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Article ; Online: Is high salt intake inducing obesity via production of cortisol? A novel working hypothesis and pilot study.

Nowell, Anthony / Torres, Susan J / Hall, Sarah J / Keske, Michelle A / Torpy, David J / Parker, Lewan / Betik, Andrew C / Turner, Anne I

European journal of nutrition

2024

Abstract: ... in each hormone (treatment*time, F[9, 18] = 2.641, p = 0.038, partial η: Conclusion: These intriguing findings ...

Abstract	Purpose: Evidence is growing that high salt intake is an independent risk factor for obesity, but the mechanisms are unknown. Our novel working hypothesis is that high salt intake drives cortisol production, which in turn, drives obesity. The current study aimed to demonstrate an acute cortisol response following a single high salt meal. Methods: Eight participants (age 30.5 ± 9.8 years [mean ± SD], 50% female), consumed high salt (3.82 g; 1529 mg sodium) and low salt (0.02 g; 9 mg sodium) meals in a randomized cross-over design. Results: Urinary and salivary cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) demonstrated order effects. When high salt was given second, there was a peak above baseline for urinary cortisol (26.3%), salivary cortisol (9.4%) and plasma ACTH (4.1%) followed by a significant decline in each hormone (treatmenttime, F[9, 18] = 2.641, p = 0.038, partial η Conclusion:* These intriguing findings provide partial support for our hypothesis and support a need for further research to elucidate the role of high salt intake in cortisol production and, in turn, in the aetiology of obesity. Trial registration number: ACTRN12623000490673; date of registration 12/05/2023; retrospectively registered.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-024-03354-6
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Article ; Online: Students and simulation facilitators' experiences and perceptions of a distraction and interruption simulation: a mixed-methods study.

Nowell, Lorelli / Ferreira, Carla / Dhingra, Swati / Davidson, Kathleen / Morgan, Patricia / Thomas, Cynthia

Nurse education today

2022 Volume 120, Page(s) 105634

Abstract: Background: While distractions and interruptions are leading causes of errors during medication preparation, most nursing students are not taught how to manage distractions in a highly-interruptive environment. To help prepare nursing students to manage ...

Abstract	Background: While distractions and interruptions are leading causes of errors during medication preparation, most nursing students are not taught how to manage distractions in a highly-interruptive environment. To help prepare nursing students to manage distractions and interruptions in clinical practice, we developed, implemented, and evaluated a medication preparation distraction and interruption simulation. Objectives: To explore student and simulation facilitators experiences and perceptions of a distraction and interruption simulation. Design: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was adopted including surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Setting: A mid-sized research intensive western Canadian university. Participants: A total of 112 third year nursing students who engaged in the distraction and interruption simulation, and five simulation facilitators who facilitated the distraction and interruption simulation, participated in this study. Methods: Students were invited to complete a cross sectional survey following the distraction and interruption simulation and were then invited to participate in focus groups. Simulation facilitators were invited to participate in one-on-one interviews following facilitating the distraction and interruption simulation. All data were collected between June and December 2020. Results: Data from surveys, interviews, and focus groups were delineated into 4 themes related to the phases of the simulation. The prebriefing provided an overview of the simulation and helped create psychological safety that was imperative for learning about potential medication errors when being distracted and interrupted. The simulation scenario had a high degree of fidelity and helped students implement strategies to manage distractions and interruptions. The structured debrief provided an opportunity for meaningful reflection. The impact of the simulation was apparent as students articulated the balance between speed versus safety and new strategies developed to manage distractions and interruptions in clinical practice. Conclusion: This study supports the use of simulation to develop key skills for managing distractions and interruptions during medication preparation in clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1062570-7
ISSN	1532-2793 ; 0260-6917
ISSN (online)	1532-2793
ISSN	0260-6917
DOI	10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105634
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Article ; Online: Value of Self-Disclosure to Parents and Peers During Adolescence.

Nowell, Clare / Pfeifer, Jennifer H / Enticott, Peter / Silk, Tim / Vijayakumar, Nandita

Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence

2022 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 289–301

Abstract: Self-disclosure is a crucial part of developing close interpersonal relationships during adolescence. In particular, sharing information with a greater depth of intimacy is thought to strengthen social bonds and thus support mental health. The current ... ...

Abstract	Self-disclosure is a crucial part of developing close interpersonal relationships during adolescence. In particular, sharing information with a greater depth of intimacy is thought to strengthen social bonds and thus support mental health. The current study investigated the value for different depths of self-disclosures to close others (mothers and best friends) during adolescence and its association with mental health and well-being. Fifty-four girls (11.0-15.9 years) completed a forced-choice monetary paradigm to assess value for self-disclosures and questionnaires on mental health. Participants significantly valued (i.e., forfeited monetary reward) for disclosures to both mothers and best friends, although intimate disclosures were more "costly" than superficial disclosures. Greater value for intimate self-disclosures to mothers was also associated with better mental health and well-being.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Disclosure ; Interpersonal Relations ; Parents ; Peer Group ; Mothers/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2017369-6
ISSN	1532-7795 ; 1050-8392
ISSN (online)	1532-7795
ISSN	1050-8392
DOI	10.1111/jora.12803
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Article ; Online: Current practice of cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: An international survey.

Nowell, Clare / Downing, Marina / Bragge, Peter / Ponsford, Jennie

Neuropsychological rehabilitation

2019 Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 1976–1995

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health issue, frequently resulting in impairments in the cognitive domains of attention, information processing speed, memory, executive function, and communication. Despite the importance of rehabilitating ...

Abstract	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health issue, frequently resulting in impairments in the cognitive domains of attention, information processing speed, memory, executive function, and communication. Despite the importance of rehabilitating cognitive difficulties, and the release of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cognitive rehabilitation, little is known about current clinician practice. This study aimed to explore current international clinician practice of cognitive rehabilitation. One hundred and fifteen English-speaking allied health professionals, including neuropsychologists and occupational therapists, from 29 countries outside Australia, were surveyed online about their current practice and reflections on cognitive rehabilitation. Both cognitive retraining and functional compensation approaches to cognitive rehabilitation were commonly utilized. Clinicians mostly targeted deficits in attention and executive functioning with retraining interventions, whilst memory deficits were mostly targeted with compensatory interventions. Clinicians were aware of and utilized various resources for cognitive rehabilitation, including CPGs. Clinicians considered the client's social support network, client engagement and motivation in rehabilitation, multidisciplinary team collaboration, and goal setting and implementation as highly impactful factors on the success of cognitive rehabilitation interventions. Whilst practice is broadly consistent with current CPG recommendations, addressing facilitating factors can further optimize client outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/rehabilitation ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/rehabilitation ; Cognitive Remediation/methods ; Cognitive Remediation/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Neurological Rehabilitation/methods ; Neurological Rehabilitation/statistics & numerical data ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Process Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	1080508-4
ISSN	1464-0694 ; 0960-2011
ISSN (online)	1464-0694
ISSN	0960-2011
DOI	10.1080/09602011.2019.1623823
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Article ; Online: Wearable activity tracker study exploring rheumatoid arthritis patients' disease activity using patient-reported outcome measures, clinical measures, and biometric sensor data (the wear study).

Stradford, Laura / Curtis, Jeffrey R / Zueger, Patrick / Xie, Fenglong / Curtis, David / Gavigan, Kelly / Clinton, Cassie / Venkatachalam, Shilpa / Rivera, Esteban / Nowell, W Benjamin

Contemporary clinical trials communications

2024 Volume 38, Page(s) 101272

Abstract: Background: Digital health studies using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs), wearables, and clinical data to provide a more comprehensive picture of patient health.: Methods: Newly initiated patients on upadacitinib or adalimumab for RA ... ...

Abstract	Background: Digital health studies using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs), wearables, and clinical data to provide a more comprehensive picture of patient health. Methods: Newly initiated patients on upadacitinib or adalimumab for RA will be recruited from community settings in the Excellence NEtwork in RheumatoloGY (ENRGY) practice-based research network. Over the period of three to six months, three streams of data will be collected (1) linkable physician-derived data; (2) self-reported daily and weekly ePROs through the ArthritisPower registry app; and (3) biometric sensor data passively collected via wearable. These data will be analyzed to evaluate correlations among the three types of data and patient improvement on the newly initiated medication. Conclusions: Results from this study will provide valuable information regarding the relationships between physician data, wearable data, and ePROs in patients newly initiating an RA treatment, and demonstrate the feasibility of digital data capture for Remote Patient Monitoring of patients with rheumatic disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-8654
ISSN (online)	2451-8654
DOI	10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101272
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Article ; Online: Characterization of Special Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Brief Review and Pilot Study Using the Special Interests Survey.

Nowell, Kerri P / Bernardin, Courtney J / Brown, Cynthia / Kanne, Stephen

Journal of autism and developmental disorders

2020 Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) 2711–2724

Abstract: Special interests (SIs) are part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Though they can have both positive and negative effects on functioning and long-term outcomes, research on SIs is limited. This pilot study used a newly ... ...

Abstract	Special interests (SIs) are part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Though they can have both positive and negative effects on functioning and long-term outcomes, research on SIs is limited. This pilot study used a newly developed parent-report measure, the Special Interest Survey, to characterize SIs in 1992 children with ASD. The mean number of current special interests reported was 9, with television, objects, and music being most commonly endorsed interests. The mean age of onset reported across all categories was 5.24 years, with duration of past interests most often exceeding 2 years. Age of onset, interference, and relative unusualness of the SI was varied across categories. Interference was significantly correlated with the unusualness of the SIs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	391999-7
ISSN	1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
ISSN (online)	1573-3432
ISSN	0162-3257
DOI	10.1007/s10803-020-04743-6
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Article ; Online: Inclusion of Pesticide Transformation Products Is Key to Estimating Pesticide Exposures and Effects in Small U.S. Streams.

Mahler, Barbara J / Nowell, Lisa H / Sandstrom, Mark W / Bradley, Paul M / Romanok, Kristin M / Konrad, Christopher P / Van Metre, Peter C

Environmental science & technology

2021 Volume 55, Issue 8, Page(s) 4740–4752

Abstract: Improved analytical methods can quantify hundreds of pesticide transformation products (TPs), but understanding of TP occurrence and potential toxicity in aquatic ecosystems remains limited. We quantified 108 parent pesticides and 116 TPs in more than 3 ... ...

Abstract	Improved analytical methods can quantify hundreds of pesticide transformation products (TPs), but understanding of TP occurrence and potential toxicity in aquatic ecosystems remains limited. We quantified 108 parent pesticides and 116 TPs in more than 3 700 samples from 442 small streams in mostly urban basins across five major regions of the United States. TPs were detected nearly as frequently as parents (90 and 95% of streams, respectively); 102 TPs were detected at least once and 28 were detected in >20% samples in at least one region-TPs of 9 herbicides, 2 fungicides (chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl), and 1 insecticide (fipronil) were the most frequently detected. TPs occurred commonly during baseflow conditions, indicating chronic environmental TP exposures to aquatic organisms and the likely importance of groundwater as a TP source. Hazard quotients based on acute aquatic-life benchmarks for invertebrates and nonvascular plants and vertebrate-centric molecular endpoints (sublethal effects) quantify the range of the potential contribution of TPs to environmental risk and highlight several TP exposure-response data gaps. A precautionary approach using equimolar substitution of parent benchmarks or endpoints for missing TP benchmarks indicates that potential aquatic effects of pesticide TPs could be underestimated by an order of magnitude or more.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Pesticides/analysis ; Rivers ; United States ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Pesticides ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.0c06625
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Article: Occurrence of Downy Mildew on Sunflower in South Africa.

Viljoen, A / van Wyk, P S / Nowell, D C / Gulya, T J

Plant disease

2019 Volume 81, Issue 1, Page(s) 111

Abstract: ... At Heilbron, five hybrids were infected with P. halstedii, whereas three others showed symptoms of downy ... with P. halstedii produced symptoms characteristic of downy mildew. The occurrence of the disease ...

Abstract	Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni in Sacc., is an economically important disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Europe and the United States (1). The disease was first noticed in South Africa in a commercial field near Standerton and in a seed production field near Kroonstad during the 1993 to 1994 planting season. During the 1995 to 1996 season, downy mildew was found in experimental hybrids near Heilbron, and in commercial fields near Heil-bron, Marikana, and Potchefstroom. At Heilbron, five hybrids were infected with P. halstedii, whereas three others showed symptoms of downy mildew at Potchefstroom and Marikana. All commercially cultivated hybrids have been developed in South Africa. Disease incidence in all the fields was low, with less than 1% of plants affected by the disease. Diseased plants were dwarfed and displayed veinal chlorosis of leaves typically associated with downy mildew of sunflower. White fungal growth commonly occurred on lower leaf surfaces. Sunflower seedlings inoculated with P. halstedii produced symptoms characteristic of downy mildew. The occurrence of the disease in many geographic areas and on various hybrids in South Africa suggests that the fungus is well established. Recent outbreaks can be attributed to the cool, wet, climatic conditions of the 1993 to 1994 and 1995 to 1996 seasons. The susceptibility of local hybrids suggests that downy mildew is a potentially dangerous disease of sunflower in South Africa. Reference: (1) J. F. Miller and T. J. Gulya. Crop Sci. 27:210, 1987.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.1.111C
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Article: The minute chromosome (Phl) in chronic granulocytic leukemia.

NOWELL, P C

Blut

2003 Volume 8, Page(s) 65–66

MeSH term(s)	Chromosomes ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-08-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	213648-x
ISSN	0006-5242
ISSN	0006-5242
DOI	10.1007/bf01630378
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Article ; Online: The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour.

Gowland, Rebecca L / Caffell, Anwen C / Quade, Leslie / Levene, Alysa / Millard, Andrew R / Holst, Malin / Yapp, Poppy / Delaney, S / Brown, Chloe / Nowell, Geoff / McPherson, Colin / Shaw, Heidi A / Stewart, Nicolas A / Robinson, Sally / Montgomery, Janet / Alexander, Michelle M

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) e0284970

Abstract: Child labour is the most common form of child abuse in the world today, with almost half of child workers employed in hazardous industries. The large-scale employment of children during the rapid industrialisation of the late 18th and early 19th ... ...

Abstract	Child labour is the most common form of child abuse in the world today, with almost half of child workers employed in hazardous industries. The large-scale employment of children during the rapid industrialisation of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England is well documented. During this period, the removal of pauper children from workhouses in cities to work as apprentices in rural mills in the North of England was commonplace. Whilst the experiences of some of these children have been recorded historically, this study provides the first direct evidence of their lives through bioarchaeological analysis. The excavation of a rural churchyard cemetery in the village of Fewston, North Yorkshire, yielded the skeletal remains of 154 individuals, including an unusually large proportion of children aged between 8 to 20 years. A multi-method approach was undertaken, including osteological and palaeopathological examination, stable isotope and amelogenin peptide analysis. The bioarchaeological results were integrated with historical data regarding a local textile mill in operation during the 18th-19th centuries. The results for the children were compared to those obtained from contemporaneous individuals of known identity (from coffin plates) of comparable date. Most of the children exhibited distinctive 'non-local' isotope signatures and a diet low in animal protein when compared to the named local individuals. These children also showed severe growth delays and pathological lesions indicative of early life adversity, as well as respiratory disease, which is a known occupational hazard of mill work. This study has provided unique insights into the harrowing lives of these children; born into poverty and forced to work long hours in dangerous conditions. This analysis provides a stark testimony of the impacts of industrial labour on the health, growth and mortality risk of children, with implications for the present as well as our understanding of the past.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; History, 19th Century ; Child Labor ; England ; Industry/history ; Isotopes ; Poverty
Chemical Substances	Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284970
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