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  1. Article ; Online: Stress exposure in at-risk, depressed, and suicidal adolescents.

    Stewart, Jeremy G / Pizzagalli, Diego A / Auerbach, Randy P

    Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

    2023  

    Abstract: ... of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents. However, the precise stress facets (e.g. chronicity, domain) most strongly ...

    Abstract Background: Stress exposure contributes to the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents. However, the precise stress facets (e.g. chronicity, domain) most strongly linked to outcomes at different stages along the depression severity continuum remain unclear. Across two studies, chronic and episodic stressors were comprehensively assessed among: (a) healthy youth with (High-Risk [HR]) and without (Low-Risk [LR]) a maternal history of MDD and (b) adolescents with current MDD and suicide ideation and healthy controls (HC).
    Method: Study 1 included LR (n = 65) and HR (n = 22) 12- to 14-year-olds (49 females; 56.32%) with no lifetime history of mental disorders. Study 2 enrolled 87 mid-to-late adolescents (64 females; 73.56%), including 57 MDD youth from a short-term intensive treatment service and 30 HCs from the community. All depressed youth reported recent suicide ideation; some had no lifetime history suicide attempts (SI; n = 31) and others reported at least one past year attempt (SA; n = 26). The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule was used to capture stressor severity in both studies.
    Results: We used multiple linear regression models that adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Being in the HR versus LR group was associated with more severe chronic (β = .22, CI
    Conclusions: Our findings clarify the stressor features that may most strongly contribute to adolescent depression and its clinical correlates at two important points along depression's clinical course.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218136-8
    ISSN 1469-7610 ; 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    ISSN (online) 1469-7610
    ISSN 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    DOI 10.1111/jcpp.13935
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation: Religious identity matters.

    Hart, Frances G / Stewart, Jeremy G / Hudson, Chloe C / Fan, Kailyn / Björgvinsson, Thröstur / Beard, Courtney

    Suicide & life-threatening behavior

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Religion is a salient aspect of patient background in treatment (The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice; Guilford Press). However, research investigating the role of religion in suicide is lacking and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Religion is a salient aspect of patient background in treatment (The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice; Guilford Press). However, research investigating the role of religion in suicide is lacking and inconsistent (Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 2478-2499). The current study (1) clarifies the association between religious identity and fearlessness about death in a psychiatric sample and (2) tests whether religious identity moderates the association between fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation.
    Methods: Participants were 155 patients seeking treatment in a partial hospital program. Religious identity was assessed using the Identities in Treatment Scale (The Behavior Therapist). Fearlessness about death was assessed with two relevant items from the acquired capability with rehearsal for suicide scale (Psychological Assessment, 28, 1452-1464), as in prior studies (Suicide & Le-Threatening Behavior, 50, 1230-1240; Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 12, 100492).
    Results: Fearlessness about death interacted with religious identity to predict suicidal ideation, b = 0.47, 95% C.I. [0.02, 0.91], p = 0.042. Conditional effects showed that greater fearlessness about death was associated with greater suicidal ideation among non-religious patients, b = -0.56, 95% C.I. [-0.88, -0.24], p = 0.001, but not in religious patients, b = -0.09, 95% C.I. [-0.41, 0.22], p = 0.559.
    Conclusions: Our results suggest that fearlessness about death is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, but only among those who do not identify as religious. Results from this study inform theories of suicide and elucidate the influence of religious identity on links among suicide risk factors and suicide-related outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 750058-0
    ISSN 1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
    ISSN (online) 1943-278X
    ISSN 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
    DOI 10.1111/sltb.13069
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  3. Article ; Online: An evaluation of the construct validity of the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire.

    Lord, Kayla A / Liverant, Gabrielle I / Stewart, Jeremy G / Hayes-Skelton, Sarah A / Suvak, Michael K

    Psychological assessment

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 1062–1073

    Abstract: Rejection sensitivity (RS), the predisposition to defensively expect, readily perceive, and react strongly to interpersonal rejection (Downey & Feldman, 1996; Feldman & Downey, 1994), may be a transdiagnostic trait associated with a range of psychiatric ... ...

    Abstract Rejection sensitivity (RS), the predisposition to defensively expect, readily perceive, and react strongly to interpersonal rejection (Downey & Feldman, 1996; Feldman & Downey, 1994), may be a transdiagnostic trait associated with a range of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial dysfunction. Valid and reliable assessment of vulnerability factors is essential for individualized treatment and improving clinical outcomes. Limited research has examined the factor structure of the predominantly used self-report measure of RS, the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (A-RSQ; Berenson et al., 2009). Across two studies (Study 1:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Neuroticism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1000939-5
    ISSN 1939-134X ; 1040-3590
    ISSN (online) 1939-134X
    ISSN 1040-3590
    DOI 10.1037/pas0001168
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  4. Article ; Online: Specific early maladaptive schemas differentially mediate the relations of emotional and sexual maltreatment to recent life events in youth with depression.

    Zheng, Sally / Stewart, Jeremy G / Bagby, R Michael / Harkness, Kate L

    Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 1020–1033

    Abstract: The current study provided a novel investigation of relations among particular types of childhood maltreatment (emotional vs. physical vs. sexual maltreatment), specific cognitive schema themes and the generation of dependent versus independent life ... ...

    Abstract The current study provided a novel investigation of relations among particular types of childhood maltreatment (emotional vs. physical vs. sexual maltreatment), specific cognitive schema themes and the generation of dependent versus independent life events. Participants included 227 adolescents and emerging adults (74% female; aged 12-29) in a current episode of a unipolar depressive disorder drawn from three archival cross-sectional studies. Childhood maltreatment and life events from the past 6 months were assessed using detailed contextual interviews with independent, standardized ratings. Emotional maltreatment was uniquely associated with schema themes of emotional deprivation and subjugation, and sexual maltreatment was uniquely associated with schema themes of abandonment, vulnerability and dependence/incompetence. Further, subjugation and abandonment cross-sectionally mediated the relations of emotional and sexual maltreatment, respectively, to greater dependent, but not independent, life events. Physical maltreatment was not associated with cognitive schemas or recent life events after accounting for its overlap with emotional and sexual maltreatment. Results suggest targets for cognitive intervention that may improve outcomes for youth with specific histories of emotional and sexual maltreatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child Abuse/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1169313-7
    ISSN 1099-0879 ; 1063-3995
    ISSN (online) 1099-0879
    ISSN 1063-3995
    DOI 10.1002/cpp.2681
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Testing a Revised Interpersonal Theory of Depression Using a Laboratory Measure of Excessive Reassurance Seeking.

    Stewart, Jeremy G / Harkness, Kate L

    Journal of clinical psychology

    2016  Volume 73, Issue 3, Page(s) 331–348

    Abstract: ... to better understand factors (e.g., cognitions, partner characteristics) that may determine whether ERS ...

    Abstract Objective: This study tested whether core beliefs with themes of abandonment and rejection moderated the link between trait and behavioral excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) and interpersonal rejection.
    Method: Participants were 118 women with high (n = 43; mean [M]
    Results: Among women with high levels of depression symptoms and low levels of abandonment/rejection core beliefs, behavioral ERS was associated with lower partner-reported relationship quality. Self-reported ERS was significantly associated with partner relationship quality, but the effect was not moderated by depression or core beliefs.
    Conclusions: ERS is a potent predictor of stress and subsequent depression. Our findings underscore the need to better understand factors (e.g., cognitions, partner characteristics) that may determine whether ERS behaviors beget interpersonal stress and rejection.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Depression ; Fear/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Psychological Theory ; Sexual Partners/psychology ; Social Behavior ; Social Distance ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219160-x
    ISSN 1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
    ISSN (online) 1097-4679
    ISSN 0021-9762
    DOI 10.1002/jclp.22338
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Neurophysiological Markers Related to Negative Self-referential Processing Differentiate Adolescent Suicide Ideators and Attempters.

    Allison, Grace O / Benau, Erik M / Asbaghi, Steven / Pagliacco, David / Stewart, Jeremy G / Auerbach, Randy P

    Biological psychiatry global open science

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–27

    Abstract: Background: Adolescent suicide is a major public health concern, and presently, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of suicidal behaviors. Cognitive models of suicide indicate that negative views of the self are related ...

    Abstract Background: Adolescent suicide is a major public health concern, and presently, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of suicidal behaviors. Cognitive models of suicide indicate that negative views of the self are related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and this study investigated whether behavioral and neural correlates of self-referential processing differentiate suicide ideators from recent attempters.
    Methods: Adolescents with depression reporting current suicidal ideation and no lifetime suicide attempts (suicide ideators,
    Results: Adolescent suicide ideators and recent suicide attempters reported comparable symptom severity, suicide ideation, and mental disorders. Although there were no behavioral differences, compared with suicide ideators, suicide attempters exhibited greater P2 amplitudes for negative versus positive words, which may reflect enhanced attention and arousal in response to negative self-referential stimuli. There were no group differences for the early or late late positive potential.
    Conclusions: Enhanced sensory arousal in response to negative stimuli-that is, attentional orienting to semantic, emotional, and self-relevant features-differentiates adolescent suicide attempters from ideators and thus may signal risk for suicidal behavior.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-1743
    ISSN (online) 2667-1743
    DOI 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.04.001
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  7. Article ; Online: Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.

    Alqueza, Kira L / Pagliaccio, David / Durham, Katherine / Srinivasan, Apoorva / Stewart, Jeremy G / Auerbach, Randy P

    Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 353–366

    Abstract: Background: Given low base rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in national samples of adolescents, clarifying the sociodemographic and clinical correlates among psychiatric inpatients may afford insights into potential risk factors that ... ...

    Abstract Background: Given low base rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in national samples of adolescents, clarifying the sociodemographic and clinical correlates among psychiatric inpatients may afford insights into potential risk factors that predict STBs onset.
    Method: Adolescents (
    Results: Age-of-onset for STBs occurred in early adolescence. Most patients reported suicide ideation with nearly half of patients making a plan and one-third a suicide attempt. Although relatively modest, the strongest correlates of lifetime attempts were depressive disorders, physical abuse, and non-suicidal self-injury. Knowing a peer that had attempted suicide also increased the likelihood of a suicide attempt, especially among attempters who transitioned from ideation to planned attempts.
    Conclusion: STBs are highly prevalent among adolescents admitted for acute psychiatric inpatient treatment. The modest effects suggest that correlates, particularly those related to suicide attempts, are widely distributed. As a history of physical abuse and knowing a peer with a suicide attempt history are related to transitioning from ideation to action, these may be critical factors to target in the deployment of future suicide prevention and treatment programs. HIGHLIGHTSOne-third of adolescent inpatients report a lifetime history of suicide attempts.Approximately 65% of adolescent inpatients with a lifetime plan attempt suicide.Knowing peers who attempt suicide may facilitate the transition from ideation to action.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Inpatients ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Suicide Prevention ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1283671-0
    ISSN 1543-6136 ; 1381-1118
    ISSN (online) 1543-6136
    ISSN 1381-1118
    DOI 10.1080/13811118.2021.1999874
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  8. Article ; Online: Activity of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Initiating Ketosynthase FabH with Acetyl/Malonyl-oxa/aza(dethia)CoAs.

    Boram, Trevor J / Benjamin, Aaron B / Silva de Sousa, Amanda / Stunkard, Lee M / Stewart, Taylor A / Adams, Timothy J / Craft, Nicholas A / Velázquez-Marrero, Kevin G / Ling, Jianheng / Nice, Jaelen N / Lohman, Jeremy R

    ACS chemical biology

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–58

    Abstract: Fatty acid and polyketide biosynthetic enzymes exploit the reactivity of acyl- and malonyl-thioesters for catalysis. A prime example is FabH, which initiates fatty acid biosynthesis in many bacteria and plants. FabH performs an acyltransferase reaction ... ...

    Abstract Fatty acid and polyketide biosynthetic enzymes exploit the reactivity of acyl- and malonyl-thioesters for catalysis. A prime example is FabH, which initiates fatty acid biosynthesis in many bacteria and plants. FabH performs an acyltransferase reaction with acetyl-CoA to generate an acetyl-
    MeSH term(s) Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acyltransferases/genetics ; Acyltransferases/metabolism ; Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry ; Malonyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; Polyketides ; 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase
    Chemical Substances Acetyl Coenzyme A (72-89-9) ; Acyltransferases (EC 2.3.-) ; Acyl Carrier Protein ; Malonyl Coenzyme A (524-14-1) ; Fatty Acids ; Polyketides ; 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase (EC 2.3.1.41)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1554-8937
    ISSN (online) 1554-8937
    DOI 10.1021/acschembio.2c00667
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  9. Article ; Online: Non-suicidal Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Inpatients.

    Millon, Emma M / Alqueza, Kira L / Kamath, Rahil A / Marsh, Rachel / Pagliaccio, David / Blumberg, Hilary P / Stewart, Jeremy G / Auerbach, Randy P

    Child psychiatry and human development

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–59

    Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern that typically onsets during early adolescence. Adolescents (N = 980, ages 12-19 years) admitted for acute, residential psychiatric treatment completed baseline clinical interviews ... ...

    Abstract Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern that typically onsets during early adolescence. Adolescents (N = 980, ages 12-19 years) admitted for acute, residential psychiatric treatment completed baseline clinical interviews assessing mental disorders and questionnaires measuring demographics, early life adversity, and symptom severity. Prevalence rates of NSSI for lifetime (thoughts: 78%; behaviors: 72%), past year (thoughts: 74%; behaviors: 65%), and past month (thoughts: 68%; behaviors: 51%) were high. Although effect sizes were modest, the presence of a lifetime depressive disorder, sexual abuse, and comorbidity (i.e., three or more current disorders) were significant correlates of experiencing NSSI thoughts and behaviors. Furthermore, lifetime depressive disorder, current anxiety disorder, and comorbidity were associated with a greater odds of persistent NSSI thoughts and/or behaviors. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether targeting these factors reduces the persistence of NSSI thoughts and behaviors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Suicidal Ideation ; Inpatients/psychology ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 223895-0
    ISSN 1573-3327 ; 0009-398X
    ISSN (online) 1573-3327
    ISSN 0009-398X
    DOI 10.1007/s10578-022-01380-1
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  10. Article ; Online: 11β-HSD1 contributes to age-related metabolic decline in male mice.

    Morgan, Stuart A / Gathercole, Laura L / Hassan-Smith, Zaki K / Tomlinson, Jeremy / Stewart, Paul M / Lavery, Gareth G

    The Journal of endocrinology

    2022  Volume 255, Issue 3, Page(s) 117–129

    Abstract: The aged phenotype shares several metabolic similarities with that of circulatory glucocorticoid excess (Cushing's syndrome), including type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and myopathy. We hypothesise that local tissue generation of glucocorticoids ... ...

    Abstract The aged phenotype shares several metabolic similarities with that of circulatory glucocorticoid excess (Cushing's syndrome), including type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and myopathy. We hypothesise that local tissue generation of glucocorticoids by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which converts 11-dehydrocorticosterone to active corticosterone in rodents (corticosterone to cortisol in man), plays a role in driving age-related chronic disease. In this study, we have examined the impact of ageing on glucocorticoid metabolism, insulin tolerance, adiposity, muscle strength, and blood pressure in both wildtype (WT) and transgenic male mice with a global deletion of 11β-HSD1 (11β-HSD1-/-) following 4 months high-fat feeding. We found that high fat-fed 11β-HSD1-/- mice were protected from age-related glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia when compared to age/diet-matched WTs. By contrast, aged 11β-HSD1-/- mice were not protected from the onset of sarcopenia observed in the aged WTs. Young 11β-HSD1-/- mice were partially protected from diet-induced obesity; however, this partial protection was lost with age. Despite greater overall obesity, the aged 11β-HSD1-/- animals stored fat in more metabolically safer adipose depots as compared to the aged WTs. Serum analysis revealed both WT and 11β-HSD1-/- mice had an age-related increase in morning corticosterone. Surprisingly, 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity in the liver and skeletal muscle was unchanged with age in WT mice and decreased in gonadal adipose tissue. These data suggest that deletion of 11β-HSD1 in high fat-fed, but not chow-fed, male mice protects from age-related insulin resistance and supports a metabolically favourable fat distribution.
    MeSH term(s) 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/genetics ; 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/metabolism ; Animals ; Corticosterone/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Obesity/genetics
    Chemical Substances Glucocorticoids ; Insulin ; 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (EC 1.1.1.146) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3028-4
    ISSN 1479-6805 ; 0022-0795
    ISSN (online) 1479-6805
    ISSN 0022-0795
    DOI 10.1530/JOE-22-0169
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