Article: Potential role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in COVID-19 pandemic mortality: Epidemiological and Immunological aspects.
Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology
2020 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 150–161
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 had already killed more than 400,000 patients around the world according to data on 7 June 2020. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is developed from live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis, which is a microorganism found in a cow. Discovered ... ...
| Abstract | SARS-CoV-2 had already killed more than 400,000 patients around the world according to data on 7 June 2020. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is developed from live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis, which is a microorganism found in a cow. Discovered by Dr. Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin since 1921, the BCG has served as a protection against tuberculosis and its complications. It is noticeable that countries which use mandatory BCG vaccination approach had lower COVID-19 infection and death rate. Current review aims to clarify this issue through epidemiological illustration of correlation between national BCG immunization and COVID-19 mortality, in addition to biological background of BCG-induced immunity Epidemiological data shows that universal BCG policy countries have lower median mortality rate compare to countries with past universal BCG policy and non-mass immunization BCG. (18 May 2020). Still, the links between BCG vaccination and better COVID-19 situation in certain countries are unclear, and more data on actual infection rate using SAR-CoV-2 antibody testing in large population sample is crucial for disease spreading comparison. Two immunological mechanisms, heterologous effects of adaptive immunity and trained innate immunity which induced by BCG vaccination, may explain host tolerance against COVID-19 infection, however, there is no direct evidence to support this biological background. Clinical trials related to BCG vaccination against COVID-19 are under investigation. Without a strong evidence, BCG must not be recommended for COVID-19 prevention, although, this should not be absolute contraindication. Risk of local and systemic complications from the vaccine should be informed to individual, who request BCG immunization. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adaptive Immunity ; BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage ; BCG Vaccine/adverse effects ; BCG Vaccine/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cause of Death ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/adverse effects ; Viral Vaccines/immunology |
| Chemical Substances | BCG Vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-08-10 |
| Publishing country | Thailand |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 605782-2 |
| ISSN | 2228-8694 ; 0125-877X |
| ISSN (online) | 2228-8694 |
| ISSN | 0125-877X |
| DOI | 10.12932/AP-310520-0863 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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