universitas Padjajaran
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of CD117+ Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Cells

Ferry Sandra / Janti Sudiono / Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha / Angliana Chouw / Melanie Sadono Djamil

Indonesian Biomedical Journal, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 78-

2017 Volume 83

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) have been suggested as valuable seed cells for bone engineering, suggesting that both stem cells are potential osteogenic sources. Since DPSC and PDLSC seem like to have ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) have been suggested as valuable seed cells for bone engineering, suggesting that both stem cells are potential osteogenic sources. Since DPSC and PDLSC seem like to have similar potential in bone formation, we conducted a study to compare morphology, immunophenotype and cell growth of DPSC and PDLSC isolated from the same teeth. METHODS: Human dental pulps and periodontal ligaments were obtained from freshly extracted partial impacted third molar teeth. Collected samples were digested with type I collagenase. Resulted cell suspension was washed and cultured. For biomarker identification, the cells were fixed and bound with anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-cluster of differentiation (CD)117 antibody. For cell growth quantification, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Meanwhile for osteogenic differentiation, the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 1-3 weeks, fixed and stained with alizarin red. RESULTS: Morphology of dental pulps cell (DPC) and periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) in passage 5 was similar. Clear CD117 green fluorescence of DPC and PDLC in passage 5 was observed. Cell growth rate of PDLC was higher than the one of DPC, 0.3858 and 0.3848 respectively. DPC formed bone nodule on the third week culture in osteogenic medium, while PDLC showed bone nodule formation on the second week culture. CONCLUSION: We suggest that DPC and PDLC are potential seed cells for osteogenic regeneration, since they had cell growth capacity and osteogenic differentiation, particularly PDLC that had faster osteogenic differentiation. KEYWORDS: dental pulp, periodontal ligament, cell, growth, osteogenic differentiation
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Secretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Endothelial progenitor cells proliferated via MEK-dependent p42 MAPK signaling pathway.

Sandra, Ferry / Oktaviono, Yudi Her / Widodo, Mohammad Aris / Dirgantara, Yanni / Chouw, Angliana / Sargowo, Djanggan

Molecular and cellular biochemistry

2015 Volume 400, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 201–206

Abstract: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) clinical applications have been well reported. However, due to low number of EPCs that could be isolated, EPCs expansion study became one of the main focuses. Some optimized mediums to culture EPCs were currently ... ...

Abstract	Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) clinical applications have been well reported. However, due to low number of EPCs that could be isolated, EPCs expansion study became one of the main focuses. Some optimized mediums to culture EPCs were currently available. However, the proliferation signaling pathway is not clearly disclosed yet. Peripheral blood was collected from eight healthy subjects, followed by mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolation. MNCs were then prepared and cultured for 2 days. After that, non-adherent cells were harvested and further cultured for 3 days. Resulted colony-forming unit (CFU)-Hill colonies were documented and enumerated under an inverted light microscope. To detect membrane markers, immunofluorescence was performed to detect CD34, VEGFR-2, and CD133. Cell documentation was conducted under a fluorescence microscope. To check cell proliferation, XTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit was used according to kit insert. To detect possible activation of p44/42 MAPK, western blot was performed to detect p44/42 MAPK and phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK. All visualized bands were captured and quantified. Our results showed that EPCs markers (CD34, CD133 and VEGFR-2) were detected in 3 days culture. From XTT cell proliferation assay and CFU enumeration results, we found that EPCs proliferated significantly (p = 0.012) with addition of supplement. Phosphorylated-p42 MAPK expression of EPCs treated with supplement was significantly higher than the one of EPCs without treatment. Significant inhibition of p42 MAPK phosphorylation by U0126 was observed (p = 0.012). By pretreatment of U0126, number of viable cells and CFUs treated with supplement was significantly decreased (p = 0.012). Our results showed that MEK-dependent p42 MAPK pathway might play an important role in EPCs proliferation.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/biosynthesis ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
Chemical Substances	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184833-1
ISSN	1573-4919 ; 0300-8177
ISSN (online)	1573-4919
ISSN	0300-8177
DOI	10.1007/s11010-014-2276-z
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Article ; Online: Macerated-Pineapple Core Crude Extract-derived Bromelain Has Low Cytotoxic Effect in NIH-3T3 Fibroblast

Dewi Liliany Margaretta / Angliana Chouw / Yanni Dirgantara / Melanie Sadono Djamil / Ferry Sandra

Indonesian Biomedical Journal, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 101-

2015 Volume 6

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme that can hydrolyze protein, protease or peptide. Bromelain can be found in pineapple stem, fruit and core. Bromelain is composed of 212 amino acid residues with cysteine-25 forming a polypeptide ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme that can hydrolyze protein, protease or peptide. Bromelain can be found in pineapple stem, fruit and core. Bromelain is composed of 212 amino acid residues with cysteine-25 forming a polypeptide chain that can hydrolyze peptide bonds by H2O. In medicine, bromelain has been developed as antibiotic, cancer drug, anti-inflammatory agent and immunomodulator. In dentistry, bromelain has potential to reduce plaque formation on the teeth and to irrigate root canal. METHODS: Pineapple core was dried for 3 days to get simplicia. Then simplicia was extracted with water solvent for 24 hours. After that, the macerated-pineapple core crude extract-derived bromelain (PCB) was separated by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining to ensure the presence of bromelain. In cytotoxic test, NIH-3T3 fibroblast cultures were treated with extracts in various concentrations to for 24 or 48 hours. Number of fibroblasts was calculated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS: Pineapple core extraction using maceration method produced relative high yield (concentration: 1.5424 g/mL) of bromelain, which was confirmed by CBB staining results with the molecular weight of 33 kDa. Based on cytotoxic test results of PCB on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, 24-hours-incubation LD50 was 95.7 g/L, while 48-hours-incubation LD50 was 51.1 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: PCB has low cytotoxic effect in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. KEYWORDS: bromelain, pineapple, extract, cytotoxic, MTT.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Secretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
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