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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitude, and readiness of pharmacists toward medication therapy management for patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional quantitative study.

Al-Dujaili, Zahraa / Hallit, Souheil / Al Faraj, Achraf

International journal of clinical pharmacy

2023 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 1277–1285

Abstract: Background: Medication Therapy Management (MTM) is a patient-centered service that optimizes drug therapy, improves clinical outcomes, and enhances quality of life. Pharmacists play a critical role in MTM services and provide comprehensive medication ... ...

Abstract	Background: Medication Therapy Management (MTM) is a patient-centered service that optimizes drug therapy, improves clinical outcomes, and enhances quality of life. Pharmacists play a critical role in MTM services and provide comprehensive medication management for patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and readiness of Iraqi community pharmacists regarding MTM services for ADHD patients. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 Iraqi pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Baghdad. Data were collected using a pre-validated, self-administered questionnaire with 34 items. Results: Results showed that only 127 (26.5%) pharmacists had good knowledge, 146 (30.4%) had good attitude, and 148 (30.8%) had high readiness regarding MTM services in ADHD patients. Multivariate analyses showed that a higher number of hours worked per week in the hospital was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of high attitude, whereas practicing MTM services, high knowledge, and high attitude were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of high readiness. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that knowledge, attitudes, and readiness for MTM services for ADHD patients are inadequate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective educational strategies to better prepare pharmacists for their potential role in the community, particularly for providing MTM services to ADHD patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Medication Therapy Management ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pharmacists ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Quality of Life ; Community Pharmacy Services ; Professional Role
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2601204-2
ISSN	2210-7711 ; 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
ISSN (online)	2210-7711
ISSN	2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
DOI	10.1007/s11096-023-01628-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing the accuracy and consistency of ChatGPT in clinical pharmacy management: A preliminary analysis with clinical pharmacy experts worldwide.

Al-Dujaili, Zahraa / Omari, Sarah / Pillai, Jey / Al Faraj, Achraf

Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP

2023 Volume 19, Issue 12, Page(s) 1590–1594

Abstract: Background: ChatGPT conversation system has ushered in a revolutionary new era of information retrieval and stands as one of the fastest-growing platforms. Clinical pharmacy, as a dynamic discipline, necessitates an advanced comprehension of drugs and ... ...

Abstract	Background: ChatGPT conversation system has ushered in a revolutionary new era of information retrieval and stands as one of the fastest-growing platforms. Clinical pharmacy, as a dynamic discipline, necessitates an advanced comprehension of drugs and diseases. The process of decision-making in clinical pharmacy demands accuracy and consistency in medical information, as it directly affects patient safety. Objective: The objective was to evaluate ChatGPT's accuracy and consistency in managing pharmacotherapy cases across multiple time points. Additionally, input was gathered from global clinical pharmacy experts, and the agreement between ChatGPT's responses and those of clinical pharmacy experts worldwide was assessed. Methods: A set of 20 cases of pharmacotherapy was entered into ChatGPT at three different time points. Reliability analysis was performed using inter-rater reliability to measure the accuracy of the output generated by ChatGPT at each time point. Test-retest reliability was performed to measure the consistency of the output generated by ChatGPT across the three time points. Pharmacy expert performance was evaluated, and the overall results were compared. Results: ChatGPT achieved a hit rate of 70.83% at week 1, 79.2% at week 3, and 75% at week 5. The percent agreement between weeks 1 and 3 was 79.2%, whereas it was 87.5% between weeks 3 and 5, and 83.3% between weeks 1 and 5. In contrast, accuracy rates among clinical pharmacy experts showed considerable variation according to their geographic location. The highest agreement between clinical pharmacist responses and ChatGPT responses was observed at the last time point examined. Conclusions: Overall, the analysis suggested that ChatGPT is capable of generating clinically relevant pharmaceutical information, albeit with some variation in accuracy and consistency. It should be noted that clinical pharmacy experts worldwide may provide varying degrees of accuracy depending on their expertise. This study highlights the potential of AI chatbots in clinical pharmacy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192059-X
ISSN	1934-8150 ; 1551-7411
ISSN (online)	1934-8150
ISSN	1551-7411
DOI	10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.08.012
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Article ; Online: Detection of Radiolabeled Inflammatory Cell Macrophage Subpopulations in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Results from Preliminary Analyses.

Shaik, Abjal Pasha / Shaik, Asma Sultana / Abudawood, Manal / Al Faraj, Achraf

BioMed research international

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 9470845

Abstract: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are immune cells that exist in different polarization states/ ... ...

Abstract	Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are immune cells that exist in different polarization states/phenotypes and have been shown to play a critical role during an inflammatory process. In this paper, differently polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM (M1-proinflammatory or M2-immunomodulator)) were radiolabeled with either 99mTc-D,L-hexamethylene-propyleneamine oxime (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Citrates ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glucose ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Citrates ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D) ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime (3B744AG22N) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2022/9470845
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Article ; Online: Cross-sectional study of the knowledge, perception and attitude of first-year university students in Iraq towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and COVID-19 vaccines.

Abed, Mostafa / Al Omari, Sarah / Mourad, Rida / Al Faraj, Achraf

BMJ open

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) e064301

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to first assess the knowledge and perception of first-year university students in Iraq about COVID-19 in general and SARS-CoV-2 latest variant of concern, and to evaluate the attitudes towards protection measures ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of this study was to first assess the knowledge and perception of first-year university students in Iraq about COVID-19 in general and SARS-CoV-2 latest variant of concern, and to evaluate the attitudes towards protection measures including vaccination. Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly enrolled students at the American University of Iraq-Baghdad. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to test an association between the outcomes measured on a 5-point Likert scale and the binary and the categorical independent variables, respectively. χ Participants: Students (n=432) were invited to fill out a survey specifically tailored to assess their knowledge, perception and attitude towards Omicron variant and COVID-19 vaccines acceptance. 363 students enrolled in various majors participated in this study. Results: Assessment of COVID-19 knowledge and perception revealed that students still lack reliable info and data about FDA-approved treatment options (70.5%), SARS-CoV-2 variants (96.5%) and approved vaccines. Students' attitude and practices towards recommended safety measures should be reassessed to better manage the pandemic. Adherence level was shown to be associated with the belief in its capacity to effectively manage the new variant. Interestingly, 85% of the students have received at least one dose of approved vaccine. A significant positive correlation was detected between the level of adherence to recommended precautions and the intention to take a third booster shot if proven effective. Conclusions: Students' reliable knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic including the various strains and approved vaccines should be improved to better manage the pandemic and set foundations for a more appropriate approach when another pandemic occurs. Special workshops should be organised to ensure that students and the public have a more trusted source of information about COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Universities ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Iraq ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Students ; Vaccines ; Perception
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064301
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Article ; Online: siRNA Conjugated Nanoparticles-A Next Generation Strategy to Treat Lung Cancer.

Itani, Rasha / Al Faraj, Achraf

International journal of molecular sciences

2019 Volume 20, Issue 23

Abstract: Despite major progress in both therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, lung cancer is still considered the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world due to the ineffectiveness of the classical treatments used nowadays. Luckily, the discovery of small ...

Abstract	Despite major progress in both therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, lung cancer is still considered the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world due to the ineffectiveness of the classical treatments used nowadays. Luckily, the discovery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) planted hope in the hearts of scientists and patients worldwide as a new breakthrough in the world of oncology and a robust tool for finally curing cancer. However, the valuable siRNA must be protected and preserved to ensure the effectiveness of this gene therapy, thus nanoparticles are gaining more attention than previous years as the optimal carriers for this fragile molecule. siRNA-loaded nanoparticles are being extensively investigated to find the appropriate formulation, combination, and delivery route with one objective in mind-successfully overcoming all possible limitations shown in clinical studies and making full use of this novel technique to become the next generation treatment to wipe out many chronic diseases, including cancer. In this review, the benefits of using siRNA and nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment will be globally reviewed before discussing why and how nanoparticles and siRNA can be combined to achieve an efficient treatment of lung cancer for prospective clinical applications.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms20236088
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Article ; Online: SWCNTs as novel theranostic nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: towards safe translation to the clinics.

Al Faraj, Achraf

Nanomedicine (London, England)

2016 Volume 11, Issue 11, Page(s) 1431–1445

Abstract: With their unique physicochemical properties, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hold great promise for applications as drug delivery systems (DDS) for early and better diagnosis and therapy of cancer. While several in vitro and in vivo studies have ...

Abstract	With their unique physicochemical properties, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hold great promise for applications as drug delivery systems (DDS) for early and better diagnosis and therapy of cancer. While several in vitro and in vivo studies have validated their potential benefit, no SWCNT-based formulation has yet reached clinical trials. Towards prospective safe clinical applications, the main properties that were adopted to enhance the biocompatibility of SWCNTs were highlighted. Then, the recent progresses in the in vivo applications of SWCNTs as diagnostic nanoprobes using multimodality imaging techniques and as therapeutic nanocarriers delivering wide range of anticancer efficient drugs to tumors were reviewed. Finally, the efforts required for safe clinical applications of SWCNTs as DDS for cancer diagnosis and therapy were discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2277839-1
ISSN	1748-6963 ; 1743-5889
ISSN (online)	1748-6963
ISSN	1743-5889
DOI	10.2217/nnm-2016-0065
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Article ; Online: Optimizing use of theranostic nanoparticles as a life-saving strategy for treating COVID-19 patients.

Itani, Rasha / Tobaiqy, Mansour / Al Faraj, Achraf

Theranostics

2020 Volume 10, Issue 13, Page(s) 5932–5942

Abstract: ... On the ... ...

Abstract	On the 30
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Humans ; Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Viral Vaccines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592097-2
ISSN	1838-7640 ; 1838-7640
ISSN (online)	1838-7640
ISSN	1838-7640
DOI	10.7150/thno.46691
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Article: Correlation of Kidney Size on Computed Tomography with GFR, Creatinine and HbA1C for an Accurate Diagnosis of Patients with Diabetes and/or Chronic Kidney Disease.

Ghaith, Nashaat / Malaeb, Bassem / Itani, Rasha / Alnafea, Mohammed / Al Faraj, Achraf

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Diabetes is considered one of the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting renal blood vessels and nerves. Diagnosis of CKD by traditional biochemical serum and blood analyses is insufficient and insensitive, thus requiring the development ...

Abstract	Diabetes is considered one of the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting renal blood vessels and nerves. Diagnosis of CKD by traditional biochemical serum and blood analyses is insufficient and insensitive, thus requiring the development of a more robust technique. This novel study aims to propose a new method for the accurate diagnosis of CKD, quantification of kidney damage, and its prognosis by physicians by measuring the kidney volume on computed tomography (CT). In total, 251 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were divided into four groups: control, patients having diabetes, patients having CKD, and patients having both diabetes and CKD. Results showed that kidney volume correlated negatively with both GFR and HbA1C on CT images, in addition to decreasing faster in males than females. Moreover, HbA1C was shown to correlate positively with creatinine and negatively with GFR. Finally, GFR was more robust than creatinine when correlated with age. The association between kidney volume with GFR and HbA1c can be used to accurately anticipate kidney volume in established CKD on CT scan, especially in resource-poor settings. Furthermore, HbA1C can serve as a powerful biomarker for studying renal function in diabetic CKD patients as it correlates with creatinine and GFR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics11050789
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Article: Shedding Light on the Direct and Indirect Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lebanese Radiographers or Radiologic Technologists: A Crisis within Crises.

Itani, Rasha / Alnafea, Mohammed / Tannoury, Maya / Hallit, Souheil / Al Faraj, Achraf

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: With the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for radiologic procedures is increasing for the effective diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases. There is an immense load on the radiographers' shoulders to cope with all the ... ...

Abstract	With the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for radiologic procedures is increasing for the effective diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases. There is an immense load on the radiographers' shoulders to cope with all the challenges associated with the pandemic. However, amidst this crisis, Lebanese radiographers are also suffering from a socioeconomic crisis and record hyperinflation that have posed additional challenges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among registered Lebanese radiographers to assess the general, workplace conditions, health and safety, mental/psychologic, financial, and skill/knowledge development impacts. Despite applying an adapted safety protocol, institutions are neither providing free RT-PCR testing to their staff nor showing adequate support for infected staff members, thus causing distress about contracting the virus from the workplace. Aggravated by the deteriorating economic situation that affected the radiographers financially, they additionally suffer from severe occupational physical and mental burnout. Regardless of that, they used their free time during the lockdown for skill/knowledge development and have performed many recreational activities. This cross-sectional study highlighted the different ways the pandemic has impacted the radiographers: physically, psychologically, and financially. It aimed to shed light on what these frontline heroes are passing through in the midst of all these unprecedented crises.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare9030362
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Article ; Online: Shedding Light on the Direct and Indirect Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lebanese Radiographers or Radiologic Technologists

Rasha Itani / Mohammed Alnafea / Maya Tannoury / Souheil Hallit / Achraf Al Faraj

Healthcare, Vol 9, Iss 362, p

A Crisis within Crises

2021 Volume 362

Abstract	With the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for radiologic procedures is increasing for the effective diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases. There is an immense load on the radiographers’ shoulders to cope with all the challenges associated with the pandemic. However, amidst this crisis, Lebanese radiographers are also suffering from a socioeconomic crisis and record hyperinflation that have posed additional challenges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among registered Lebanese radiographers to assess the general, workplace conditions, health and safety, mental/psychologic, financial, and skill/knowledge development impacts. Despite applying an adapted safety protocol, institutions are neither providing free RT-PCR testing to their staff nor showing adequate support for infected staff members, thus causing distress about contracting the virus from the workplace. Aggravated by the deteriorating economic situation that affected the radiographers financially, they additionally suffer from severe occupational physical and mental burnout. Regardless of that, they used their free time during the lockdown for skill/knowledge development and have performed many recreational activities. This cross-sectional study highlighted the different ways the pandemic has impacted the radiographers: physically, psychologically, and financially. It aimed to shed light on what these frontline heroes are passing through in the midst of all these unprecedented crises.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; radiographers ; radiology and medical imaging ; safety protocols ; social and economic consequences ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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