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  1. Article ; Online: N95 respirator hybrid decontamination method using Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) coupled with Microwave-Generated Steam (MGS).

    Gopalan, Thirumaaran / Muhamad, Mohd Ridha / Wai Hoe, Victor Chee / Hassandarvish, Pouya

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0296871

    Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a critical supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) especially N95 respirators. Utilizing respirator decontamination procedures to reduce the pathogen load of a contaminated N95 respirator ...

    Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a critical supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) especially N95 respirators. Utilizing respirator decontamination procedures to reduce the pathogen load of a contaminated N95 respirator can be a viable solution for reuse purposes. In this study, the efficiency of a novel hybrid respirator decontamination method of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) which utilizes ultraviolet-C (UV-C) rays coupled with microwave-generated steam (MGS) against feline coronavirus (FCoV) was evaluated. The contaminated 3M 1860 respirator pieces were treated with three treatments (UVGI-only, MGS-only, and Hybrid-UVGI + MGS) with variable time. The virucidal activity was evaluated using the TCID50 method. The comparison of decontamination efficiency of the treatments indicated that the hybrid method achieved at least a pathogen log reduction of 4 logs, faster than MGS and UVGI. These data recommend that the proposed hybrid decontamination system is more effective comparatively in achieving pathogen log reduction of 4 logs.
    MeSH term(s) N95 Respirators ; Steam ; Microwaves ; Decontamination/methods ; Equipment Reuse ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Pandemics
    Chemical Substances Steam
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0296871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections.

    Lani, Rafidah / Thariq, Ilya Maisarah / Suhaimi, Nuramira Syazreen / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Abu Bakar, Sazaly

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 2306675

    Abstract: Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and ...

    Abstract Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. Significantly, TLRs commonly implicated in the immune response against viral infections include TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8; limiting or allowing them to replicate and spread within the host. Modulating TLRs has emerged as a promising approach to combat arbovirus infections. This review summarizes recent advances in TLR modulation as a therapeutic target in arbovirus infections. Studies have shown that the activation of TLRs can enhance the immune response against arbovirus infections, leading to increased viral clearance and protection against disease. Conversely, inhibition of TLRs can reduce the excessive inflammation and tissue damage associated with arbovirus infection. Modulating TLRs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to combat arbovirus infections.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Arbovirus Infections ; Disease Outbreaks ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Chemical Substances Toll-Like Receptors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306675
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of dengue and chikungunya viruses among urban refugees in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

    Sahimin, Norhidayu / Low, Zhao Xuan / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Mohd Hanapi, Izzah Ruzana / Mohd Zain, Siti Nursheena / Yahaya, Hasmawati / Abu Bakar, Sazaly

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    2024  Volume 118, Issue 5, Page(s) 328–335

    Abstract: ... 9.2% [CI 6.77 to 12.25], respectively) were observed among refugees >18 years of age (χ22=11.720, p ... 0.003), Kachin ethnicity (χ28=72.253, p<0.001), without formal education (χ21=3.856, p=0.050), homes ... near waste disposal sites (χ21=10.378, p=0.001) and refugees who have experienced flooding (χ21=5.460 ...

    Abstract Background: Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, with Malaysia's Klang Valley experiencing numerous outbreaks in densely populated urban areas.
    Methods: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-dengue and anti-chikungunya antibodies among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and identify associated risk factors.
    Results: High seroprevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM (60.0% [confidence interval {CI} 55.39 to 64.48] and 9.2% [CI 6.77 to 12.25], respectively) were observed among refugees >18 years of age (χ22=11.720, p=0.003), Kachin ethnicity (χ28=72.253, p<0.001), without formal education (χ21=3.856, p=0.050), homes near waste disposal sites (χ21=10.378, p=0.001) and refugees who have experienced flooding (χ21=5.460, p=0.019). Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of anti-chikungunya IgG and IgM was 9.7% (CI 7.15 to 12.73) and 10.8% (CI 8.09 to 13.93), respectively, with ages 12-18 years (χ22=6.075, p=0.048), Rohingya ethnicity (χ28=31.631, p<0.001) and homes close to waste disposal sites (χ21=3.912, p=0.048) being significant risk factors. Results showed a link to poor environmental living conditions, with an increase in the vector population with higher availability of breeding sites and thus exposure to dengue and chikungunya virus.
    Conclusions: Health education among the community is the key to disease prevention, as there are no specific antiviral drugs for treatment and limited vaccine availability.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Dengue/immunology ; Dengue/blood ; Male ; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology ; Chikungunya Fever/blood ; Chikungunya Fever/immunology ; Female ; Adult ; Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Child ; Chikungunya virus/immunology ; Young Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Middle Aged ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Dengue Virus/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Urban Population
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 441375-1
    ISSN 1878-3503 ; 0035-9203
    ISSN (online) 1878-3503
    ISSN 0035-9203
    DOI 10.1093/trstmh/trad097
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes and Population HLA Types Is Important in the Design of COVID-19 Vaccines.

    Lani, Rafidah / Senin, Nurul Aqidah / AbuBakar, Sazaly / Hassandarvish, Pouya

    Vaccines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 10

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive loss of lives and economic hardship. In response, infectious disease experts and vaccine developers promptly responded by bringing forth candidate vaccines, some of which have been listed in the World Health ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive loss of lives and economic hardship. In response, infectious disease experts and vaccine developers promptly responded by bringing forth candidate vaccines, some of which have been listed in the World Health Organization's Emergency Use Listing. Notwithstanding the diverse worldwide population genetics, the vaccines thus far developed are generic in nature for use worldwide. Differences in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in different populations, variation of the T cell epitopes, and the propensity of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations left room for improvement of the vaccines. Here, we discussed the implications of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection by taking into consideration SARS-CoV-2 mutations, T cell epitopes, risk factors, and current platforms of candidate vaccines based on the HLA types that are commonly present in Peninsular Malaysia Chinese, Indian, and Malay populations. The HLA types associated with protection against and susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified based on reported case-control and cohort studies. The relevance of including the non-spike SARS-CoV-2 proteins in the future COVID-19 vaccines is also highlighted. This review is meant to trigger researchers to acknowledge the importance of investigating the possible relationships between the HLA haplotype and the SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in different populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines10101606
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Gene expression profiling of host lipid metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a systematic review and integrated bioinformatics analysis.

    Munawar, Wan Amirul Syazwan Wan Ahmad / Elias, Marjanu Hikmah / Addnan, Faizul Helmi / Hassandarvish, Pouya / AbuBakar, Sazaly / Roslan, Nuruliza

    BMC infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 124

    Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurred due to the dispersion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe symptoms can be observed in COVID-19 patients with lipid-related comorbidities such as ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurred due to the dispersion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe symptoms can be observed in COVID-19 patients with lipid-related comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. Yet, the extensive molecular mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 causes dysregulation of lipid metabolism remain unknown.
    Methods: Here, an advanced search of articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science databases using terms from Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) like SARS-CoV-2, lipid metabolism and transcriptomic as the keywords. From 428 retrieved studies, only clinical studies using next-generation sequencing as a gene expression method in COVID-19 patients were accepted. Study design, study population, sample type, the method for gene expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from the five included studies. The DEGs obtained from the studies were pooled and analyzed using the bioinformatics software package, DAVID, to determine the enriched pathways. The DEGs involved in lipid metabolic pathways were selected and further analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape through visualization by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network complex.
    Results: The analysis identified nine remarkable clusters from the PPI complex, where cluster 1 showed the highest molecular interaction score. Three potential candidate genes (PPARG, IFITM3 and APOBEC3G) were pointed out from the integrated bioinformatics analysis in this systematic review and were chosen due to their significant role in regulating lipid metabolism. These candidate genes were significantly involved in enriched lipid metabolic pathways, mainly in regulating lipid homeostasis affecting the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, specifically in mechanisms of viral entry and viral replication in COVID-19 patients.
    Conclusions: Taken together, our findings in this systematic review highlight the affected lipid-metabolic pathways along with the affected genes upon SARS-CoV-2 invasion, which could be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies study in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Lipid Metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Computational Biology ; Lipids ; Membrane Proteins ; RNA-Binding Proteins
    Chemical Substances Lipids ; IFITM3 protein, human ; Membrane Proteins ; RNA-Binding Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041550-3
    ISSN 1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    ISSN 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-024-08983-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products.

    Low, Zhaoxuan / Lani, Rafidah / Tiong, Vunjia / Poh, Chitlaa / AbuBakar, Sazaly / Hassandarvish, Pouya

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 11

    Abstract: Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of the leading causes of death in 2022. The availability of COVID- ...

    Abstract Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of the leading causes of death in 2022. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies in low-income countries still poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged the dominance of drug repurposing and synthetic compound libraries in COVID-19 therapeutics. Their abundant resources and excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap and readily available alternative for COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, we deliberately review the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of the natural products, their potency (pharmacological profiles), and application strategies for COVID-19 intervention. In light of their advantages, this review is intended to acknowledge the potential of natural products as COVID-19 therapeutic candidates.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Biological Products/pharmacology ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Biological Products ; Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24119589
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Intracellular translocation of HMGB1 is important for Zika virus replication in Huh7 cells.

    Chin, Kim-Ling / Zainal, Nurhafiza / Sam, Sing-Sin / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Lani, Rafidah / AbuBakar, Sazaly

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1054

    Abstract: ... infection (h.p.i). The extracellular HMGB1 level was elevated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI ... extracellular release in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum reduction of 71 ± 5.84% (P < 0.01 ... The treatment also reduced virus titers by over 83 ± 0.50% (P < 0.01). The antiviral effects, however, were not ...

    Abstract Neonatal microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barré syndrome are severe complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The robustly induced inflammatory cytokine expressions in ZIKV-infected patients may constitute a hallmark for severe disease. In the present study, the potential role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ZIKV infection was investigated. HMGB1 protein expression was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot assay. HMGB1's role in ZIKV infection was also explored using treatment with dexamethasone, an immunomodulatory drug, and HMGB1-knockdown (shHMGB1) Huh7 cells. Results showed that the Huh7 cells were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. The infection was found to induce HMGB1 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation, resulting in a > 99% increase in the cytosolic HMGB1 expression at 72-h post-infection (h.p.i). The extracellular HMGB1 level was elevated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. Treatment of the ZIKV-infected cells with dexamethasone (150 µM) reduced HMGB1 extracellular release in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum reduction of 71 ± 5.84% (P < 0.01). The treatment also reduced virus titers by over 83 ± 0.50% (P < 0.01). The antiviral effects, however, were not observed in the dexamethasone-treated shHMGB1 cells. These results suggest that translocation of HMGB1 occurred during ZIKV infection and inhibition of the translocation by dexamethasone coincided with a reduction in ZIKV replication. These findings highlight the potential of targeting the localization of HMGB1 in affecting ZIKV infection.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line, Tumor ; Dexamethasone/metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacokinetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HMGB1 Protein/genetics ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Transport/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Zika Virus/drug effects ; Zika Virus/physiology ; Zika Virus Infection/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances HMGB1 Protein ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-04955-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Chitosan and its derivatives as polymeric anti-viral therapeutics and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomedicine.

    Tan, Rebecca Shu Ling / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Chee, Chin Fei / Chan, Lai Wah / Wong, Tin Wui

    Carbohydrate polymers

    2022  Volume 290, Page(s) 119500

    Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19 has a global impact on the lives and livelihoods of people. It is characterized by a widespread infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where infected patients may develop serious ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19 has a global impact on the lives and livelihoods of people. It is characterized by a widespread infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where infected patients may develop serious medical complications or even face death. Development of therapeutic is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infected patients. Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial in nanomedicine and exhibits anti-microbial, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. This review highlights the progress in chitosan design and application pertaining to the anti-viral effects of chitosan and chitosan derivatives (hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium, sulfate, carboxymethyl, bromine, sialylglycopolymer, peptide and phosphonium conjugates) as a function of molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, type of substituents and their degree and site of substitution. The physicochemical attributes of these polymeric therapeutics are identified against the possibility of processing them into nanomedicine which can confer a higher level of anti-viral efficacy. The designs of chitosan for the purpose of targeting SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ever-evolving strains of viruses with a broad spectrum anti-viral activity to meet pandemic preparedness at the early stages of outbreak are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Humans ; Nanomedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1501516-6
    ISSN 1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
    ISSN (online) 1879-1344
    ISSN 0144-8617
    DOI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119500
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans.

    AbuBakar, Umarqayum / Amrani, Lina / Kamarulzaman, Farah Ayuni / Karsani, Saiful Anuar / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Khairat, Jasmine Elanie

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4

    Abstract: An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in ... ...

    Abstract An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Influenza in Birds ; Influenza A virus/genetics ; Influenza A virus/metabolism ; Influenza, Human ; Birds ; Tropism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15040833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Protein Profiling of

    Tan, Ker Shien / Azman, Adzzie Shazleen / Hassandarvish, Pouya / Amelia-Yap, Zheng Hua / Tan, Tiong Kai / Low, Van Lun

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 15

    Abstract: The insecticidal activity ... ...

    Abstract The insecticidal activity of
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aedes ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Insecticides/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Streptomyces/chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Larva ; Plant Extracts/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Insecticides ; ethyl acetate (76845O8NMZ) ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241512398
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