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Article ; Online: Changing Relationships between Water Content and Spectral Features in Moso Bamboo Leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao Stress

Xu, Zhanghua / Li, Bin / Yu, Hui / Zhang, Huafeng / Guo, Xiaoyu / Li, Zenglu / Wang, Lin / Liu, Zhicai / Li, Yifan / He, Anqi / Huang, Xuying

Forests. 2023 Mar. 29, v. 14, no. 4

2023

Abstract: ... phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and their changes. The results showed that: (1) the LWC showed a decreasing ...

Abstract	Leaf water content (LWC) is very important in the growth of vegetation. LWC and leaf spectra change when the leaves are under pest stress; exploring the change mechanism between LWC, leaf spectra, and pest stress can lay the foundation for pest detection. In this study, we measured the LWC and leaf spectra of moso bamboo leaves under different damage levels, used the Pearson–Lasso method to screen the features, and established a multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest regression (RFR) model to estimate the LWC. We analyzed the relationship between LWC and spectral features of moso bamboo leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and their changes. The results showed that: (1) the LWC showed a decreasing trend as the pest level increased. (2) The spectra changed substantially when the leaves were under pest stress. (3) The number and significance of response features associated with the LWC were diverse under different damage levels. (4) The estimation of LWC under different damage levels differed significantly. LWC, leaf spectra, response features, and the model estimation effect were diverse under different damage levels. The correlation between LWC and features was higher for healthy leaves than for damaged and off-year leaves. The two models were more effective in estimating the LWC of healthy leaves but less effective for damaged and off-year leaves. This study provides theoretical support for the prediction of PPC stress and lays the foundation for remote sensing monitoring.
Keywords	Phyllostachys edulis ; algorithms ; leaves ; pests ; regression analysis ; vegetation ; water content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0329
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14040702
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: UV-Vis Spectrum Characteristics of Phycocyanin Purification in Water from Chao Lake.

Zhang, Fa-yu / Yu, Jin-wei / Zhang, Liu / Sheng, Jing-meng / Yuan, Meng-yuan / Lu, Yi-nan / Wang, Jia-quan

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu

2018 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 806–810

Abstract: Fresh blue algal from Chao Lake was used in this study. The crude extracts of phycocyanin were ...

Abstract	Fresh blue algal from Chao Lake was used in this study. The crude extracts of phycocyanin were obtained with freeze-thaw method. The purification of phycocyanin was performed by combining two-step salt precipitation and two-step column chromatography. The reagent grade phycocyanin was achieved. Phycocyanin and impurity solution were obtained respectively in various stages subjected to the UV-Vis absorption spectrum scanning. With the development of the four-step purification process, the absorption peak of phycocyanin solution was redshifted from 260 to 280 nm in the wavelength range from 250 to 300 nm, and the maximum absorption peak of phycocyanin was redshifted from 617 to 620 nm in the wavelength range from 500nm to 700 nm. In the wavelength range from 250 to 700 nm, it showed that the impurity solution mainly contained impurity proteins and part of the phycocyanin in the first salting out, and mainly contained nucleic acids and vitamins substance in the second salting out. The first outflow components mainly contained phycoerythrin separated by the first column chromatography. The last outflow components mainly contained allophycocyanin separated by the second column chromatography. After the four-step purification process, the final purity of phycocyanin (A620/A280) is greater than 4,which met the standard of reagent grade．Thus it can be seen that two-step salt precipitation had a main function which was to remove impurity proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins substance, and two-step column chromatography main function was to remove phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin which were similar to phycocyanin.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Lakes ; Microalgae ; Phycocyanin/chemistry ; Phycocyanin/isolation & purification ; Water ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1000-0593
ISSN	1000-0593
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Article ; Online: Metabolomic analysis reveals a protective effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao herbal granules on oxalate-induced kidney injury.

Chen, Wei / Liu, Wen-Rui / Hou, Jie-Bin / Ding, Jia-Rong / Peng, Zhong-Jiang / Gao, Song-Yan / Dong, Xin / Ma, Jun-Hua / Lin, Qi-Shan / Lu, Jian-Rao / Guo, Zhi-Yong

Bioscience reports

2019 Volume 39, Issue 2

Abstract: ... of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is ...

Abstract	Nephrolithiasis is one of the world's major public health burdens with a high incidence and a risk of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is commonly used in treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney stone has still been a mystery. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney injury and identify unique metabolomics patterns using a mouse model of kidney stone induced by a calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition. Von Kossa staining and immuno-histopathological staining of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and calbindin-D28k were conducted on renal sections. Biochemical analysis was performed on serum, urine, and kidney tissues. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole-TOF-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for serum metabolic profiling. The immunohistopathological and biochemical analysis showed the therapeutic benefits of FFJQC. The expression levels of OPN and CD44 were decreased while calbindin-D28k increased after the CaOx injured mice were treated with FFJQC. In addition, total of 81 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with protective effects of FFJQC on CaOx crystal injured mice. Most of these metabolites were involved in purine, amino acid, membrane lipid and energy metabolism. Potential metabolite biomarkers were found for CaOx crystal-induced renal damage. Potential metabolite biomarkers of CaOx crystal-induced renal damage were found. FFJQC shows therapeutic benefits on CaOx crystal injured mice via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acids, purine, pyrimidine, glycerolipid, arachidonic acid (AA), sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and fatty acid.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Oxalate/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/pathology ; Male ; Metabolome/drug effects ; Metabolomics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protective Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Protective Agents ; Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	764946-0
ISSN	1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
ISSN (online)	1573-4935
ISSN	0144-8463
DOI	10.1042/BSR20181833
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Article ; Online: Response by Chao et al to Letters Regarding Article, "Use of Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have a History of Intracranial Hemorrhage".

Chao, Tze-Fan / Liu, Chia-Jen / Liao, Jo-Nan / Wang, Kang-Ling / Lin, Yenn-Jiang / Chang, Shih-Lin / Lo, Li-Wei / Hu, Yu-Feng / Tuan, Ta-Chuan / Chung, Fa-Po / Chen, Tzeng-Ji / Lip, Gregory Y H / Chen, Shih-Ann

Circulation

2016 Volume 134, Issue 11, Page(s) e230–1

MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Warfarin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024174
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of dengue and the effect of seasonal climate variation on its dynamics: a spatio-temporal descriptive analysis in the Chao-Shan area on China's southeastern coast.

Zhang, Qin / Chen, Yuliang / Fu, Yu / Liu, Tao / Zhang, Qingying / Guo, Pi / Ma, Wenjun

BMJ open

2019 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e024197

Abstract: ... are poorly understood in Chao-Shan area, one of the most densely populated regions on China's ... temporal descriptive analysis was performed in three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao ... Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during 2014-2017 were extracted. Data ...

Abstract	Objective: Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus infection that remains rampant across the tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue transmission are poorly understood in Chao-Shan area, one of the most densely populated regions on China's southeastern coast, limiting disease control efforts. We aimed to characterise the epidemiology of dengue and assessed the effect of seasonal climate variation on its dynamics in the area. Design: A spatio-temporal descriptive analysis was performed in three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during the period of 2014-2017. Setting: Data of dengue cases of three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during 2014-2017 were extracted. Data for climatic variables including mean temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were also compiled. Methodology: The epidemiology and dynamics of dengue were initially depicted, and then the temporal dynamics related to climatic drivers was assessed by a wavelet analysis method. Furthermore, a generalised additive model for location, scale and shape model was performed to study the relationship between seasonal dynamics of dengue and climatic drivers. Results: Among the cities, the number of notified dengue cases in Chaozhou was greatest, accounting for 78.3%. The median age for the notified cases was 43 years (IQR: 27.0-58.0 years). Two main regions located in Xixin and Chengxi streets of Chaozhou with a high risk of infection were observed, indicating that there was substantial spatial heterogeneity in intensity. We found an annual peak incidence occurred in autumn across the region, most markedly in 2015. This study reveals that periods of elevated temperatures can drive the occurrence of dengue epidemics across the region, and the risk of transmission is highest when the temperature is between 25°C and 28°C. Conclusion: Our study contributes to a better understanding of dengue dynamics in Chao-Shan area.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; China/epidemiology ; Climate ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Dengue/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024197
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Article: Spatial and temporal variability of sedimentary nutrients in relation to regional development in the urbanizing lower Chao Phraya watersheds of Thailand

Xue, Wenchao / Lhaetee, Husna / Yu, Shen / Jenkhetkan, Thitima / Hong, Bing / Liu, Xun / Chen, Peiji / Namngam, Natchaya / Tabucanon, Allan Sriratana

Journal of soils and sediments. 2020 Nov., v. 20, no. 11

2020

Abstract: ... nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) was conducted covering the lower Chao Phraya watershed in Thailand ... and Chao Phraya) of the lower Chao Phraya watershed in 2017. Various nutrient species (total nitrogen ... DISCUSSION: Results identified spatial hot spot in downstream sections of Thachin and Chao Phraya ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: Excess nutrients pose profound aquatic environmental impacts besides well-known essential elements for cropping. The enrichment of excess nutrients in riverine systems requires more investigation for various scenarios under different culture and governance regimes in the world. A survey on sedimentary nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) was conducted covering the lower Chao Phraya watershed in Thailand to explore their spatial and temporal patterns under various anthropogenic influences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surface sediment and sediment core samples were collected from three subwatersheds (i.e., Pasak, Thachin, and Chao Phraya) of the lower Chao Phraya watershed in 2017. Various nutrient species (total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate phosphorus) were analyzed. The sediment cores were dated using a computerized multichannel gamma spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentary nutrients, and to interpret their correlations with catchment land use pattern and socioeconomic development, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results identified spatial hot spot in downstream sections of Thachin and Chao Phraya subwatersheds and temporal hot moment between 1990 and 2000 for the three subwatersheds and an extra hot moment of 1960s for Chao Phraya subwatershed. Both spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentary nutrients were due to a shift from agriculture to urban land uses in the catchments. The catchment land use pattern explained approximate 33% spatial variation of sedimentary nutrient loadings with the top contributions of urban land use and water surface ratios in the studied watershed. With Thailand’s rapid industrialization, the nutrient sedimentation flux showed a temporal change in response to socioeconomic development with a turning point in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that anthropogenic sources strongly influence sedimentary nutrient loadings following an order of urbanization > aquaculture > agriculture. Catchment land use pattern and socioeconomic development are efficient indicators to explain the variations of riverine environmental quality, both spatially and temporally.
Keywords	ammonium nitrogen ; aquaculture ; environmental quality ; gamma spectrometry ; governance ; industrialization ; land use ; nitrate nitrogen ; nitrogen ; phosphate phosphorus ; riparian areas ; sediments ; socioeconomic development ; subwatersheds ; surveys ; temporal variation ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; urbanization ; Thailand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Size	p. 4042-4054.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2050898-0
ISSN	1614-7480 ; 1439-0108
ISSN (online)	1614-7480
ISSN	1439-0108
DOI	10.1007/s11368-020-02739-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Distribution and ecological risk of substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters of the Bai, Chao, and Chaobai rivers in northern China.

Qiao, Meng / Fu, Lujing / Li, Zhuorong / Liu, Dongqing / Bai, Yaohui / Zhao, Xu

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2019 Volume 257, Page(s) 113600

Abstract: Like their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs), including methyl PAHs (MPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), exist ubiquitously in urban and agricultural rivers. ... ...

Abstract	Like their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs), including methyl PAHs (MPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), exist ubiquitously in urban and agricultural rivers. Although laboratory studies have found the biological toxicities of certain SPAHs to be higher than that of their parent PAHs, the ecological risk of SPAHs in rivers has been largely ignored. Here, we studied the distribution, source and transport of PAHs and SPAHs as well as ecological risks in the Chaobai River System, which experiences a high level of anthropogenic activity. The results show that the concentration of ΣOPAHs (321 ± 651 ng/L) was higher than that of ΣPAHs (158 ± 105 ng/L), ΣMPAHs (28 ± 22 ng/L), and ΣClPAHs (30 ± 12 ng/L). We also found that (S)PAHs in Chaobai River mainly originated from Beiyun River (53%-65%), which receives considerable municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent from Beijing. The major transport pathway of (S)PAHs from Chaobai River was likely for irrigation (83%-86%) and transportation into Yongdingxin River (13%-16%), which finally merged into the Bohai Sea. The mixed chronic risk of (S)PAHs (risk quotient = 45 ± 53) was higher than the mixed acute risk (risk quotient = 1.9 ± 1.4), with all sites facing chronic risk and 90% of sites experiencing acute risk. Although the chronic and acute risks of (S)PAHs to plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates were mainly from PAHs (97.5% to chronic risk and 96.5% to acute), SPAHs still posed a chronic risk to invertebrates and vertebrates (risk quotient > 1). Accordingly, the ecological risk of (S)PAHs in Chaobai River should be taken into consideration for ecosystem protection. The transmission of PAHs and SPAHs from Chaobai River may also pose potential risks to farmland through irrigation, as well as to the Bohai Sea via river water discharge.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Rivers/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113600
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Zs.A 2599: Show issues

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Article ; Online: DOFT and DOFTIP1 affect reproductive development in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile.

Wang, Yanwen / Liu, Lu / Song, Shiyong / Li, Yan / Shen, Lisha / Yu, Hao

Journal of experimental botany

2017 Volume 68, Issue 21-22, Page(s) 5759–5772

Abstract: ... flowering in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. Expression of DOFT and DOFTIP1 increases in whole ...

Abstract	FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis encodes the florigen that moves from leaves to the shoot apical meristem to induce flowering, and this is partly mediated by FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (FTIP1). Although FT orthologs have been identified in some flowering plants, their endogenous roles in Orchidaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants, are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that DOFT and DOFTIP1, the orchid orthologs of FT and FTIP1, respectively, play important roles in promoting flowering in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. Expression of DOFT and DOFTIP1 increases in whole plantlets during the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Both transcripts are present in significant levels in reproductive organs, including inflorescence apices, stems, floral buds, and open flowers. Through successful generation of transgenic orchids, we have revealed that overexpression or down-regulation of DOFT accelerates or delays flowering, respectively, while alteration of DOFT expression also greatly affects pseudobulb formation and flower development. In common with their counterparts in Arabidopsis and rice, DOFTIP1 interacts with DOFT and affects flowering time in orchids. Our results suggest that while DOFT and DOFTIP1 play evolutionarily conserved roles in promoting flowering, DOFT may have evolved with hitherto unknown functions pertaining to the regulation of storage organs and flower development in the Orchidaceae family.
MeSH term(s)	Dendrobium/genetics ; Dendrobium/physiology ; Florigen/metabolism ; Flowers/genetics ; Flowers/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Florigen ; Membrane Proteins ; Plant Proteins ; Transcription Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2976-2
ISSN	1460-2431 ; 0022-0957
ISSN (online)	1460-2431
ISSN	0022-0957
DOI	10.1093/jxb/erx400
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Article: Duality of Seasonal Effect and River Bend in Relation to Water Quality in the Chao Phraya River

Huang, Guangwei / Ekkawatpanit, Chaiwat / Liu, Huan / Sukhapunnapha, Thada / Xue, Han

Water. 2019 Mar. 29, v. 11, no. 4

2019

Abstract: The present study conducted a field survey of water quality along the Chao Phraya River during ...

Abstract	The present study conducted a field survey of water quality along the Chao Phraya River during the past three years. The main objective was to better understand the spatial–temporal variations in water quality in relation to season and channel morphology. It assessed the water quality in terms of chemical parameters, bacteria, and phytoplankton. The results revealed a duality of seasonal effect for nutrients. The rainy season degraded the water quality by increasing the nutrient concentration in the waterway in the beginning, but cleaned it up by dilution in the end. However, this duality did not apply to Escherichia coli (E. coli), for which the highest level occurred during the second half of the rainy season and a sag curve variation pattern was displayed along the mainstream. Another duality found by this study is that there was no statistically significant difference in water quality in terms of chemical parameters between a river bend and the straight channel shortcutting the bend, but significant differences in the level of E. coli and the phytoplankton community structure were observed between the two. Of particular note, the present study revealed a coexistence of a saproxenous species (algae found in clean water) with a harmful species in the bend river reach.
Keywords	algae ; bacteria ; community structure ; Escherichia coli ; nutrient content ; nutrients ; phytoplankton ; rivers ; seasonal variation ; surveys ; water quality ; wet season
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0329
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w11040656
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Article: Distribution and ecological risk of substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters of the Bai, Chao, and Chaobai rivers in northern China

Qiao, Meng / Fu, Lujing / Li, Zhuorong / Liu, Dongqing / Bai, Yaohui / Zhao, Xu

Environmental pollution. 2020 Feb., v. 257

2020

Abstract	Like their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs), including methyl PAHs (MPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), exist ubiquitously in urban and agricultural rivers. Although laboratory studies have found the biological toxicities of certain SPAHs to be higher than that of their parent PAHs, the ecological risk of SPAHs in rivers has been largely ignored. Here, we studied the distribution, source and transport of PAHs and SPAHs as well as ecological risks in the Chaobai River System, which experiences a high level of anthropogenic activity. The results show that the concentration of ΣOPAHs (321 ± 651 ng/L) was higher than that of ΣPAHs (158 ± 105 ng/L), ΣMPAHs (28 ± 22 ng/L), and ΣClPAHs (30 ± 12 ng/L). We also found that (S)PAHs in Chaobai River mainly originated from Beiyun River (53%–65%), which receives considerable municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent from Beijing. The major transport pathway of (S)PAHs from Chaobai River was likely for irrigation (83%–86%) and transportation into Yongdingxin River (13%–16%), which finally merged into the Bohai Sea. The mixed chronic risk of (S)PAHs (risk quotient = 45 ± 53) was higher than the mixed acute risk (risk quotient = 1.9 ± 1.4), with all sites facing chronic risk and 90% of sites experiencing acute risk. Although the chronic and acute risks of (S)PAHs to plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates were mainly from PAHs (97.5% to chronic risk and 96.5% to acute), SPAHs still posed a chronic risk to invertebrates and vertebrates (risk quotient > 1). Accordingly, the ecological risk of (S)PAHs in Chaobai River should be taken into consideration for ecosystem protection. The transmission of PAHs and SPAHs from Chaobai River may also pose potential risks to farmland through irrigation, as well as to the Bohai Sea via river water discharge.
Keywords	agricultural land ; anthropogenic activities ; ecosystems ; invertebrates ; irrigation ; municipal wastewater ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; relative risk ; river water ; rivers ; spatial distribution ; surface water ; vertebrates ; wastewater treatment ; water pollution ; China ; Yellow Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113600
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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