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Article ; Online: Effect of station format on the psychometric properties of Multiple Mini Interviews.

Renaud, Jean-Sébastien / Bourget, Martine / St-Onge, Christina / Eva, Kevin W / Tavares, Walter / Salvador Loye, Alexis / Leduc, Jean-Michel / Homer, Matt

Medical education

2022 Volume 56, Issue 10, Page(s) 1042–1050

Abstract: Background: Given the widespread use of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs), their impact on the selection of candidates and the considerable resources invested in preparing and administering them, it is essential to ensure their quality. Given the variety ... ...

Abstract	Background: Given the widespread use of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs), their impact on the selection of candidates and the considerable resources invested in preparing and administering them, it is essential to ensure their quality. Given the variety of station formats used and the degree to which that factor resides in the control of training programmes that we know so little about, format's effect on MMI quality is a considerable oversight. This study assessed the effect of two popular station formats (interview vs. role-play) on the psychometric properties of MMIs. Methods: We analysed candidate data from the first 8 years of the Integrated French MMIs (IF-MMI) (2010-2017, n = 11 761 applicants), an MMI organised yearly by three francophone universities and administered at four testing sites located in two Canadian provinces. There were 84 role-play and 96 interview stations administered, totalling 180 stations. Mixed design analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to test the effect of station format on candidates' scores and stations' discrimination. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for interview and role-play stations were also compared. Predictive validity of both station formats was estimated with a mixed multiple linear regression model testing the relation between interview and role-play scores with average clerkship performance for those who gained entry to medical school (n = 462). Results: Role-play stations (M = 20.67, standard deviation [SD] = 3.38) had a slightly lower mean score than interview stations (M = 21.36, SD = 3.08), p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.2. The correlation between role-play and interview stations scores was r = 0.5 (p < 0.01). Discrimination coefficients, Cronbach's alpha and predictive validity statistics did not vary by station format. Conclusion: Interview and role-play stations have comparable psychometric properties, suggesting format to be interchangeable. Programmes should select station format based on match to the personal qualities for which they are trying to select.
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; School Admission Criteria ; Schools, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	195274-2
ISSN	1365-2923 ; 0308-0110
ISSN (online)	1365-2923
ISSN	0308-0110
DOI	10.1111/medu.14855
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Article ; Online: Characterization of a corneal endothelium engineered on a self-assembled stromal substitute.

Bourget, Jean-Michel / Proulx, Stéphanie

Experimental eye research

2016 Volume 145, Page(s) 125–129

Abstract: Endothelial dysfunctions are the first indication for allogeneic corneal transplantation. Development of a tissue-engineered posterior cornea could be an alternative to the use of native allogeneic tissues. In this paper, we used the self-assembly ... ...

Abstract	Endothelial dysfunctions are the first indication for allogeneic corneal transplantation. Development of a tissue-engineered posterior cornea could be an alternative to the use of native allogeneic tissues. In this paper, we used the self-assembly approach to form a cellularized stromal substitute that served as a carrier for the engineering of an endothelium. This endothelialized stromal substitute was then characterized using alizarin red staining, histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as mass spectrometry and immunodetection of collagens and function-related proteins. We report the engineering of a monolayer of flattened endothelial cells with a cell density of 966 ± 242 cells/mm(2) (mean ± SD). Endothelial interdigitations were present between cells. The stromal fibroblasts deposited a dense and cohesive collagenous matrix. Collagen fibrils had a diameter of 39.1 ± 11.3 nm, and a mean center to center interfibrillar space of 50.9 ± 10.9 nm. The stromal substitute was composed of collagen types I, V, VI and XII, as well as lumican and decorin. Type IV collagen was also present underneath the endothelium. The endothelium expressed both the sodium/potassium (Na(+)/K(-)) ATPase and sodium/bicarbonate (Na(+)/ [Formula: see text] ) cotransporter pumps. These results indicate that the self-assembled stromal substitute is able to support the expression of endothelial cell functionality markers and therefore, is a suitable carrier for the engineering of an endothelium that could be used for the treatment of endothelial dysfunctions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Corneal Transplantation ; Endothelium, Corneal/transplantation ; Endothelium, Corneal/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Tissue Engineering/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80122-7
ISSN	1096-0007 ; 0014-4835
ISSN (online)	1096-0007
ISSN	0014-4835
DOI	10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.019
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Article ; Online: Linoleic acid supplementation of cell culture media influences the phospholipid and lipid profiles of human reconstructed adipose tissue.

Ouellette, Marie-Ève / Bérubé, Jean-Christophe / Bourget, Jean-Michel / Vallée, Maud / Bossé, Yohan / Fradette, Julie

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) e0224228

Abstract: Reconstructed human adipose tissues represent novel tools available to perform in vitro pharmaco-toxicological studies. We used adipose-derived human stromal/stem cells to reconstruct, using tissue engineering techniques, such an adipose tridimensional ... ...

Abstract	Reconstructed human adipose tissues represent novel tools available to perform in vitro pharmaco-toxicological studies. We used adipose-derived human stromal/stem cells to reconstruct, using tissue engineering techniques, such an adipose tridimensional model. To determine to what extent the in vitro model is representative of its native counterpart, adipogenic differentiation, triglycerides accumulation and phospholipids profiles were analysed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software revealed pathways enriched with differentially-expressed genes between native and reconstructed human adipose tissues. Interestingly, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were downregulated in vitro, which could be explained in part by the insufficient amount of essential fatty acids provided by the fetal calf serum used for the culture. Indeed, the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues indicated a particular lack of linoleic acid, which could interfere with physiological cell processes such as membrane trafficking, signaling and inflammatory responses. Supplementation in the culture medium was able to influence the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues. This study demonstrates the possibility to directly modulate the phospholipid profile of reconstructed human adipose tissues. This reinforces its use as a relevant physiological or pathological model for further pharmacological and metabolic studies of human adipose tissue functions.
MeSH term(s)	Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Linoleic Acid/administration & dosage ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Tissue Engineering ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	Culture Media ; Phospholipids ; Linoleic Acid (9KJL21T0QJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0224228
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Article: Black students applying and admitted to medicine in the province of Quebec, Canada: what do we know so far?

Leduc, Jean-Michel / Kpadé, Victoire / Bizimungu, Samantha / Bourget, Martine / Gauthier, Isabelle / Bourdy, Christian / Chétrit, Estelle / Razack, Saleem

Canadian medical education journal

2021 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 78–81

Abstract: To address the underrepresentation of Black students in medical schools in Canada and identify barriers in selection processes, we compare data from the latest Canadian census to that of an exit-survey conducted after a situational judgment test (Casper) ...

Abstract	To address the underrepresentation of Black students in medical schools in Canada and identify barriers in selection processes, we compare data from the latest Canadian census to that of an exit-survey conducted after a situational judgment test (Casper) among medical school applicants and from questionnaires done after selection interviews in Quebec, Canada. The proportion of Black people aged 15-34 years old in Quebec in 2016 was 5.3% province-wide and 8.2% in the Montreal metropolitan area. The proportion in the applicant pool for 2020 in Quebec was estimated to be 4.5% based on Casper exit-survey data. Comparatively, it is estimated that Black people represented 1.8% of applicants invited to admission interviews and 1.2% of admitted students in Quebec in 2019. Although data from different cohorts and data sources do not allow for direct comparisons, these numbers suggest that Black students applying to medical school are disproportionately rejected at the first step compared to non-Black students. Longitudinal data collection among medical school applicants will be necessary to monitor the situation. Further studies are required to pinpoint the factors contributing to this underrepresentation, to keep improving the equity of our selection processes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-29
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2689512-2
ISSN	1923-1202
ISSN	1923-1202
DOI	10.36834/cmej.72017
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Article ; Online: Black students applying and admitted to medicine in the province of Quebec, Canada

Jean-Michel Leduc / Victoire Kpadé / Samantha Bizimungu / Martine Bourget / Isabelle Gauthier / Christian Bourdy / Estelle Chétrit / Saleem Razack

Canadian Medical Education Journal (2021)

what do we know so far?

2021

Abstract	To address the underrepresentation of Black students in medical schools in Canada and identify barriers in selection processes, we compare data from the latest Canadian census to that of an exit-survey conducted after a situational judgment test (Casper) among medical school applicants and from questionnaires done after selection interviews in Quebec, Canada. The proportion of Black people aged 15-34 years old in Quebec in 2016 was 5.3% province-wide and 8.2% in the Montreal metropolitan area. The proportion in the applicant pool for 2020 in Quebec was estimated to be 4.5% based on Casper exit-survey data. Comparatively, it is estimated that Black people represented 1.8% of applicants invited to admission interviews and 1.2% of admitted students in Quebec in 2019. Although data from different cohorts and data sources do not allow for direct comparisons, these numbers suggest that Black students applying to medical school are disproportionately rejected at the first step compared to non-Black students. Longitudinal data collection among medical school applicants will be necessary to monitor the situation. Further studies are required to pinpoint the factors contributing to this underrepresentation, to keep improving the equity of our selection processes.
Keywords	Education (General) ; L7-991 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Canadian Medical Education Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Linoleic acid supplementation of cell culture media influences the phospholipid and lipid profiles of human reconstructed adipose tissue.

Marie-Ève Ouellette / Jean-Christophe Bérubé / Jean-Michel Bourget / Maud Vallée / Yohan Bossé / Julie Fradette

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e

2019 Volume 0224228

Abstract	Reconstructed human adipose tissues represent novel tools available to perform in vitro pharmaco-toxicological studies. We used adipose-derived human stromal/stem cells to reconstruct, using tissue engineering techniques, such an adipose tridimensional model. To determine to what extent the in vitro model is representative of its native counterpart, adipogenic differentiation, triglycerides accumulation and phospholipids profiles were analysed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software revealed pathways enriched with differentially-expressed genes between native and reconstructed human adipose tissues. Interestingly, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were downregulated in vitro, which could be explained in part by the insufficient amount of essential fatty acids provided by the fetal calf serum used for the culture. Indeed, the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues indicated a particular lack of linoleic acid, which could interfere with physiological cell processes such as membrane trafficking, signaling and inflammatory responses. Supplementation in the culture medium was able to influence the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues. This study demonstrates the possibility to directly modulate the phospholipid profile of reconstructed human adipose tissues. This reinforces its use as a relevant physiological or pathological model for further pharmacological and metabolic studies of human adipose tissue functions.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Micropatterning of endothelial cells to create a capillary-like network with defined architecture by laser-assisted bioprinting.

Kérourédan, Olivia / Bourget, Jean-Michel / Rémy, Murielle / Crauste-Manciet, Sylvie / Kalisky, Jérôme / Catros, Sylvain / Thébaud, Noëlie B / Devillard, Raphaël

Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine

2019 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 28

Abstract: Development of a microvasculature into tissue-engineered bone substitutes represents a current challenge. Seeding of endothelial cells in an appropriate environment can give rise to a capillary-like network to enhance prevascularization of bone ... ...

Abstract	Development of a microvasculature into tissue-engineered bone substitutes represents a current challenge. Seeding of endothelial cells in an appropriate environment can give rise to a capillary-like network to enhance prevascularization of bone substitutes. Advances in biofabrication techniques, such as bioprinting, could allow to precisely define a pattern of endothelial cells onto a biomaterial suitable for in vivo applications. The aim of this study was to produce a microvascular network following a defined pattern and preserve it while preparing the surface to print another layer of endothelial cells. We first optimise the bioink cell concentration and laser printing parameters and then develop a method to allow endothelial cells to survive between two collagen layers. Laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) was used to pattern lines of tdTomato-labeled endothelial cells cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto a collagen hydrogel. Formation of capillary-like structures was dependent on a sufficient local density of endothelial cells. Overlay of the pattern with collagen I hydrogel containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) allowed capillary-like structures formation and preservation of the printed pattern over time. Results indicate that laser-assisted bioprinting is a valuable technique to pre-organize endothelial cells into high cell density pattern in order to create a vascular network with defined architecture in tissue-engineered constructs based on collagen hydrogel.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bioprinting ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen/chemistry ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Hydrogels/chemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Lasers ; Mice ; Molar ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials ; Hydrogels ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1031752-1
ISSN	1573-4838 ; 0957-4530
ISSN (online)	1573-4838
ISSN	0957-4530
DOI	10.1007/s10856-019-6230-1
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of rating scale interval values used in multiple mini-interviews: a mixed methods study.

Bégin, Philippe / Gagnon, Robert / Leduc, Jean-Michel / Paradis, Béatrice / Renaud, Jean-Sébastien / Beauchamp, Jacinthe / Rioux, Richard / Carrier, Marie-Pier / Hudon, Claire / Vautour, Marc / Ouellet, Annie / Bourget, Martine / Bourdy, Christian

Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice

2020 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–51

Abstract: When determining the score given to candidates in multiple mini-interview (MMI) stations, raters have to translate a narrative judgment to an ordinal rating scale. When adding individual scores to calculate final ranking, it is generally presumed that ... ...

Abstract	When determining the score given to candidates in multiple mini-interview (MMI) stations, raters have to translate a narrative judgment to an ordinal rating scale. When adding individual scores to calculate final ranking, it is generally presumed that the values of possible scores on the evaluation grid are separated by constant intervals, following a linear function, although this assumption is seldom validated with raters themselves. Inaccurate interval values could lead to systemic bias that could potentially distort candidates' final cumulative scores. The aim of this study was to establish rating scale values based on rater's intent, to validate these with an independent quantitative method, to explore their impact on final score, and to appraise their meaning according to experienced MMI interviewers. A 4-round consensus-group exercise was independently conducted with 42 MMI interviewers who were asked to determine relative values for the 6-point rating scale (from A to F) used in the Canadian integrated French MMI (IFMMI). In parallel, relative values were also calculated for each option of the scale by comparing the average scores concurrently given to the same individual in other stations every time that option was selected during three consecutive IFMMI years. Data from the same three cohorts was used to simulate the impact of using new score values on final rankings. Comments from the consensus group exercise were reviewed independently by two authors to explore raters' rationale for choosing specific values. Relative to the maximum (A = 100%) and minimum (F = 0%), experienced raters concluded to values of 86.7% (95% CI 86.3-87.1), 69.5% (68.9-70.1), 51.2% (50.6-51.8), and 29.3% (28.1-30.5), for scores of B, C, D and E respectively. The concurrent score approach was based on 43,412 IFMMI stations performed by 4345 medical school applicants. It provided quasi-identical values of 87.1% (82.4-91.5), 70.4% (66.1-74.7), 51.2% (47.1-55.3) and 31.8% (27.9-35.7), respectively. Qualitative analysis explained that while high scores are usually based on minor details of relatively low importance, low scores are usually attributed for more serious offenses and were assumed by the raters to carry more weight in the final score. Individual drop or increase in final MMI ranking with the use of new scale values ranged from - 21 to + 5 percentiles, with the average candidate changing by ± 1.4 percentiles. Consulting with experienced interviewers is a simple and effective approach to establish rating scale values that truly reflects raters' intent in MMI, thus improving the accuracy of the instrument and contributing to the general fairness of the process.
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic/standards ; Male ; Observer Variation ; Reproducibility of Results ; School Admission Criteria ; Schools, Medical/organization & administration ; Schools, Medical/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1352832-4
ISSN	1573-1677 ; 1382-4996
ISSN (online)	1573-1677
ISSN	1382-4996
DOI	10.1007/s10459-020-09970-1
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Article ; Online: Understanding the process of corneal endothelial morphological change in vitro.

Roy, Olivier / Leclerc, Véronique Beaulieu / Bourget, Jean-Michel / Thériault, Mathieu / Proulx, Stéphanie

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2015 Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 1228–1237

Abstract: Corneal endothelial cells often adopt a fibroblastic-like morphology in culture, a process that has been attributed to epithelial- or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT or EndMT). Although being extensively studied in other cell types, this ... ...

Abstract	Corneal endothelial cells often adopt a fibroblastic-like morphology in culture, a process that has been attributed to epithelial- or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT or EndMT). Although being extensively studied in other cell types, this transition is less well characterized in the corneal endothelium. Because of their neuroectodermal origin and their in vivo mitotic arrest, corneal endothelial cells represent a particular tissue that deserves more attention. This review article presents the basic principles underlying EMT/EndMT, with emphasis on the current knowledge regarding the corneal endothelium. Furthermore, this review discusses cell culture conditions and major cell signaling pathways that have been identified as EndMT-triggering factors. Finally, it summarizes strategies that have been developed to inhibit EndMT in corneal endothelial cell culture. The review of current studies on corneal and classical EndMT highlights some research avenues to pursue in the future and underscores the need to extend our knowledge of this process in order to optimize usage of these cells in regenerative medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Shape ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Corneal/cytology ; Humans ; Regeneration/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.14-16166
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Article ; Online: Potential of Newborn and Adult Stem Cells for the Production of Vascular Constructs Using the Living Tissue Sheet Approach.

Bourget, Jean-Michel / Gauvin, Robert / Duchesneau, David / Remy, Murielle / Auger, François A / Germain, Lucie

BioMed research international

2015 Volume 2015, Page(s) 168294

Abstract: Bypass surgeries using native vessels rely on the availability of autologous veins and arteries. An alternative to those vessels could be tissue-engineered vascular constructs made by self-organized tissue sheets. This paper intends to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Bypass surgeries using native vessels rely on the availability of autologous veins and arteries. An alternative to those vessels could be tissue-engineered vascular constructs made by self-organized tissue sheets. This paper intends to evaluate the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from two different sources: (1) bone marrow-derived MSCs and (2) umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs. When cultured in vitro, a proportion of those cells differentiated into smooth muscle cell- (SMC-) like cells and expressed contraction associated proteins. Moreover, these cells assembled into manipulable tissue sheets when cultured in presence of ascorbic acid. Tubular vessels were then produced by rolling those tissue sheets on a mandrel. The architecture, contractility, and mechanical resistance of reconstructed vessels were compared with tissue-engineered media and adventitia produced from SMCs and dermal fibroblasts, respectively. Histology revealed a collagenous extracellular matrix and the contractile responses measured for these vessels were stronger than dermal fibroblasts derived constructs although weaker than SMCs-derived constructs. The burst pressure of bone marrow-derived vessels was higher than SMCs-derived ones. These results reinforce the versatility of the self-organization approach since they demonstrate that it is possible to recapitulate a contractile media layer from MSCs without the need of exogenous scaffolding material.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adult Stem Cells/cytology ; Adult Stem Cells/physiology ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessels/cytology ; Blood Vessels/growth & development ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/instrumentation ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/instrumentation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Prosthesis Design ; Stem Cell Transplantation/instrumentation ; Tissue Engineering/instrumentation ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2015/168294
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