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  1. Article ; Online: Pharma's Bio-AI revolution.

    Bentwich, Isaac

    Drug discovery today

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 103515

    Abstract: Drug development has become unbearably slow and expensive. A key underlying problem is the clinical prediction challenge: the inability to predict which drug candidates will be safe in the human body and for whom. Recently, a dramatic regulatory change ... ...

    Abstract Drug development has become unbearably slow and expensive. A key underlying problem is the clinical prediction challenge: the inability to predict which drug candidates will be safe in the human body and for whom. Recently, a dramatic regulatory change has removed FDA's mandated reliance on antiquated, ineffective animal studies. A new frontier is an integration of several disruptive technologies [machine learning (ML), patient-on-chip, real-time sensing, and stem cells], which when integrated, have the potential to address this challenge, drastically cutting the time and cost of developing drugs, and tailoring them to individual patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Drug Development
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1324988-5
    ISSN 1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
    ISSN (online) 1878-5832
    ISSN 1359-6446
    DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103515
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Identifying human microRNAs.

    Bentwich, Isaac

    Current topics in microbiology and immunology

    2007  Volume 320, Page(s) 257–269

    Abstract: MicroRNAs are a recently discovered group of short, non-coding RNA regulatory genes found in many species including humans. Originally viewed as a rare curiosity, over a thousand peer-reviewed publications have now established their major role in health ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs are a recently discovered group of short, non-coding RNA regulatory genes found in many species including humans. Originally viewed as a rare curiosity, over a thousand peer-reviewed publications have now established their major role in health and disease. MicroRNA discovery approaches, both biological and computational, have played an important role in this enfolding drama, and have led to the discovery of many hundreds of novel microRNAs. These different discovery and validation approaches are briefly reviewed here, as are the challenges and questions that lie ahead.
    MeSH term(s) Computational Biology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/analysis ; MicroRNAs/genetics
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-11-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0070-217X
    ISSN 0070-217X
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-75157-1_12
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A postulated role for microRNA in cellular differentiation.

    Bentwich, Isaac

    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

    2005  Volume 19, Issue 8, Page(s) 875–879

    Abstract: Over the past two decades a variety of mechanisms regulating cellular differentiation have been uncovered. These include signaling by morphogens or membrane-associated ligands and asymmetric segregation of cytoplasmic components. Most of these processes ... ...

    Abstract Over the past two decades a variety of mechanisms regulating cellular differentiation have been uncovered. These include signaling by morphogens or membrane-associated ligands and asymmetric segregation of cytoplasmic components. Most of these processes are driven by protein coding genes. Here I describe another possible cellular differentiation mechanism that involves asymmetric segregation of microRNAs, a group of recently discovered non-protein coding genes that have been shown to be involved in differentiation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; DNA Methylation ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Plants
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    DOI 10.1096/fj.04-3609hyp
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Prediction and validation of microRNAs and their targets.

    Bentwich, Isaac

    FEBS letters

    2005  Volume 579, Issue 26, Page(s) 5904–5910

    Abstract: MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation of target genes by binding to their mRNAs, and have been shown to play a central role in gene regulation in health and disease. Sophisticated computer-based prediction approaches of microRNAs ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation of target genes by binding to their mRNAs, and have been shown to play a central role in gene regulation in health and disease. Sophisticated computer-based prediction approaches of microRNAs and of their targets, and effective biological validation techniques for validating these predictions, now play a central role in discovery of microRNAs and elucidating their functions.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Binding Sites ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/chemistry ; MicroRNAs/physiology ; Microarray Analysis/methods ; Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; RNA/chemistry ; RNA Interference ; RNA Precursors ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Plant
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; RNA Precursors ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Plant ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-10-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A postulated role for microRNA in cellular differentiation

    Bentwich, Isaac

    FASEB journal : 2005 Jun., v. 19, no. 8

    2005  

    Abstract: ... Bentwich, I. A postulated role for microRNA in cellular differentiation. ...

    Abstract Over the past two decades a variety of mechanisms regulating cellular differentiation have been uncovered. These include signaling by morphogens or membrane-associated ligands and asymmetric segregation of cytoplasmic components. Most of these processes are driven by protein coding genes. Here I describe another possible cellular differentiation mechanism that involves asymmetric segregation of microRNAs, a group of recently discovered non-protein coding genes that have been shown to be involved in differentiation.--Bentwich, I. A postulated role for microRNA in cellular differentiation.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2005-06
    Size p. 875-879.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Identification of hundreds of conserved and nonconserved human microRNAs.

    Bentwich, Isaac / Avniel, Amir / Karov, Yael / Aharonov, Ranit / Gilad, Shlomit / Barad, Omer / Barzilai, Adi / Einat, Paz / Einav, Uri / Meiri, Eti / Sharon, Eilon / Spector, Yael / Bentwich, Zvi

    Nature genetics

    2005  Volume 37, Issue 7, Page(s) 766–770

    Abstract: MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that suppress translation of target genes by binding to their mRNA and thus have a central role in gene regulation in health and disease. To date, 222 human microRNAs have been identified, 86 ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that suppress translation of target genes by binding to their mRNA and thus have a central role in gene regulation in health and disease. To date, 222 human microRNAs have been identified, 86 by random cloning and sequencing, 43 by computational approaches and the rest as putative microRNAs homologous to microRNAs in other species. To prove our hypothesis that the total number of microRNAs may be much larger and that several have emerged only in primates, we developed an integrative approach combining bioinformatic predictions with microarray analysis and sequence-directed cloning. Here we report the use of this approach to clone and sequence 89 new human microRNAs (nearly doubling the current number of sequenced human microRNAs), 53 of which are not conserved beyond primates. These findings suggest that the total number of human microRNAs is at least 800.
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/analysis ; Microarray Analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1108734-1
    ISSN 1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
    ISSN (online) 1546-1718
    ISSN 1061-4036
    DOI 10.1038/ng1590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Treatment of intestinal helminths does not reduce plasma concentrations of HIV-1 RNA in coinfected Zambian adults.

    Modjarrad, Kayvon / Zulu, Isaac / Redden, David T / Njobvu, Lungowe / Lane, H Clifford / Bentwich, Zvi / Vermund, Sten H

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2005  Volume 192, Issue 7, Page(s) 1277–1283

    Abstract: Background: Infection with intestinal helminths may stimulate dysfunctional immune responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the impact of antihelminthic treatment on plasma ... ...

    Abstract Background: Infection with intestinal helminths may stimulate dysfunctional immune responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the impact of antihelminthic treatment on plasma concentrations of HIV-1 RNA.Methods. We conducted a prospective study of 54 HIV-1- and helminth-coinfected and 57 HIV-1-infected, helminth-uninfected asymptomatic adults living in Lusaka, Zambia, to assess the impact of antihelminthic treatment on plasma concentrations of HIV-1 RNA.
    Results: Median baseline viral load was 0.33 log(10) copies/mL lower in the helminth-infected group than in the uninfected group. Mean viral load between pretreatment and posttreatment visits increased in the helminth-infected (mean, 4.23 vs. 4.29 log(10) copies/mL; P=.6) and helminth-uninfected (mean, 4.39 vs. 4.52 log(10) copies/mL; P=.2) groups. Helminth-infected participants with high pretreatment viral loads had a mean 0.25-log(10) copies/mL decrease after treatment (P=.3), and helminth-uninfected participants had a mean 0.02-log(10) copies/mL decrease (P=.8).
    Conclusions: We did not find an overall association between treatment of intestinal helminth infections and reduction in viral load in coinfected adults. Future studies may need to focus on adults with intense helminth infections who live in rural areas or on adults or children who harbor higher helminth burdens and plasma concentrations of HIV-1 RNA.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV-1 ; Helminthiasis/complications ; Helminthiasis/drug therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load ; Zambia
    Chemical Substances Anthelmintics ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1086/444543
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: MicroRNA expression detected by oligonucleotide microarrays: system establishment and expression profiling in human tissues.

    Barad, Omer / Meiri, Eti / Avniel, Amir / Aharonov, Ranit / Barzilai, Adi / Bentwich, Isaac / Einav, Uri / Gilad, Shlomit / Hurban, Patrick / Karov, Yael / Lobenhofer, Edward K / Sharon, Eilon / Shiboleth, Yoel M / Shtutman, Marat / Bentwich, Zvi / Einat, Paz

    Genome research

    2004  Volume 14, Issue 12, Page(s) 2486–2494

    Abstract: MicroRNAs (MIRs) are a novel group of conserved short approximately 22 nucleotide-long RNAs with important roles in regulating gene expression. We have established a MIR-specific oligonucleotide microarray system that enables efficient analysis of the ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs (MIRs) are a novel group of conserved short approximately 22 nucleotide-long RNAs with important roles in regulating gene expression. We have established a MIR-specific oligonucleotide microarray system that enables efficient analysis of the expression of the human MIRs identified so far. We show that the 60-mer oligonucleotide probes on the microarrays hybridize with labeled cRNA of MIRs, but not with their precursor hairpin RNAs, derived from amplified, size-fractionated, total RNA of human origin. Signal intensity is related to the location of the MIR sequences within the 60-mer probes, with location at the 5' region giving the highest signals, and at the 3' end, giving the lowest signals. Accordingly, 60-mer probes harboring one MIR copy at the 5' end gave signals of similar intensity to probes containing two or three MIR copies. Mismatch analysis shows that mutations within the MIR sequence significantly reduce or eliminate the signal, suggesting that the observed signals faithfully reflect the abundance of matching MIRs in the labeled cRNA. Expression profiling of 150 MIRs in five human tissues and in HeLa cells revealed a good overall concordance with previously published results, but also with some differences. We present novel data on MIR expression in thymus, testes, and placenta, and have identified MIRs highly enriched in these tissues. Taken together, these results highlight the increased sensitivity of the DNA microarray over other methods for the detection and study of MIRs, and the immense potential in applying such microarrays for the study of MIRs in health and disease.
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Probes/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods ; Placenta/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Testis/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA Probes ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1284872-4
    ISSN 1549-5469 ; 1088-9051 ; 1054-9803
    ISSN (online) 1549-5469
    ISSN 1088-9051 ; 1054-9803
    DOI 10.1101/gr.2845604
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: MicroRNAs accurately identify cancer tissue origin.

    Rosenfeld, Nitzan / Aharonov, Ranit / Meiri, Eti / Rosenwald, Shai / Spector, Yael / Zepeniuk, Merav / Benjamin, Hila / Shabes, Norberto / Tabak, Sarit / Levy, Asaf / Lebanony, Danit / Goren, Yaron / Silberschein, Erez / Targan, Nurit / Ben-Ari, Alex / Gilad, Shlomit / Sion-Vardy, Netta / Tobar, Ana / Feinmesser, Meora /
    Kharenko, Oleg / Nativ, Ofer / Nass, Dvora / Perelman, Marina / Yosepovich, Ady / Shalmon, Bruria / Polak-Charcon, Sylvie / Fridman, Eddie / Avniel, Amir / Bentwich, Isaac / Bentwich, Zvi / Cohen, Dalia / Chajut, Ayelet / Barshack, Iris

    Nature biotechnology

    2008  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 462–469

    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that is involved in oncogenesis and shows remarkable tissue specificity. Their potential for tumor classification suggests they may be used in identifying the tissue in which cancers of ... ...

    Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that is involved in oncogenesis and shows remarkable tissue specificity. Their potential for tumor classification suggests they may be used in identifying the tissue in which cancers of unknown primary origin arose, a major clinical problem. We measured miRNA expression levels in 400 paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen samples from 22 different tumor tissues and metastases. We used miRNA microarray data of 253 samples to construct a transparent classifier based on 48 miRNAs. Two-thirds of samples were classified with high confidence, with accuracy >90%. In an independent blinded test-set of 83 samples, overall high-confidence accuracy reached 89%. Classification accuracy reached 100% for most tissue classes, including 131 metastatic samples. We further validated the utility of the miRNA biomarkers by quantitative RT-PCR using 65 additional blinded test samples. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for tracing the tissue of origin of cancers of unknown primary origin.
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1311932-1
    ISSN 1546-1696 ; 1087-0156
    ISSN (online) 1546-1696
    ISSN 1087-0156
    DOI 10.1038/nbt1392
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Unsung hero Robert C. Gallo.

    Abbadessa, Giovanni / Accolla, Roberto / Aiuti, Fernando / Albini, Adriana / Aldovini, Anna / Alfano, Massimo / Antonelli, Guido / Bartholomew, Courtenay / Bentwich, Zvi / Bertazzoni, Umberto / Berzofsky, Jay A / Biberfeld, Peter / Boeri, Enzo / Buonaguro, Luigi / Buonaguro, Franco M / Bukrinsky, Michael / Burny, Arsène / Caruso, Arnaldo / Cassol, Sharon /
    Chandra, Prakash / Ceccherini-Nelli, Luca / Chieco-Bianchi, Luigi / Clerici, Mario / Colombini-Hatch, Sandra / de Giuli Morghen, Carlo / de Maria, Andrea / de Rossi, Anita / Dierich, Manfred / Della-Favera, Riccardo / Dolei, Antonina / Douek, Daniel / Erfle, Volker / Felber, Barbara / Fiorentini, Simona / Franchini, Genoveffa / Gershoni, Jonathan M / Gotch, Frances / Green, Patrick / Greene, Warner C / Hall, William / Haseltine, William / Jacobson, Stephens / Kallings, Lars O / Kalyanaraman, Vaniambadi S / Katinger, Hermann / Khalili, Kamel / Klein, George / Klein, Eva / Klotman, Mary / Klotman, Paul / Kotler, Moshe / Kurth, Reinhard / Lafeuillade, Alain / La Placa, Michelangelo / Lewis, Jonathan / Lillo, Flavia / Lisziewicz, Julianna / Lomonico, Anita / Lopalco, Lucia / Lori, Franco / Lusso, Paolo / Macchi, Beatrice / Malim, Michael / Margolis, Leonid / Markham, Phillip D / McClure, Myra / Miller, Nancy / Mingari, Maria C / Moretta, Lorenzo / Noonan, Douglas / O'Brien, Steve / Okamoto, Takashi / Pal, Ranajit / Palese, Peter / Panet, Amos / Pantaleo, Giuseppe / Pavlakis, George / Pistello, Mauro / Plotkin, Stanley / Poli, Guido / Pomerantz, Roger / Radaelli, Antonia / Robertguroff, Marjorie / Roederer, Mario / Sarngadharan, Mangalasseril G / Schols, Dominique / Secchiero, Paola / Shearer, Gene / Siccardi, Antonio / Stevenson, Mario / Svoboda, Jan / Tartaglia, Jim / Torelli, Giuseppe / Tornesello, Maria Lina / Tschachler, Erwin / Vaccarezza, Mauro / Vallbracht, Angelika / van Lunzen, Jan / Varnier, Oliviero / Vicenzi, Elisa / von Melchner, Harald / Witz, Isaac / Zagury, Daniel / Zagury, Jean-Francois / Zauli, Giorgio / Zipeto, Donato

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2009  Volume 323, Issue 5911, Page(s) 206–207

    MeSH term(s) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/history ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; HIV-1/growth & development ; HIV-1/isolation & purification ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.323.5911.206
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