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Article ; Online: Spatial inequalities and non-linear association of continuous variables with mortality risk of liver transplantation in Iran: a retrospective cohort study.

Kazemimajd, Somayeh / Roshanaei, Ghodratollah / Tapak, Leili

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 404

Abstract: Liver transplantation is the second most common solid organ transplant and the best option for liver failure. Of course, patient survival after transplantation depends on many risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and non- ... ...

Abstract	Liver transplantation is the second most common solid organ transplant and the best option for liver failure. Of course, patient survival after transplantation depends on many risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and non-linear effects of continuous risk factors on patient survival after liver transplantation. This retrospective cohort study (n = 3148) used data on liver transplantation in Iran (2004-2019). A generalized additive model with spatial effects and non-linear effects of age and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score variables by penalized spline was used. The majority of patients were male (63.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 42.65 (13.31) and a mean (SD) MELD score of 24.43 (6.72). The 1, 5, and 10-year survival rates were 88.2%, 84.6%, and 82.5% respectively. The non-linear effect showed a steeper slope of the age effect on the hazard of death after the age of 50 (p < 0.05), and the MELD score had a direct but non-linear relationship with the hazard of death (p < 0.05). In the spatial pattern, the provinces with a greater distance from the transplant center had significantly fewer old patients than other provinces. Also, more distant provinces with an older transplant age had higher post-transplant mortality rates. Our study showed that it is better to take age and MELD score into account in postoperative care. The spatial pattern of mortality risk reflects inequalities in access to transplantation and public health services after transplantation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Liver Transplantation ; End Stage Liver Disease/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Iran/epidemiology ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-50808-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spatial inequalities and non-linear association of continuous variables with mortality risk of liver transplantation in Iran

Somayeh Kazemimajd / Ghodratollah Roshanaei / Leili Tapak

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a retrospective cohort study

2024 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Liver transplantation is the second most common solid organ transplant and the best option for liver failure. Of course, patient survival after transplantation depends on many risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Liver transplantation is the second most common solid organ transplant and the best option for liver failure. Of course, patient survival after transplantation depends on many risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and non-linear effects of continuous risk factors on patient survival after liver transplantation. This retrospective cohort study (n = 3148) used data on liver transplantation in Iran (2004–2019). A generalized additive model with spatial effects and non-linear effects of age and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score variables by penalized spline was used. The majority of patients were male (63.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 42.65 (13.31) and a mean (SD) MELD score of 24.43 (6.72). The 1, 5, and 10-year survival rates were 88.2%, 84.6%, and 82.5% respectively. The non-linear effect showed a steeper slope of the age effect on the hazard of death after the age of 50 (p < 0.05), and the MELD score had a direct but non-linear relationship with the hazard of death (p < 0.05). In the spatial pattern, the provinces with a greater distance from the transplant center had significantly fewer old patients than other provinces. Also, more distant provinces with an older transplant age had higher post-transplant mortality rates. Our study showed that it is better to take age and MELD score into account in postoperative care. The spatial pattern of mortality risk reflects inequalities in access to transplantation and public health services after transplantation.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: In-depth analysis to develop a social marketing model to promote women's participation in waste segregation behaviour: A qualitative study.

Moeini, Babak / Barati, Majid / Khazaei, Mohammad / Tapak, Leili / Hashemian, Maryam

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) e28690

Abstract: Waste separation is one of the key factors in managing solid waste and creating a healthy environment. Waste separation at source has always been associated with challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the perceptions of housewives ... ...

Abstract	Waste separation is one of the key factors in managing solid waste and creating a healthy environment. Waste separation at source has always been associated with challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the perceptions of housewives and related parties regarding the factors that influence waste separation behaviour and to identify approaches to improve behaviour based on the social marketing framework. This study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis in Amol City in 2022. The data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. A total of 25 housewives were selected as main participants and 5 stakeholders through purposive selection. The results of the study included lack of awareness of recyclable materials (product), personal, family and environmental barriers (price), lack of doorstep collection of dry waste (place), and lack of use of appropriate technology (promotion). The lack of financial resources, inappropriate political measures and the coronavirus pandemic were also the causes of this challenge. Most participants cited environmental and educational deficits as the main reason for not separating waste. It is possible to improve waste sorting behaviour at source through appropriate behavioural interventions at the individual, social and environmental levels. Researchers can use the results of this study to design, implement and evaluate waste segregation intervention programmes for housewives.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28690
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Article: Relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors among Iranian nurses.

Moez, Behzad Sirousi / Sadeghi, Amir / Tapak, Leili / Purfarzad, Zahra

BMC nursing

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 262

Abstract: Background: Despite the numerous studies conducted on workplace spirituality, there is still lack of studies that have explored the relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors. This ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the numerous studies conducted on workplace spirituality, there is still lack of studies that have explored the relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors. This study aims to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors among Iranian nurses. Methods: 236 nurses from 5 hospitals participated in this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study from August to December 2022. Data was gathered by four questionnaires: demographic information, workplace spirituality, organization-based self-steam, and workplace deviant behaviors. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26 based on descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent Two-sample t Test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression). Results: Based on the findings, nurses had a moderate level of perception of workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem while having a low level of perception regarding the occurrence of workplace deviate behaviors. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem. Additionally, there was an inverse and significant relationship between workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem with workplace deviant behaviors. Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that by controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses, the meaningful work and sense of community have a significant relationship with organization-based self-esteem. Furthermore, by controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses, permanent employment status, sense of community, alignment with the organization's values, and organization-based self-esteem have a significant relationship with workplace deviant behavior. Conclusions: The study suggests that organizations must prioritize promoting workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem to ensure a healthy work environment and prevent workplace deviant behaviors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091496-9
ISSN	1472-6955
ISSN	1472-6955
DOI	10.1186/s12912-024-01908-x
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Article: Introducing novel key genes and transcription factors associated with rectal cancer response to chemoradiation through co-expression network analysis.

Afshar, Saeid / Leili, Tapak / Amini, Payam / Dinu, Irina

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e18869

Abstract: Preoperative radiochemotherapy is a promising therapeutic method for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. However, the response of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to preoperative radiotherapy varies widely. In this study, we aimed to identify novel ... ...

Abstract	Preoperative radiochemotherapy is a promising therapeutic method for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. However, the response of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to preoperative radiotherapy varies widely. In this study, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers that could predict the response of colorectal tumors to treatment using a systems biology approach. We applied the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to construct co-expression networks and evaluated the correlation of these networks with radiation using the module-trait relationship. We then identified hub genes and related transcription factors in the selected co-expression module. Our analysis of seven constructed modules revealed that one module, which contained 113 nodes and 6066 edges, had the strongest correlation with radiation effects on CRC (correlation = 0.85; p-value = 6e-7). By analyzing the selected module with the CytoHubba plugin, we identified four hub genes, including ZEB2, JAM2, NDN, and PPAP2A. We also identified seven important transcription factors, including KLF4, SUZ12, TCF4, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, and SMARCA4, which may play essential roles in regulating the four hub genes. In summary, our findings suggest that ZEB2, JAM2, NDN, and PPAP2A, along with the seven transcription factors related to these hub genes, may be associated with the response of colorectal tumors to chemoradiotherapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18869
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Article: Evaluating the Outcome of an Unnecessary Request for CT Scan in Be'sat Hospital of Hamadan.

Khosravi, Hossein / Hamidi, Mohammad / Nikzad, Safoora / Tapak, Leili

Radiology research and practice

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 3709015

Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unnecessary tests requested in Be'sat Hospital in Hamadan.: Materials and methods: This descriptive research was conducted in order to investigate the frequency of unnecessary requests for CT scan ...

Abstract	Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unnecessary tests requested in Be'sat Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and methods: This descriptive research was conducted in order to investigate the frequency of unnecessary requests for CT scan and radiography of patients referring to the imaging department of Be'sat Hospital in Hamadan in a 4- to 6-month period. Patient information, including gender, age, type of CT scan test, the reason for requesting the test, the expertise of the requesting physician, and the result of the radiologist's report on each test, was extracted and collected. Results: A total of 1000 CT scans were evaluated. The mean age of these patients was about 36 years and most of them were men. The highest and lowest percentages of unnecessary cases were related to CT scans of the brain (42.3%) and facial bones (2.3%), respectively. The most and the least unnecessary CT scans based on the reason given for the request were related to multiple physical trauma (30.7%) and chronic kidney disease (1.5%), respectively. Conclusion: In all tests, over 74% of the reports were unnecessary and less than 26% were necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce unnecessary requests to reduce the radiation dose of patients. Also, the knowledge of doctors should be increased in the field of appropriate evaluation of CT scan tests based on clinical guidelines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2594649-3
ISSN	2090-195X ; 2090-1941
ISSN (online)	2090-195X
ISSN	2090-1941
DOI	10.1155/2023/3709015
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Outcome of an Unnecessary Request for CT Scan in Be’sat Hospital of Hamadan

Hossein Khosravi / Mohammad Hamidi / Safoora Nikzad / Leili Tapak

Radiology Research and Practice, Vol

2023 Volume 2023

Abstract: Aim. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unnecessary tests requested in Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and Methods. This descriptive research was conducted in order to investigate the frequency of unnecessary requests for CT scan and ... ...

Abstract	Aim. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unnecessary tests requested in Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and Methods. This descriptive research was conducted in order to investigate the frequency of unnecessary requests for CT scan and radiography of patients referring to the imaging department of Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan in a 4- to 6-month period. Patient information, including gender, age, type of CT scan test, the reason for requesting the test, the expertise of the requesting physician, and the result of the radiologist’s report on each test, was extracted and collected. Results. A total of 1000 CT scans were evaluated. The mean age of these patients was about 36 years and most of them were men. The highest and lowest percentages of unnecessary cases were related to CT scans of the brain (42.3%) and facial bones (2.3%), respectively. The most and the least unnecessary CT scans based on the reason given for the request were related to multiple physical trauma (30.7%) and chronic kidney disease (1.5%), respectively. Conclusion. In all tests, over 74% of the reports were unnecessary and less than 26% were necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce unnecessary requests to reduce the radiation dose of patients. Also, the knowledge of doctors should be increased in the field of appropriate evaluation of CT scan tests based on clinical guidelines.
Keywords	Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Variable Selection for Recurrent Events Using Heuristic Approaches

Mahya Arayeshgari / Leili Tapak / Sharareh Parami / Behnaz Alafchi

Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Vol 9, Iss

Identifying Informative Variables for Rehospitalization in Schizophrenia Patients

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Introduction: Recurrent event data, as a generalization of survival data, are frequently observed in various areas of medical research, including sequential hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia. As experiencing multiple relapses during ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Recurrent event data, as a generalization of survival data, are frequently observed in various areas of medical research, including sequential hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia. As experiencing multiple relapses during schizophrenia can have many implications, such as self-harm or harm to others, loss of education or employment, or other adverse outcomes, identifying and determining the most critical factors related to relapses in this disorder is essential. This study aimed to utilize heuristic approaches for selecting predictor variables in the field of recurrent events with an application to schizophrenia disorder. Methods: A two-step algorithm was employed to apply a combination of two variable selection methods, recursive feature elimination (RFE) and genetic algorithm feature selection (GAFS), and four modeling techniques: Gradient boosting (GB), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) to simulated recurrent event datasets. Results: In most simulation scenarios, the results indicated that the combination of RFE and RF applied to the deviance residual (DR) outperforms the other methods. The RFE-RF-DR selected the following predictor variables: Number of children, age, marital status, and history of substance abuse. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the proposed machine learning-based model is a promising technique for selecting predictor variables associated with a recurrent outcome when analyzing multivariate time-to-event data with recurrent events.
Keywords	machine learning ; gradient boosting ; deviance ; recurrent event data ; variable importance ; ‎schizophrenia ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Probabilities. Mathematical statistics ; QA273-280
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Barriers to Treatment Adherence Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

Maghsoudi, Zahra / Sadeghi, Amir / Oshvandi, Khodayar / Ebadi, Abbas / Tapak, Leili

Journal of gerontological nursing

2023 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–49

Abstract: The current qualitative study aimed to determine the barriers to treatment adherence among older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study was performed using a content analysis approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 older adults ...

Abstract	The current qualitative study aimed to determine the barriers to treatment adherence among older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study was performed using a content analysis approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 older adults with T2D between May and September 2021. Data were organized using MAXQDA-10 software and analyzed using the Elo and Kyngäs qualitative content analysis method. Three themes emerged from the analysis:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Treatment Adherence and Compliance ; Health Personnel ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603140-7
ISSN	0098-9134
ISSN	0098-9134
DOI	10.3928/00989134-20221206-04
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Article ; Online: Effects of wearing medical gowns at different temperatures on the physiological responses of female healthcare workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Zand, Sepideh / Motlagh, Masoud Shafiee / Golmohammadi, Rostam / Aliabadi, Mohsen / Tapak, Leili / Babamiri, Mohammad

Work (Reading, Mass.)

2024

Abstract: Background: Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges.: Objective: This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological ... ...

Abstract	Background: Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges. Objective: This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological responses of female HCWs when using two typical medical gowns at different temperatures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twenty healthy female HCWs participated in this study. Participants wore two types of medical gowns: Spunbond gown (SG) and laminate gown (LG). They walked on a treadmill in a controlled climate chamber for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (24, 28, and 32°C). Heart rate (HR), skin surface temperature (ST), clothing surface temperature (CT), ear temperature (ET), blood oxygen percentage (SaO2), galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure were measured before and after walking on a treadmill. The study's results were analyzed using SPSS26. Results: The study found that LG led to an average increase of 0.575°C in CT compared to SG at the same temperatures (P < 0.03). The average HR increased by 6.5 bpm in LG at 28°C compared to SG at a comfortable temperature (P = 0.01). The average ET in SG and GSR in LG at 32°C increased by 0.39°C and 0.25μS, respectively, compared to the comfortable temperature (P < 0.02). Conclusion: The study recommends maintaining a comfortable temperature range in hospitals to prevent physiological challenges among HCWs wearing medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19. This is important because using LG, compared to SG, at high temperatures can increase HR, ET, CT, and GSR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1394194-x
ISSN	1875-9270 ; 1051-9815
ISSN (online)	1875-9270
ISSN	1051-9815
DOI	10.3233/WOR-230360
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