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Article: The attracting masses in measurements of G: an overview of physical characteristics and performance.

Gillies, G T / Unnikrishnan, C S

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2014 Volume 372, Issue 2026

Abstract: ... for the attracting masses used historically in measurements of the Newtonian gravitational constant G. We present ... apparatuses for measuring G over the past 50 years. We also consider the question of possible systematic ...

Abstract	Simple spheres and cylinders have been the geometries employed most frequently, but not uniquely, for the attracting masses used historically in measurements of the Newtonian gravitational constant G. We present a brief overview of the range of sizes, materials and configurations of the attracting masses found in several representative experimental arrangements. As one particular case in point, we present details of the large tungsten spheres designed originally by Beams, which have been incorporated into several different apparatuses for measuring G over the past 50 years. We also consider the question of possible systematic dependence of the results and their precision on the size of the large masses/mass systems that have been employed to date. We close with some considerations for possible future work.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2014.0022
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Article ; Online: Fluorescence reporting of G-quadruplex structures and modulating their DNAzyme activity using polyethylenimine-pyrene conjugate.

Narayanaswamy, Nagarjun / Unnikrishnan, Manju / Gupta, Mona / Govindaraju, T

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

2015 Volume 25, Issue 11, Page(s) 2395–2400

Abstract: Four-stranded G-quadruplex structure is one of the most important non-canonical secondary ... structures of DNA formed by guanine (G)-rich sequences. G-rich DNA sequences are known to occur ... for the recognition and detection of G-quadruplex structures of G-rich deoxyoligonucleotides and human telomere and ...

Abstract	Four-stranded G-quadruplex structure is one of the most important non-canonical secondary structures of DNA formed by guanine (G)-rich sequences. G-rich DNA sequences are known to occur in the human genome, especially in the telomere 3' end and in oncogene promoters such as c-MYC and c-KIT. In this context, we designed pyrene-conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI-Py) as a fluorescence reporter for the recognition and detection of G-quadruplex structures of G-rich deoxyoligonucleotides and human telomere and gene promoter sequences, under ambient conditions. PEI-Py exhibited prominent pyrene excimer emission in the presence of G-quadruplex structures of G-rich deoxyoligonucleotides and biologically relevant DNA sequences. PEI-Py further displayed the modulation of DNAzyme activity of various G-quadruplex structures in the presence of hemin and hydrogen peroxide.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Catalytic/antagonists & inhibitors ; G-Quadruplexes ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Optical Imaging ; Polyethyleneimine/chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine/pharmacology ; Pyrenes/chemistry ; Pyrenes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Catalytic ; Pyrenes ; Polyethyleneimine (9002-98-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1063195-1
ISSN	1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
ISSN (online)	1464-3405
ISSN	0960-894X
DOI	10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.012
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Article: Pharmacognostic standardisation of Combretum albidum G. Don leaf; a medicinally important liana

Sreedhar, Sreekanth / Azhimala Bhaskaranpillai Remashree / Thekkum Parambil Girija / Unnikrishnan Prakash Kumar

Phcog.Net Pharmacognosy Journal. 2013 Nov., Dec., v. 5

2013

Abstract: ... of Combretum albidum G. Don, a medicinally important liana.Macro- and microscopical, physico-chemical ...

Abstract	To establish the standardization parameters for complete pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Combretum albidum G. Don, a medicinally important liana.Macro- and microscopical, physico-chemical evaluations of leaves were investigated and preliminary phytochemical analysis, GC–MS analysis and HPTLC profiles were carried out for qualitative phytochemical evaluation of various extracts of leaves of C. albidum.Macro, micro, powder and scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of leaf were examined and recorded the result. Physico-chemical parameters like moisture content (11.02 ± 0.05) % w/w, total ash (13.79 ± 0.05) % w/w and respectively acid insoluble ash (0.48 ± 0.01) % w/w extractive and values of alcohol (13.42 ± 0.01) % w/w and water (20.28 ± 0.02) % w/w and sequential extractive values of sample in petroleum ether (5.14%), ethyl acetate (4.55%) and methanol (11.48%) were also evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, glycosides and saponins. A well resolved HPTLC profiles was recorded in sequential extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. GC–MS analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds such as caryophyllene (21.58%), linalool (10.69%), β-phellandrene (8.74%) and phytol (7.02%) were the other major compounds present.The above parameters, which are being reported for the first time, are significant towards establishing the pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine plant material.
Keywords	acid insoluble ash ; beta-phellandrene ; Combretum ; ethyl acetate ; flavonoids ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; leaves ; linalool ; methanol ; petroleum ; pharmacognosy ; physicochemical properties ; saponins ; scanning electron microscopy ; tannins ; triterpenoids ; water content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-12
Size	p. 247-255.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0975-3575
DOI	10.1016/j.phcgj.2013.10.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Focus on Diabetes Management.

Unnikrishnan, Ambika G

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism

2019 Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 503–506

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-27
Publishing country	India
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2600211-5
ISSN	2230-9500 ; 2230-8210
ISSN (online)	2230-9500
ISSN	2230-8210
DOI	10.4103/ijem.IJEM_549_19
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Article ; Online: A prospective multicentre open label study to assess effect of Teneligliptin on glycemic control through parameters of time in range (TIR) Metric using continuous glucose monitoring (TOP-TIR study).

Saboo, Banshi / Erande, Suhas / Unnikrishnan, A G

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2022 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 102394

Abstract: Background and aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been effective in assessing glycemic variability in diabetic patients. This study aims at assessing the effect of Teneligliptin using ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) indicators.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been effective in assessing glycemic variability in diabetic patients. This study aims at assessing the effect of Teneligliptin using ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) indicators. Methods: A prospective, multicentre, open label study enrolling 59 type 2 diabetes patients between 18 and 65 years age was done between November 2020-May 2021. Patients were administered Teneligliptin 20 mg once daily, in addition to Metformin. The study included pre-treatment and two post-treatment phases. The data on time in range (TIR) and other AGP indicators of glycemic variability were obtained on each patient in all the three study phases and analysed to understand the effect of Teneligliptin on glycemic variability. Safety evaluation was done based on vital and biochemical parameters. Results: The percent TIR in post-treatment phase I was significantly higher than the pre-treatment phase (p < 0.0001), and was maintained till the end of phase II (p = 0.037). There was significant lowering of time above range (≥180 mg/dL) in the phase I (p = 0.003), which was maintained in phase II (p = 0.043), suggesting better control over hyperglycemic state. The reduction in mean glucose level in phase I and II was also significant compared to baseline (p = 0.003 and p = 0.023 respectively). The glucose variability percent and glucose management indicator also showed significant lowering in both the phases. Conclusions: Teneligliptin addition to patients uncontrolled on Metformin monotherapy significantly reduced glycemic variability, as well showed significant glycemic improvement. Since this study was a single arm study, a comparative study with other DPP-4 inhibitors is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Glucose/analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Glycemic Control ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Pyrazoles ; Thiazolidines
Chemical Substances	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine ; Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Pyrazoles ; Thiazolidines ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102394
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Article: Does Lake Louise questionnaire interpret high-altitude headache as acute mountain sickness? Experience in the western Himalayas.

Unnikrishnan, Abhilash / Shekhar, Atul / Kumar, Dharmendra / Jaipurkar, Raksha / Sikri, Gaurav / Singh, Krishan / Manral, Rahul

The Indian journal of medical research

2024 Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) 241–245

Abstract: Background objectives: High-altitude headache (HAH) and headache in acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common among lowlanders ascending to the high altitude and are often confused with one another. A pilot study was undertaken to analyze HAH and AMS ... ...

Abstract	Background objectives: High-altitude headache (HAH) and headache in acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common among lowlanders ascending to the high altitude and are often confused with one another. A pilot study was undertaken to analyze HAH and AMS cases in Indian lowlanders ascending to Leh city (3500 m) in western Himalayas. Methods: A total number of 1228 Indian lowlanders, who ascended (fresh and re-inductees) by air and acclimatized, participated in this pilot study. The intensity of headache was assessed by the Visual Analogue Score. The parameters of HAH as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 and 2018 Revised Lake Louise Questionnaire (LLQ) were used to differentiate HAH and AMS. Results: Out of 1228 cases, 78 (6.4%) cases had headache, of which 24 (1.95%) cases were HAH only, 40 (3.25%) cases AMS only and 14 (1.14%) cases were defined as both HAH and AMS. There was a significant difference in heart rate [F (2,51) = (4.756), P =0.01] between these groups. It also showed a difference in the correlation between the parameters within the groups. The Odd's Ratio of AMS in fresh and re-inductees was found to be 4.5 and for HAH it was 4.33. Interpretation conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that LLQ has a tendency of overestimating AMS by including HAH cases. Furthermore differential parameters exhibit differences when AMS and HAH are considered separately. Re-inductees showed a lower incidence of HAH and AMS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Altitude Sickness/complications ; Altitude Sickness/diagnosis ; Altitude Sickness/epidemiology ; Altitude ; Himalayas ; Pilot Projects ; Acute Disease ; Headache/epidemiology ; Headache/etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2127_21
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Article ; Online: India's latest essential medicines list: gaps, strengths and opportunities in evidence-based decision-making.

Satheesh, Gautam / Unnikrishnan, M K / Jha, Vivekanand / Salam, Abdul

BMJ evidence-based medicine

2023 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 303–305

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Health Policy ; India
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2515-4478
ISSN (online)	2515-4478
DOI	10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112171
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Article ; Online: Exploration of inorganic nanoparticles for revolutionary drug delivery applications: a critical review.

Unnikrishnan, Gayathri / Joy, Anjumol / Megha, M / Kolanthai, Elayaraja / Senthilkumar, M

Discover nano

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 157

Abstract: The nanosystems for delivering drugs which have evolved with time, are being designed for greater drug efficiency and lesser side-effects, and are also complemented by the advancement of numerous innovative materials. In comparison to the organic ... ...

Abstract	The nanosystems for delivering drugs which have evolved with time, are being designed for greater drug efficiency and lesser side-effects, and are also complemented by the advancement of numerous innovative materials. In comparison to the organic nanoparticles, the inorganic nanoparticles are stable, have a wide range of physicochemical, mechanical, magnetic, and optical characteristics, and also have the capability to get modified using some ligands to enrich their attraction towards the molecules at the target site, which makes them appealing for bio-imaging and drug delivery applications. One of the strong benefits of using the inorganic nanoparticles-drug conjugate is the possibility of delivering the drugs to the affected cells locally, thus reducing the side-effects like cytotoxicity, and facilitating a higher efficacy of the therapeutic drug. This review features the direct and indirect effects of such inorganic nanoparticles like gold, silver, graphene-based, hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, ZnO, and CeO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2731-9229
ISSN (online)	2731-9229
DOI	10.1186/s11671-023-03943-0
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Article: SGLT2 Inhibitors: Paradigm Shift from Diabetes Care to Metabolic Care-An Indian Perspective.

Kumar, K M Prasanna / Unnikrishnan, A G / Jariwala, Pankaj / Mehta, Ashwani / Chaturvedi, Richa / Panchal, Sagar / Lakhani, Preet / Acharya, Rachana / Dixit, Jitendra

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism

2024 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–18

Abstract: The prevalence and burden of diabetes are on the rise in India, making it 'the diabetes capital of the world'. Comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular (CV) complications, chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence and burden of diabetes are on the rise in India, making it 'the diabetes capital of the world'. Comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular (CV) complications, chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and neurodegenerative diseases are common in patients with diabetes. Recent breakthroughs in diabetes medications and continuous glucose monitoring have resulted in a paradigm shift in diabetes care. Hence, a review in the Indian context is warranted. This review focuses on the existing evidence (gathered by a systematic literature search utilising online databases such as PubMed) on the metabolic, cardio-renoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition, particularly in the Indian setting. The study revealed that the SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), with their numerous pleiotropic benefits, have received considerable attention recently as a novel class of antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) for the management of diabetes. SGLT2i play a crucial role in the transition from glycaemic control to metabolic care, particularly in the context of obesity, CV disease and renal disease. In addition to improving glycaemic control, SGLT2i have been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure and improve lipid profiles, which are key components of metabolic health. Moreover, SGLT2i have demonstrated renal protective effects, including a reduction in albuminuria and a slower decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), suggesting a potential role in the management of renal dysfunction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2600211-5
ISSN	2230-9500 ; 2230-8210
ISSN (online)	2230-9500
ISSN	2230-8210
DOI	10.4103/ijem.ijem_377_23
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Article ; Online: Performance of European prediction models for classification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Indians.

Venkatesan, Ulagamadesan / Amutha, Anandakumar / Jones, Angus G / Shields, Beverley M / Anjana, Ranjit Mohan / Unnikrishnan, Ranjit / Mappillairaju, Bagavandas / Mohan, Viswanathan

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2024 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 103007

Abstract: Aim: We aimed to determine the performance of European prediction models in an Indian population to classify type 1 diabetes(T1D) and type 2 diabetes(T2D).: Methods: We assessed discrimination and calibration of published models of diabetes ... ...

Abstract	Aim: We aimed to determine the performance of European prediction models in an Indian population to classify type 1 diabetes(T1D) and type 2 diabetes(T2D). Methods: We assessed discrimination and calibration of published models of diabetes classification, using retrospective data from electronic medical records of 83309 participants aged 18-50 years living in India. Diabetes type was defined based on C-peptide measurement and early insulin requirement. Models assessed combinations of clinical measurements: age at diagnosis, body mass index(mean = 26.6 kg/m Results: 67955 participants met inclusion criteria, of whom 0.8 % had T1D, which was markedly lower than model development cohorts. Model discrimination for clinical features was broadly similar in our Indian cohort compared to the European cohort: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC ROC) was 0.90 vs. 0.90 respectively, but was lower in the subset of young participants with measured GAD antibodies(n = 2404): and an AUC ROC of 0.87 when clinical features, sex, lipids and GAD antibodies were combined. All models substantially overestimated the likelihood of T1D, reflecting the lower prevalence of T1D in the Indian population. However, good model performance was achieved after recalibration by updating the model intercept and slope. Conclusion: Models for diabetes classification maintain the discrimination of T1D and T2D in this Indian population, where T2D is far more common, but require recalibration to obtain appropriate model probabilities. External validation and recalibration are needed before these tools can be used in non-European populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103007
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