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  1. Article ; Online: Reduced Dose and Volume Elective Nodal Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Challenging the Paradigm.

    Thomson, David J

    International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

    2021  Volume 109, Issue 4, Page(s) 941–943

    MeSH term(s) Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 197614-x
    ISSN 1879-355X ; 0360-3016
    ISSN (online) 1879-355X
    ISSN 0360-3016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.11.018
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  2. Article ; Online: The Impact of Rapid Handpump Repairs on Diarrhea Morbidity in Children: Cross-Sectional Study in Kwale County, Kenya.

    Thomson, Patrick / Stoler, Justin / Byford, Michelle / Bradley, David J

    JMIR public health and surveillance

    2024  Volume 10, Page(s) e42462

    Abstract: Background: Handpumps are used by millions of people as their main source of water. Although handpumps represent only a basic form of water provision, there have been continuous efforts to improve the performance of these systems as they are likely to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Handpumps are used by millions of people as their main source of water. Although handpumps represent only a basic form of water provision, there have been continuous efforts to improve the performance of these systems as they are likely to remain in use for many years to come. The introduction of a professional maintenance service in southern Kenya has shown an order of magnitude improvement in operational performance over community-based management, with 90% of handpump faults repaired within 3 days of being reported. One driver behind these efforts is the assumption that a more reliable water supply will lead to a reduction in water-related disease. However, it is not clear if operational improvements lead to health gains. Despite limited empirical evidence, some modeling studies suggest that even short periods of drinking contaminated water can lead to disproportionate negative health impacts.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the improvements in operational performance from the rapid professional maintenance of rural handpumps lead to improved household health outcomes.
    Methods: From a sample of households using handpumps as their primary water source in Kwale County, Kenya, we measured the 2-week prevalence of World Health Organization-defined diarrhea in children, reported by the adult respondent for each household. We compared the rates before and after a period during which the households' handpumps were being professionally maintained. We then conducted a cross-sectional analysis, fitting logistic regression models with reported diarrhea as the dependent variable and speed of repair as the independent exposure of interest, adjusting for household socioeconomic characteristics; dwelling construction; and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)-related factors. We fitted an additional model to examine select interactions between covariates.
    Results: Reported diarrhea in children was lower in households whose pumps had been repaired within 24 hours (adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.51). This effect was robust to the inclusion of multiple categories of covariates. No reduction was seen in households whose pump repairs took more than 24 hours. Analysis of interaction terms showed that certain interventions associated with improved WASH outcomes were only associated with reductions in diarrhea in conjunction with socioeconomic improvements.
    Conclusions: Only pump repairs consistently made within 24 hours of failure led to a reduction in diarrhea in the children of families using handpumps. While the efficacy of reduction in diarrhea is substantial, the operational challenges of guaranteeing same-day repairs limits the effectiveness of even best-in-class pump maintenance. Maintenance regimes that cannot bring handpump downtimes close to zero will struggle to generate health benefits. Other factors that reduce diarrhea prevalence have limited effect in isolation, suggesting that WASH interventions will be more effective when undertaken as part of more holistic poverty-reduction efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Morbidity ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/prevention & control ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2369-2960
    ISSN (online) 2369-2960
    DOI 10.2196/42462
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  3. Article ; Online: The Impact of Rapid Handpump Repairs on Diarrhea Morbidity in Children

    Patrick Thomson / Justin Stoler / Michelle Byford / David J Bradley

    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Vol 10, p e

    Cross-Sectional Study in Kwale County, Kenya

    2024  Volume 42462

    Abstract: BackgroundHandpumps are used by millions of people as their main source of water. Although handpumps represent only a basic form of water provision, there have been continuous efforts to improve the performance of these systems as they are likely to ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundHandpumps are used by millions of people as their main source of water. Although handpumps represent only a basic form of water provision, there have been continuous efforts to improve the performance of these systems as they are likely to remain in use for many years to come. The introduction of a professional maintenance service in southern Kenya has shown an order of magnitude improvement in operational performance over community-based management, with 90% of handpump faults repaired within 3 days of being reported. One driver behind these efforts is the assumption that a more reliable water supply will lead to a reduction in water-related disease. However, it is not clear if operational improvements lead to health gains. Despite limited empirical evidence, some modeling studies suggest that even short periods of drinking contaminated water can lead to disproportionate negative health impacts. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether the improvements in operational performance from the rapid professional maintenance of rural handpumps lead to improved household health outcomes. MethodsFrom a sample of households using handpumps as their primary water source in Kwale County, Kenya, we measured the 2-week prevalence of World Health Organization–defined diarrhea in children, reported by the adult respondent for each household. We compared the rates before and after a period during which the households’ handpumps were being professionally maintained. We then conducted a cross-sectional analysis, fitting logistic regression models with reported diarrhea as the dependent variable and speed of repair as the independent exposure of interest, adjusting for household socioeconomic characteristics; dwelling construction; and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)-related factors. We fitted an additional model to examine select interactions between covariates. ResultsReported diarrhea in children was lower in households whose pumps had been repaired within 24 hours (adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI ...
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360 ; 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JMIR Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: In Reply to Gupta et al.

    Thomson, David J / Yom, Sue S

    International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

    2020  Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 854

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 197614-x
    ISSN 1879-355X ; 0360-3016
    ISSN (online) 1879-355X
    ISSN 0360-3016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.04.032
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  5. Article ; Online: Dogmalysis.

    vonRosenberg, John / Thomson, David P

    Air medical journal

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 280–282

    Abstract: Air medical and critical care providers encounter the extremes of being both in-hospital and out-of-hospital clinicians, work in unpredictable environments, and treat patients with the most significant injury patterns and diagnoses. These demands ... ...

    Abstract Air medical and critical care providers encounter the extremes of being both in-hospital and out-of-hospital clinicians, work in unpredictable environments, and treat patients with the most significant injury patterns and diagnoses. These demands highlight the need to recognize unique mental challenges for those who work in the air medical environment and the process by which providers make decisions. Patients who present with a high-acuity/low-volume pathology generate particularly difficult situations with abundant opportunity for both celebrations of performance and learning from mistakes. There are times when the desired option of therapy is not available, the most appropriate destination is not feasible, or the crew is unable to address every aspect of patient care with resources that are immediately available. Although it is logical to make decisions based on anatomic and physiological knowledge, the absence of an actual answer does not necessitate the acceptance of consensus. Dogmalysis refers to the dissolution of authoritative tenets held as established opinion without adequate grounds. This article highlights the importance of dogmalysis, the value of honest scientific reflection, and the aggressive seeking of evidence-based answers as it pertains to the air medical environment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Consensus ; Air Ambulances ; Emergency Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2072853-0
    ISSN 1532-6497 ; 1067-991X
    ISSN (online) 1532-6497
    ISSN 1067-991X
    DOI 10.1016/j.amj.2023.04.009
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    Zs.A 5623: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: The Interplay Between Radiation Dose, Volume, and Systemic Therapy.

    Thomson, David J / Henson, Christina / Huang, Shao Hui / McDowell, Lachlan J / Mierzwa, Michelle / Wilke, Christopher / Margalit, Danielle N

    International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

    2023  Volume 116, Issue 5, Page(s) 967–971

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Lung Neoplasms ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 197614-x
    ISSN 1879-355X ; 0360-3016
    ISSN (online) 1879-355X
    ISSN 0360-3016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.02.047
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  8. Book ; Online: On Neural Networks as Infinite Tree-Structured Probabilistic Graphical Models

    Li, Boyao / Thomson, Alexandar J. / Engelhard, Matthew M. / Page, David

    2023  

    Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) lack the precise semantics and definitive probabilistic interpretation of probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). In this paper, we propose an innovative solution by constructing infinite tree-structured PGMs that correspond ... ...

    Abstract Deep neural networks (DNNs) lack the precise semantics and definitive probabilistic interpretation of probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). In this paper, we propose an innovative solution by constructing infinite tree-structured PGMs that correspond exactly to neural networks. Our research reveals that DNNs, during forward propagation, indeed perform approximations of PGM inference that are precise in this alternative PGM structure. Not only does our research complement existing studies that describe neural networks as kernel machines or infinite-sized Gaussian processes, it also elucidates a more direct approximation that DNNs make to exact inference in PGMs. Potential benefits include improved pedagogy and interpretation of DNNs, and algorithms that can merge the strengths of PGMs and DNNs.
    Keywords Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Publishing date 2023-05-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  9. Article ; Online: Catalytic Enantioselective Direct Aldol Addition of Aryl Ketones to α-Fluorinated Ketones.

    Thomson, Connor J / Barber, David M / Dixon, Darren J

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 13, Page(s) 5359–5364

    Abstract: The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-fluorinated chiral tertiary alcohols from (hetero)aryl methyl ketones is described. The use of a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) superbase was found to facilitate direct aldol addition by providing the ... ...

    Abstract The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-fluorinated chiral tertiary alcohols from (hetero)aryl methyl ketones is described. The use of a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) superbase was found to facilitate direct aldol addition by providing the strong Brønsted basicity required for rapid aryl enolate formation. The new synthetic protocol is easy to perform and tolerates a broad range of functionalities and heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 e.r.). Multi-gram scalability has been demonstrated along with catalyst recovery and recycling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.201916129
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  10. Article ; Online: Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases.

    Shek, Naomi / Choy, Anna-Maria / Lang, Chim C / Miller, Bruce E / Tal-Singer, Ruth / Bolton, Charlotte E / Thomson, Neil C / Chalmers, James D / Bown, Matt J / Newby, David E / Khan, Faisel / Huang, Jeffrey T J

    npj aging

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Aging is a major driving force for many diseases but the relationship between chronological age, the aging process and age-related diseases is not fully understood. Fragmentation and loss of ultra-long-lived elastin are key features in aging and several ... ...

    Abstract Aging is a major driving force for many diseases but the relationship between chronological age, the aging process and age-related diseases is not fully understood. Fragmentation and loss of ultra-long-lived elastin are key features in aging and several age-related diseases leading to increased mortality. By comparing the relationship between age and elastin turnover with healthy volunteers, we show that accelerated elastin turnover by age-disease interaction is a common feature of age-related diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-6068
    ISSN (online) 2731-6068
    DOI 10.1038/s41514-024-00143-7
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