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Article ; Online: Tolerance development in cow's milk-allergic children receiving amino acid-based formula with synbiotics: 36-Months follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (PRESTO Study).

Chatchatee, Pantipa / Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna / Lange, Lars / Benjaponpitak, Suwat / Chong, Kok W / Sangsupawanich, Pasuree / Eussen, Simone R B M / van Ampting, Marleen T J / Oude Nijhuis, Manon M / Langford, Jane E / Trendelenburg, Valerie / Pesek, Robert / Davis, Carla M / Muraro, Antonella / Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, Michel / Fox, Adam T / Michaelis, Louise J / Beyer, Kirsten

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

2024 Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 699–703

Abstract: The objective of the present study is to assess the rates of acquired tolerance to cow's milk (CM) after 36 months in subjects who consumed amino acid-based formula with synbiotics (AAF-S) or amino acid-based formula without synbiotics (AAF) during a 1- ... ...

Abstract	The objective of the present study is to assess the rates of acquired tolerance to cow's milk (CM) after 36 months in subjects who consumed amino acid-based formula with synbiotics (AAF-S) or amino acid-based formula without synbiotics (AAF) during a 1-year intervention period in early life as part of the PRESTO study (Netherlands Trial Register number NTR3725). Differences in CM tolerance development between groups were analysed using a logistic regression model. Results show that the proportion of subjects (mean [±SD] age, 3.8 ± 0.27 years) who developed CM tolerance after 36 months was similar in the group receiving AAF-S (47/60 [78%]) and in the group receiving AAF (49/66 [74%]) (p = 0.253), that is, figures comparable to natural outgrowth of CM allergy. Our data suggest that the consumption of AAF and absence of exposure to CM peptides do not slow down CM tolerance acquisition.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Synbiotics ; Milk ; Follow-Up Studies ; Amino Acids ; Infant Formula ; Milk Hypersensitivity/prevention & control ; Allergens
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603201-1
ISSN	1536-4801 ; 0277-2116
ISSN (online)	1536-4801
ISSN	0277-2116
DOI	10.1002/jpn3.12104
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Article ; Online: Predictors of disease progression in HIV infection: a review.

Langford, Simone E / Ananworanich, Jintanat / Cooper, David A

AIDS research and therapy

2007 Volume 4, Page(s) 11

Abstract: During the extended clinically latent period associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection the virus itself is far from latent. This phase of infection generally comes to an end with the development of symptomatic illness. Understanding ... ...

Abstract	During the extended clinically latent period associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection the virus itself is far from latent. This phase of infection generally comes to an end with the development of symptomatic illness. Understanding the factors affecting disease progression can aid treatment commencement and therapeutic monitoring decisions. An example of this is the clear utility of CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-RNA for disease stage and progression assessment. Elements of the immune response such as the diversity of HIV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses and cell-surface CD38 expression correlate significantly with the control of viral replication. However, the relationship between soluble markers of immune activation and disease progression remains inconclusive. In patients on treatment, sustained virological rebound to >10,000 copies/mL is associated with poor clinical outcome. However, the same is not true of transient elevations of HIV RNA (blips). Another virological factor, drug resistance, is becoming a growing problem around the globe and monitoring must play a part in the surveillance and control of the epidemic worldwide. The links between chemokine receptor tropism and rate of disease progression remain uncertain and the clinical utility of monitoring viral strain is yet to be determined. The large number of confounding factors has made investigation of the roles of race and viral subtype difficult, and further research is needed to elucidate their significance. Host factors such as age, HLA and CYP polymorphisms and psychosocial factors remain important, though often unalterable, predictors of disease progression. Although gender and mode of transmission have a lesser role in disease progression, they may impact other markers such as viral load. Finally, readily measurable markers of disease such as total lymphocyte count, haemoglobin, body mass index and delayed type hypersensitivity may come into favour as ART becomes increasingly available in resource-limited parts of the world. The influence of these, and other factors, on the clinical progression of HIV infection are reviewed in detail, both preceding and following treatment initiation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2173450-1
ISSN	1742-6405 ; 1742-6405
ISSN (online)	1742-6405
ISSN	1742-6405
DOI	10.1186/1742-6405-4-11
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and public health implications of state laws that criminalize potential HIV exposure in the United States.

Lehman, J Stan / Carr, Meredith H / Nichol, Allison J / Ruisanchez, Alberto / Knight, David W / Langford, Anne E / Gray, Simone C / Mermin, Jonathan H

AIDS and behavior

2014 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 997–1006

Abstract: For the past three decades, legislative approaches to prevent HIV transmission have been used at the national, state, and local levels. One punitive legislative approach has been enactment of laws that criminalize behaviors associated with HIV exposure ( ... ...

Abstract	For the past three decades, legislative approaches to prevent HIV transmission have been used at the national, state, and local levels. One punitive legislative approach has been enactment of laws that criminalize behaviors associated with HIV exposure (HIV-specific criminal laws). In the USA, HIV-specific criminal laws have largely been shaped by state laws. These laws impose criminal penalties on persons who know they have HIV and subsequently engage in certain behaviors, most commonly sexual activity without prior disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus. These laws have been subject to intense public debate. Using public health law research methods, data from the legal database WestlawNext© were analyzed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of laws that criminalize potential HIV exposure in the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia) and to examine the implications of these laws for public health practice. The first state laws were enacted in 1986; as of 2011 a total of 67 laws had been enacted in 33 states. By 1995, nearly two-thirds of all laws had been enacted; by 2000, 85 % of laws had been enacted; and since 2000, an additional 10 laws have been enacted. Twenty-four states require persons who are aware that they have HIV to disclose their status to sexual partners and 14 states require disclosure to needle-sharing partners. Twenty-five states criminalize one or more behaviors that pose a low or negligible risk for HIV transmission. Nearly two-thirds of states in the USA have legislation that criminalizes potential HIV exposure. Many of these laws criminalize behaviors that pose low or negligible risk for HIV transmission. The majority of laws were passed before studies showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV transmission risk and most laws do not account for HIV prevention measures that reduce transmission risk, such as condom use, ART, or pre-exposure prophylaxis. States with HIV-specific criminal laws are encouraged to use the findings of this paper to re-examine those laws, assess the laws' alignment with current evidence regarding HIV transmission risk, and consider whether the laws are the best vehicle to achieve their intended purposes.
MeSH term(s)	Contact Tracing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Criminal Law ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/legislation & jurisprudence ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Duty to Warn ; Federal Government ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Male ; Needle Sharing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Self Disclosure ; Sexual Behavior ; Truth Disclosure ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1339885-4
ISSN	1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
ISSN (online)	1573-3254
ISSN	1090-7165
DOI	10.1007/s10461-014-0724-0
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Article ; Online: Predictors of disease progression in HIV infection

Ananworanich Jintanat / Langford Simone E / Cooper David A

AIDS Research and Therapy, Vol 4, Iss 1, p

a review

2007 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract During the extended clinically latent period associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection the virus itself is far from latent. This phase of infection generally comes to an end with the development of symptomatic illness. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract During the extended clinically latent period associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection the virus itself is far from latent. This phase of infection generally comes to an end with the development of symptomatic illness. Understanding the factors affecting disease progression can aid treatment commencement and therapeutic monitoring decisions. An example of this is the clear utility of CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-RNA for disease stage and progression assessment. Elements of the immune response such as the diversity of HIV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses and cell-surface CD38 expression correlate significantly with the control of viral replication. However, the relationship between soluble markers of immune activation and disease progression remains inconclusive. In patients on treatment, sustained virological rebound to >10 000 copies/mL is associated with poor clinical outcome. However, the same is not true of transient elevations of HIV RNA (blips). Another virological factor, drug resistance, is becoming a growing problem around the globe and monitoring must play a part in the surveillance and control of the epidemic worldwide. The links between chemokine receptor tropism and rate of disease progression remain uncertain and the clinical utility of monitoring viral strain is yet to be determined. The large number of confounding factors has made investigation of the roles of race and viral subtype difficult, and further research is needed to elucidate their significance. Host factors such as age, HLA and CYP polymorphisms and psychosocial factors remain important, though often unalterable, predictors of disease progression. Although gender and mode of transmission have a lesser role in disease progression, they may impact other markers such as viral load. Finally, readily measurable markers of disease such as total lymphocyte count, haemoglobin, body mass index and delayed type hypersensitivity may come into favour as ART becomes increasingly available in resource-limited parts of the world. The influence of these, and other factors, on the clinical progression of HIV infection are reviewed in detail, both preceding and following treatment initiation.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Allergy and Immunology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method

Joshi, Rutambhara / Liu, Dantong / Nemitz, Eiko / Langford, Ben / Mullinger, Neil / Squires, Freya / Lee, James / Wu, Yunfei / Pan, Xiaole / Fu, Pingqing / Kotthaus, Simone / Grimmond, Sue / Zhang, Qiang / Wu, Ruili / Wild, Oliver / Flynn, Michael / Coe, Hugh / Allan, James

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract: Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources are critical for effective policymaking and achieving the ... ...

Abstract	Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources are critical for effective policymaking and achieving the desired reduction in air pollution. In this study, we present the first direct measurements of urban BC fluxes using eddy covariance. The measurements were made over Beijing within the UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) winter 2016 and summer 2017 campaigns. In both seasons, the mean measured BC mass (winter: 5.49 ng m −2 s −1 , summer: 6.10 ng m −2 s −1 ) and number fluxes (winter: 261.25 particles cm −2 s −1 , summer: 334.37 particles cm −2 s −1 ) were similar. Traffic was determined to be the dominant source of the BC fluxes measured during both seasons. The total BC emissions within the 2013 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) are on average too high compared to measured fluxes by a factor of 58.8 (winter) and 47.2 (summer). Only a comparison with the MEIC transport sector shows that emissions are also larger (factor of 37.5 in winter and 37.7 in summer) than the measured flux. Emission ratios of BC ∕ NO x and BC ∕ CO are comparable to vehicular emission control standards implemented in January 2017 for gasoline (China 5) and diesel (China V) engines, indicating a reduction of BC emissions within central Beijing, and extending this to a larger area would further reduce total BC concentrations.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-08
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy-covariance method

eISSN: 1680-7324

2020

Abstract: Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment, and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources is critical for effective policymaking and achieving the ... ...

Abstract	Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment, and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources is critical for effective policymaking and achieving the desired reduction in air pollution. In this study, we present the first direct measurements of urban BC fluxes using eddy-covariance. The measurements were made over Beijing within the UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) winter 2016 and summer 2017 campaigns. In both seasons, the mean measured BC mass (winter: 5.49 ng m −2 s −1 , summer: 6.10 ng m −2 s −1 ) and number fluxes (winter: 261.25 particles cm −2 s −1 , summer: 334.37 particles cm −2 s −1 ) were similar. Traffic was determined to be the dominant source of the BC fluxes measured during both seasons. The total BC emissions within the 2013 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) are on average too high compared to measured fluxes by a factor of 58.8 (winter) and 47.2 (summer). Comparison of MEIC transport sector only are also larger (factor winter: 37.5, summer: 37.7) than the measured flux. Emission ratios of BC/NO x and BC/CO are comparable to vehicular emission control standards implemented in January 2017 for gasoline (China 5) and diesel (China V) engines, indicating reduction of BC emissions within central Beijing and extending this to a larger area would further reduce total BC concentrations.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-15
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Female mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice exhibit hyperactivity and a reduced sense of danger in the open field test.

Langford-Smith, Alex / Langford-Smith, Kia J / Jones, Simon A / Wynn, Robert F / Wraith, J E / Wilkinson, Fiona L / Bigger, Brian W

PloS one

2011 Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) e25717

Abstract: Reliable behavioural tests in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases allow us to study the natural history of disease and evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA or Sanfilippo A), is a severe, neurodegenerative ...

Abstract	Reliable behavioural tests in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases allow us to study the natural history of disease and evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA or Sanfilippo A), is a severe, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the heparan sulphate catabolising enzyme, sulfamidase. Undegraded heparan sulphate accumulates, resulting in lysosomal enlargement and cellular dysfunction. Patients suffer a progressive loss of motor and cognitive function with severe behavioural manifestations and premature death. There is currently no treatment. A spontaneously occurring mouse model of the disease has been described, that has approximately 3% of normal enzyme activity levels. Behavioural phenotyping of the MPS IIIA mouse has been previously reported, but the results are conflicting and variable, even after full backcrossing to the C57BL/6 background. Therefore we have independently backcrossed the MPS IIIA model onto the C57BL/6J background and evaluated the behaviour of male and female MPS IIIA mice at 4, 6 and 8 months of age using the open field test, elevated plus maze, inverted screen and horizontal bar crossing at the same circadian time point. Using a 60 minute open field, we have demonstrated that female MPS IIIA mice are hyperactive, have a longer path length, display rapid exploratory behaviour and spend less time immobile than WT mice. Female MPS IIIA mice also display a reduced sense of danger and spend more time in the centre of the open field. There were no significant differences found between male WT and MPS IIIA mice and no differences in neuromuscular strength were seen with either sex. The altered natural history of behaviour that we observe in the MPS IIIA mouse will allow more accurate evaluation of novel therapeutics for MPS IIIA and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Circadian Rhythm ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Fear ; Female ; Hyperkinesis/complications ; Hyperkinesis/physiopathology ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Maze Learning/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucopolysaccharidosis III/complications ; Mucopolysaccharidosis III/physiopathology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0025717
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Article ; Online: Age and Smoking Related Changes in Metal Ion Levels in Human Lens: Implications for Cataract Formation.

Langford-Smith, Alex / Tilakaratna, Viranga / Lythgoe, Paul R / Clark, Simon J / Bishop, Paul N / Day, Anthony J

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e0147576

Abstract: ... with cataract). These changes in metal ions, i.e. that occur as a consequence of normal ageing and of smoking ...

Abstract	Age-related cataract formation is the primary cause of blindness worldwide and although treatable by surgical removal of the lens the majority of sufferers have neither the finances nor access to the medical facilities required. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cataract may identify new therapeutic targets to prevent or slow its progression. Cataract incidence is strongly correlated with age and cigarette smoking, factors that are often associated with accumulation of metal ions in other tissues. Therefore this study evaluated the age-related changes in 14 metal ions in 32 post mortem human lenses without known cataract from donors of 11 to 82 years of age by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; smoking-related changes in 10 smokers verses 14 non-smokers were also analysed. A significant age-related increase in selenium and decrease in copper ions was observed for the first time in the lens tissue, where cadmium ion levels were also increased as has been seen previously. Aluminium and vanadium ions were found to be increased in smokers compared to non-smokers (an analysis that has only been carried out before in lenses with cataract). These changes in metal ions, i.e. that occur as a consequence of normal ageing and of smoking, could contribute to cataract formation via induction of oxidative stress pathways, modulation of extracellular matrix structure/function and cellular toxicity. Thus, this study has identified novel changes in metal ions in human lens that could potentially drive the pathology of cataract formation.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/pathology ; Cataract/etiology ; Cataract/metabolism ; Child ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/drug effects ; Lens, Crystalline/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metals/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Metals
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0147576
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Article: Haemophilus influenzae microarrays: virulence and vaccines.

Ali, Tahir R / Kroll, J Simon / Langford, Paul R

Comparative and functional genomics

2008 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 358–361

Abstract: ... certain virulence-related genes, e.g. those involved in LPS synthesis, and also essential genes, but there ...

Abstract	In 1995 the genome sequence of the Haemophilus influenzae KW20 (Rd) strain was published, the first available for a free-living organism. The genome has been invaluable in global strategies to identify certain virulence-related genes, e.g. those involved in LPS synthesis, and also essential genes, but there is a paucity of wholegenome transcriptome studies. We have now constructed a whole-genome array consisting of genes from Rd, additional genes identified in other strains of H. influenzae and controls (from eukaryotic sources and other bacteria). We intend to use this array in studies aimed at understanding the bacterium's basic metabolism and its response to changing environments; deciphering global regulatory networks (by comparison of wild-type and mutant strains); and identifying genes expressed in vivo. The use of H. influenzae DNA arrays combined with proteomic approaches will enhance our understanding of the metabolism and virulence of the organism. Additionally, the genome sequence of a non-typable H. influenzae strain is in progress. The sequence from this isolate will be invaluable not only in identifying potential novel antibiotic targets and putative vaccine candidates but also in the design of a microarray for genome-typing purposes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07-16
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043139-9
ISSN	1532-6268 ; 1531-6912
ISSN (online)	1532-6268
ISSN	1531-6912
DOI	10.1002/cfg.194
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Zs.A 5880: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Australian and Pacific contributions to the genetic diversity of Norfolk Island feral chickens.

Langford S, Shannan M / Kraitsek, Spiridoula / Baskerville, Bruce / Ho, Simon Y W / Gongora, Jaime

BMC genetics

2013 Volume 14, Page(s) 91

Abstract: ... of the Norfolk Island haplotypes fall within haplogroup E, but given the worldwide distribution of this haplogroup ... mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (D and E) have contributed to the genetic make-up of Norfolk Island feral chickens ...

Abstract	Background: Norfolk Island has a population of feral chickens which could be the result of domestic stock introduced onto the island by British settlers in 1788. However, there is ongoing debate about their origins because multiple human arrivals to the island may have brought chickens with them. Here we investigate the genetic origins of these feral chickens by sequencing their mitochondrial control region. We infer their phylogenetic relationships using a large dataset of novel sequences from Australian mainland domestic chickens and published sequences from around the world. Results: Eleven control region haplotypes were found among the Norfolk Island feral and Australian mainland domestic chickens. Six of the Norfolk Island haplotypes fall within haplogroup E, but given the worldwide distribution of this haplogroup, the putative European origin of these chickens requires further investigation. One haplotype common among Norfolk Island and Australian samples belonged to a subgroup of haplogroup D, which appears to be restricted to chickens from Indonesia, Vanuatu and Guam. Conclusions: Our data show that at least two mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (D and E) have contributed to the genetic make-up of Norfolk Island feral chickens. In addition, we have provided insights into the discrete geographical distribution and diversity of the chicken haplogroup D. In view of the worldwide interest in the characterisation of poultry resources, further assessment of chicken populations of Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific region is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia ; Chickens/classification ; Chickens/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry ; DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Haplotypes ; Melanesia ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2156
ISSN (online)	1471-2156
DOI	10.1186/1471-2156-14-91
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