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Article: The make‐or‐buy decision of feed on livestock farms: Evidence from Ontario swine farms

Shang, Max Zongyuan / McEwan, Ken

Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2021 Sept., v. 69, no. 3

2021

Abstract: We define the boundary of a livestock farm in terms of corn production as the percentage of homegrown corn in total corn required. A new theoretical model is proposed that explains how farm boundaries are shaped by the relative efficiency of two ... ...

Abstract	We define the boundary of a livestock farm in terms of corn production as the percentage of homegrown corn in total corn required. A new theoretical model is proposed that explains how farm boundaries are shaped by the relative efficiency of two alternative transaction‐facilitating mechanisms: market and hierarchy. Using tax filer data from swine farms in Ontario, this article analyzes the impact that the mechanism efficiency has on farm boundaries. To identify the potential causal effect, the USD/CAD exchange rate is used as the instrumental variable for corn price in Ontario. The findings support the theoretical model: in‐house corn production expands due to not only higher price but also higher price volatility. The potential causal relationship we identified flowing from the mechanism efficiency to farm boundary may shed light on why swine and other livestock industries are shifting towards nonmarket arrangements.
Keywords	corn ; farms ; markets ; prices ; swine ; theoretical models ; Ontario
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Size	p. 353-368.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	417256-5
ISSN	0008-3976
ISSN	0008-3976
DOI	10.1111/cjag.12269
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Canadian pork industry and COVID‐19: A year of resilience

McEwan, Ken / Marchand, Lynn / Shang, Max Zongyuan

Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2021 June, v. 69, no. 2

2021

Abstract: While COVID‐19 had the potential to be extremely disruptive to the Canadian pork supply chain, the sector showed resiliency by adjusting to market changes to ensure industry continuation. Unlike other non‐agricultural firms that were mandated to close at ...

Abstract	While COVID‐19 had the potential to be extremely disruptive to the Canadian pork supply chain, the sector showed resiliency by adjusting to market changes to ensure industry continuation. Unlike other non‐agricultural firms that were mandated to close at times, the pork sector was deemed an essential service and allowed to continue operating throughout the pandemic. Evidence of this resiliency is seen in three main ways. First, market access to the United States was maintained for both live pigs and pork exports. Second, Canada not only maintained market share in global pork exports, but it also actually increased shipments because of strong demand from China caused by African swine fever. Third, the challenges of processing plant closures and labour shortages were overcome in a variety of ways including increasing interprovincial shipments and increasing live pig exports to the United States. Pork consumption on a per capita basis continued the historical downward trend, and it is expected that consumers will return to their normal consumption patterns (e.g., dining at restaurants) despite job losses. At the meat processing level, it is anticipated that there will be an acceleration in the process to automate.
Keywords	African swine fever ; COVID-19 infection ; agricultural economics ; labor ; market access ; market share ; pandemic ; pork ; pork industry ; supply chain ; swine ; Canada ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 225-232.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	417256-5
ISSN	0008-3976
ISSN	0008-3976
DOI	10.1111/cjag.12276
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Hitchhiking Mapping of Candidate Regions Associated with Fat Deposition in Iranian Thin and Fat Tail Sheep Breeds Suggests New Insights into Molecular Aspects of Fat Tail Selection.

Moradi, Mohammad Hossein / Nejati-Javaremi, Ardeshir / Moradi-Shahrbabak, Mohammad / Dodds, Ken G / Brauning, Rudiger / McEwan, John C

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: The fat tail is a phenotype that divides indigenous Iranian sheep genetic resources into two major groups. The objective of the present study is to refine the map location of candidate regions associated with fat deposition, obtained via two separate ... ...

Abstract	The fat tail is a phenotype that divides indigenous Iranian sheep genetic resources into two major groups. The objective of the present study is to refine the map location of candidate regions associated with fat deposition, obtained via two separate whole genome scans contrasting thin and fat tail breeds, and to determine the nature of the selection occurring in these regions using a hitchhiking approach. Zel (thin tail) and Lori-Bakhtiari (fat tail) breed samples that had previously been run on the Illumina Ovine 50 k BeadChip, were genotyped with a denser set of SNPs in the three candidate regions using a Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform. Statistical tests were then performed using different and complementary methods based on either site frequency (F
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12111423
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficiency of genotyping by sequencing in inferring genomic relatedness and molecular insights into fat tail selection in Tunisian sheep.

Bedhiaf-Romdhani, Sonia / Baazaoui, Imen / Dodds, Ken G / Brauning, Rudiger / Anderson, Rayna M / Van Stijn, Tracey C / McCulloch, Alan F / McEwan, John Colin

Animal genetics

2023 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 389–397

Abstract: In developing countries, the use of simple and cost-efficient molecular technology is crucial for genetic characterization of local animal resources and better development of conservation strategies. The genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, also ... ...

Abstract	In developing countries, the use of simple and cost-efficient molecular technology is crucial for genetic characterization of local animal resources and better development of conservation strategies. The genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, also called restriction enzyme- reduced representational sequencing, is an efficient, cost-effective method for simultaneous discovery and genotyping of many markers. In the present study, we applied a two-enzyme GBS protocol (PstI/MspI) to discover and genotype SNP markers among 197 Tunisian sheep samples. A total of 100 333 bi-allelic SNPs were discovered and genotyped with an SNP call rate of 0.69 and mean sample depth 3.33. The genomic relatedness between 183 samples grouped the samples perfectly to their populations and pointed out a high genetic relatedness of inbred subpopulation reflecting the current adopted reproductive strategies. The genome-wide association study contrasting fat vs. thin-tailed breeds detected 41 significant variants including a peak positioned on OAR20. We identified FOXC1, GMDS, VEGFA, OXCT1, VRTN and BMP2 as the most promising for sheep tail-type trait. The GBS data have been useful to assess the population structure and improve our understanding of the genomic architecture of distinctive characteristics shaped by selection pressure in local sheep breeds. This study successfully investigates a cost-efficient method to discover genotypes, assign populations and understand insights into sheep adaptation to arid area. GBS could be of potential utility in livestock species in developing/emerging countries.
MeSH term(s)	Sheep/genetics ; Animals ; Genotype ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Tail ; Genome ; Genomics ; Genotyping Techniques ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632766-7
ISSN	1365-2052 ; 0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
ISSN (online)	1365-2052
ISSN	0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
DOI	10.1111/age.13296
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Article: Potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian pork industry

McEwan, Ken / Marchand, Lynn / Shang, Max / Bucknell, Delia

Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2020 June, v. 68, no. 2

2020

Abstract: Canada and the United States have strong economic ties and form part of an integrated North American pork industry. Canada's pork industry is export‐oriented, and the United States represents a key market for both live pigs and pork. Pork value chain ... ...

Abstract	Canada and the United States have strong economic ties and form part of an integrated North American pork industry. Canada's pork industry is export‐oriented, and the United States represents a key market for both live pigs and pork. Pork value chain stakeholders include input suppliers, pig producers, transportation companies, slaughter plants, wholesalers, and retailers. There are three overriding areas of concern for the Canadian pork industry with respect to potential impacts of the current pandemic (COVID‐19). The first is Canada/US trade and the ability to continue exporting Canadian live pigs and pork to the United States. The second is labor and the impact of potential absenteeism on all sectors of the pork value chain. The third is global trade, because Canada's pork industry relies heavily on exporting pork to markets around the world.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; agricultural economics ; international trade ; labor ; markets ; pandemic ; pork ; pork industry ; slaughter ; stakeholders ; supply chain ; swine ; transportation ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-06
Size	p. 201-206.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	417256-5
ISSN	0008-3976
ISSN	0008-3976
DOI	10.1111/cjag.12236
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Genetic parameters for residual feed intake, methane emissions, and body composition in New Zealand maternal sheep.

Johnson, Patricia L / Hickey, Sharon / Knowler, Kevin / Wing, Janine / Bryson, Brooke / Hall, Melanie / Jonker, Arjan / Janssen, Peter H / Dodds, Ken G / McEwan, John C / Rowe, Suzanne J

Frontiers in genetics

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 911639

Abstract: There is simultaneous interest in improving the feed efficiency of ruminant livestock and reducing methane ( ... ...

Abstract	There is simultaneous interest in improving the feed efficiency of ruminant livestock and reducing methane (CH
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2022.911639
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficiency of genotyping by sequencing in inferring genomic relatedness and molecular insights into fat tail selection in Tunisian sheep

Bedhiaf‐Romdhani, Sonia / Baazaoui, Imen / Dodds, Ken G. / Brauning, Rudiger / Anderson, Rayna M. / Van Stijn, Tracey C. / McCulloch, Alan F. / McEwan, John Colin

Animal Genetics. 2023 June, v. 54, no. 3 p.389-397

2023

Abstract: In developing countries, the use of simple and cost‐efficient molecular technology is crucial for genetic characterization of local animal resources and better development of conservation strategies. The genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, also ... ...

Abstract	In developing countries, the use of simple and cost‐efficient molecular technology is crucial for genetic characterization of local animal resources and better development of conservation strategies. The genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, also called restriction enzyme‐ reduced representational sequencing, is an efficient, cost‐effective method for simultaneous discovery and genotyping of many markers. In the present study, we applied a two‐enzyme GBS protocol (PstI/MspI) to discover and genotype SNP markers among 197 Tunisian sheep samples. A total of 100 333 bi‐allelic SNPs were discovered and genotyped with an SNP call rate of 0.69 and mean sample depth 3.33. The genomic relatedness between 183 samples grouped the samples perfectly to their populations and pointed out a high genetic relatedness of inbred subpopulation reflecting the current adopted reproductive strategies. The genome‐wide association study contrasting fat vs. thin‐tailed breeds detected 41 significant variants including a peak positioned on OAR20. We identified FOXC1, GMDS, VEGFA, OXCT1, VRTN and BMP2 as the most promising for sheep tail‐type trait. The GBS data have been useful to assess the population structure and improve our understanding of the genomic architecture of distinctive characteristics shaped by selection pressure in local sheep breeds. This study successfully investigates a cost‐efficient method to discover genotypes, assign populations and understand insights into sheep adaptation to arid area. GBS could be of potential utility in livestock species in developing/emerging countries.
Keywords	animal genetics ; cost effectiveness ; genetic relationships ; genome-wide association study ; genomics ; genotype ; genotyping ; population structure ; protocols ; selection pressure ; sheep
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Size	p. 389-397.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	632766-7
ISSN	1365-2052 ; 0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
ISSN (online)	1365-2052
ISSN	0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
DOI	10.1111/age.13296
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian pork industry

McEwan, Ken / Marchand, Lynn / Shang, Max / Bucknell, Delia

Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie

2020 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 201–206

Keywords	Agronomy and Crop Science ; Ecology ; Economics and Econometrics ; Animal Science and Zoology ; Global and Planetary Change ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	417256-5
ISSN	0008-3976
ISSN	0008-3976
DOI	10.1111/cjag.12236
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hitchhiking Mapping of Candidate Regions Associated with Fat Deposition in Iranian Thin and Fat Tail Sheep Breeds Suggests New Insights into Molecular Aspects of Fat Tail Selection

Mohammad Hossein Moradi / Ardeshir Nejati-Javaremi / Mohammad Moradi-Shahrbabak / Ken G. Dodds / Rudiger Brauning / John C. McEwan

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 1423, p

2022 Volume 1423

Abstract	The fat tail is a phenotype that divides indigenous Iranian sheep genetic resources into two major groups. The objective of the present study is to refine the map location of candidate regions associated with fat deposition, obtained via two separate whole genome scans contrasting thin and fat tail breeds, and to determine the nature of the selection occurring in these regions using a hitchhiking approach. Zel (thin tail) and Lori-Bakhtiari (fat tail) breed samples that had previously been run on the Illumina Ovine 50 k BeadChip, were genotyped with a denser set of SNPs in the three candidate regions using a Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform. Statistical tests were then performed using different and complementary methods based on either site frequency (F ST and Median homozygosity) or haplotype (iHS and XP-EHH). The results from candidate regions on chromosome 5 and X revealed clear evidence of selection with the derived haplotypes that was consistent with selection to near fixation for the haplotypes affecting fat tail size in the fat tail breed. An analysis of the candidate region on chromosome 7 indicated that selection differentiated the beneficial alleles between breeds and homozygosity has increased in the thin tail breed which also had the ancestral haplotype. These results enabled us to confirm the signature of selection in these regions and refine the critical intervals from 113 kb, 201 kb, and 2831 kb to 28 kb, 142 kb, and 1006 kb on chromosome 5, 7, and X respectively. These regions contain several genes associated with fat metabolism or developmental processes consisting of TCF7 and PPP2CA (OAR5), PTGDR and NID2 (OAR7), AR , EBP , CACNA1F , HSD17B10, SLC35A2 , BMP15 , WDR13 , and RBM3 (OAR X), and each of which could potentially be the actual target of selection. The study of core haplotypes alleles in our regions of interest also supported the hypothesis that the first domesticated sheep were thin tailed, and that fat tail animals were developed later. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive ...
Keywords	genomic scan ; selection signature ; lipid metabolisms ; candidate genes ; fat tail sheep ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exclusion and Genomic Relatedness Methods for Assignment of Parentage Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing Data.

Dodds, Ken G / McEwan, John C / Brauning, Rudiger / van Stijn, Tracey C / Rowe, Suzanne J / McEwan, K Mary / Clarke, Shannon M

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2019 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) 3239–3247

Abstract: Genotypes are often used to assign parentage in agricultural and ecological settings. Sequencing can be used to obtain genotypes but does not provide unambiguous genotype calls, especially when sequencing depth is low in order to reduce costs. In that ... ...

Abstract	Genotypes are often used to assign parentage in agricultural and ecological settings. Sequencing can be used to obtain genotypes but does not provide unambiguous genotype calls, especially when sequencing depth is low in order to reduce costs. In that case, standard parentage analysis methods no longer apply. A strategy for using low-depth sequencing data for parentage assignment is developed here. It entails the use of relatedness estimates along with a metric termed excess mismatch rate which, for parent-offspring pairs or trios, is the difference between the observed mismatch rate and the rate expected under a model of inheritance and allele reads without error. When more than one putative parent has similar statistics, bootstrapping can provide a measure of the relatedness similarity. Putative parent-offspring trios can be further checked for consistency by comparing the offspring's estimated inbreeding to half the parent relatedness. Suitable thresholds are required for each metric. These methods were applied to a deer breeding operation consisting of two herds of different breeds. Relatedness estimates were more in line with expectation when the herds were analyzed separately than when combined, although this did not alter which parents were the best matches with each offspring. Parentage results were largely consistent with those based on a microsatellite parentage panel with three discordant parent assignments out of 1561. Two models are investigated to allow the parentage metrics to be calculated with non-random selection of alleles. The tools and strategies given here allow parentage to be assigned from low-depth sequencing data.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Alleles ; Breeding ; Databases, Genetic ; Family ; Gene Frequency ; Genomics/methods ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Models, Genetic ; Pedigree ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1534/g3.119.400501
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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