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Article ; Online: Robust algorithm for precise X

Zhang, Hongyuan / Han, Ge / Ma, Xin / Chen, Weibiao / Zhang, Xingying / Liu, Jiqiao / Gong, Wei

2023 Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 11846–11863

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.482629
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: X-SepFormer

Liu, Kai / Du, Ziqing / Wan, Xucheng / Zhou, Huan

End-to-end Speaker Extraction Network with Explicit Optimization on Speaker Confusion

2023

Abstract: ... distribution information. On this basis, we present X-SepFormer, an end-to-end TSE model with proposed loss schemes and ...

Abstract	Target speech extraction (TSE) systems are designed to extract target speech from a multi-talker mixture. The popular training objective for most prior TSE networks is to enhance reconstruction performance of extracted speech waveform. However, it has been reported that a TSE system delivers high reconstruction performance may still suffer low-quality experience problems in practice. One such experience problem is wrong speaker extraction (called speaker confusion, SC), which leads to strong negative experience and hampers effective conversations. To mitigate the imperative SC issue, we reformulate the training objective and propose two novel loss schemes that explore the metric of reconstruction improvement performance defined at small chunk-level and leverage the metric associated distribution information. Both loss schemes aim to encourage a TSE network to pay attention to those SC chunks based on the said distribution information. On this basis, we present X-SepFormer, an end-to-end TSE model with proposed loss schemes and a backbone of SepFormer. Experimental results on the benchmark WSJ0-2mix dataset validate the effectiveness of our proposals, showing consistent improvements on SC errors (by 14.8% relative). Moreover, with SI-SDRi of 19.4 dB and PESQ of 3.81, our best system significantly outperforms the current SOTA systems and offers the top TSE results reported till date on the WSJ0-2mix. Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 2023
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Sound
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: X-Adapter

Ran, Lingmin / Cun, Xiaodong / Liu, Jia-Wei / Zhao, Rui / Zijie, Song / Wang, Xintao / Keppo, Jussi / Shou, Mike Zheng

Adding Universal Compatibility of Plugins for Upgraded Diffusion Model

2023

Abstract: We introduce X-Adapter, a universal upgrader to enable the pretrained plug-and-play modules (e.g ... model with the new text-image data pairs. In detail, X-Adapter keeps a frozen copy of the old model ... to preserve the connectors of different plugins. Additionally, X-Adapter adds trainable mapping layers ...

Abstract	We introduce X-Adapter, a universal upgrader to enable the pretrained plug-and-play modules (e.g., ControlNet, LoRA) to work directly with the upgraded text-to-image diffusion model (e.g., SDXL) without further retraining. We achieve this goal by training an additional network to control the frozen upgraded model with the new text-image data pairs. In detail, X-Adapter keeps a frozen copy of the old model to preserve the connectors of different plugins. Additionally, X-Adapter adds trainable mapping layers that bridge the decoders from models of different versions for feature remapping. The remapped features will be used as guidance for the upgraded model. To enhance the guidance ability of X-Adapter, we employ a null-text training strategy for the upgraded model. After training, we also introduce a two-stage denoising strategy to align the initial latents of X-Adapter and the upgraded model. Thanks to our strategies, X-Adapter demonstrates universal compatibility with various plugins and also enables plugins of different versions to work together, thereby expanding the functionalities of diffusion community. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments and the results show that X-Adapter may facilitate wider application in the upgraded foundational diffusion model. Comment: Project page: https://showlab.github.io/X-Adapter/
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Multimedia
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-12-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: X-Adv

Liu, Aishan / Guo, Jun / Wang, Jiakai / Liang, Siyuan / Tao, Renshuai / Zhou, Wenbo / Liu, Cong / Liu, Xianglong / Tao, Dacheng

Physical Adversarial Object Attacks against X-ray Prohibited Item Detection

2023

Abstract: ... However, attacks targeting texture-free X-ray images remain underexplored, despite the widespread application ... of X-ray imaging in safety-critical scenarios such as the X-ray detection of prohibited items ... In this paper, we take the first step toward the study of adversarial attacks targeted at X-ray prohibited item ...

Abstract	Adversarial attacks are valuable for evaluating the robustness of deep learning models. Existing attacks are primarily conducted on the visible light spectrum (e.g., pixel-wise texture perturbation). However, attacks targeting texture-free X-ray images remain underexplored, despite the widespread application of X-ray imaging in safety-critical scenarios such as the X-ray detection of prohibited items. In this paper, we take the first step toward the study of adversarial attacks targeted at X-ray prohibited item detection, and reveal the serious threats posed by such attacks in this safety-critical scenario. Specifically, we posit that successful physical adversarial attacks in this scenario should be specially designed to circumvent the challenges posed by color/texture fading and complex overlapping. To this end, we propose X-adv to generate physically printable metals that act as an adversarial agent capable of deceiving X-ray detectors when placed in luggage. To resolve the issues associated with color/texture fading, we develop a differentiable converter that facilitates the generation of 3D-printable objects with adversarial shapes, using the gradients of a surrogate model rather than directly generating adversarial textures. To place the printed 3D adversarial objects in luggage with complex overlapped instances, we design a policy-based reinforcement learning strategy to find locations eliciting strong attack performance in worst-case scenarios whereby the prohibited items are heavily occluded by other items. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed X-Adv, we conduct extensive experiments in both the digital and the physical world (employing a commercial X-ray security inspection system for the latter case). Furthermore, we present the physical-world X-ray adversarial attack dataset XAD. Comment: Accepted by USENIX Security 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-02-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhancing X-Ray Sensitization with Multifunctional Nanoparticles.

Liu, Jiayi / Wu, JunYong / Chen, Taili / Yang, Bin / Liu, XiangPing / Xi, Jing / Zhang, Ziyang / Gao, Yawen / Li, ZhiHong

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

2024 , Page(s) e2400954

Abstract: In the progression of X-ray-based radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer, the incorporation ...

Abstract	In the progression of X-ray-based radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) has a transformative impact. This study investigates the potential of NPs, particularly those comprised of high atomic number elements, as radiosensitizers. This aims to optimize localized radiation doses within tumors, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while preserving surrounding tissues. The multifaceted applications of NPs in radiotherapy encompass collaborative interactions with chemotherapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and targeted pharmaceuticals, along with contributions to photodynamic/photothermal therapy, imaging enhancement, and the integration of artificial intelligence technology. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, the paper acknowledges challenges in the clinical translation of these findings. The conclusion maintains an optimistic stance, emphasizing ongoing trials and technological advancements that bolster personalized treatment approaches. The paper advocates for continuous research and clinical validation, envisioning the integration of NPs as a revolutionary paradigm in cancer therapy, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2168935-0
ISSN	1613-6829 ; 1613-6810
ISSN (online)	1613-6829
ISSN	1613-6810
DOI	10.1002/smll.202400954
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evolution of the Magnetic Excitations in Electron-Doped La_{2-x}Ce_{x}CuO_{4}.

Li, X T / Tu, S J / Chaix, L / Fawaz, C / d'Astuto, M / Li, X / Yakhou-Harris, F / Kummer, K / Brookes, N B / Garcia-Fernandez, M / Zhou, Ke-Jin / Lin, Z F / Yuan, J / Jin, K / Dean, M P M / Liu, X

Physical review letters

2024 Volume 132, Issue 5, Page(s) 56002

Abstract: We investigated the high energy spin excitations in electron-doped La_{2-x}Ce_{x}CuO_{4}, a cuprate ... superconductor, by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements. Efforts were paid to disentangle ... 0) along the (1 0) direction. Our results show that, for doping level x from 0.07 to 0.185 ...

Abstract	We investigated the high energy spin excitations in electron-doped La_{2-x}Ce_{x}CuO_{4}, a cuprate superconductor, by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements. Efforts were paid to disentangle the paramagnon signal from non-spin-flip spectral weight mixing in the RIXS spectrum at Q_{∥}=(0.6π,0) and (0.9π,0) along the (1 0) direction. Our results show that, for doping level x from 0.07 to 0.185, the variation of the paramagnon excitation energy is marginal. We discuss the implication of our results in connection with the evolution of the electron correlation strength in this system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.056002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: X-Site Substituted 2D Cs

Liu, Dan / Di, Haipeng / Ren, Jiwei / Jiang, Wei / Li, Haibin / Zhao, Chen / Xin, Deyu / Xing, Zhenning / Zheng, Xiaojia / Zhao, Yiying

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

2023 Volume 19, Issue 50, Page(s) e2304201

Abstract: ... focused on A-site substituted perovskites and few reports are on X-site substituted perovskites especially ... in X-ray detection field. Here, X-site substituted 2D RP perovskite Cs ...

Abstract	2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites have been intensively investigated due to their superior stability and outstanding optoelectrical properties. However, investigations on 2D RP perovskites are mainly focused on A-site substituted perovskites and few reports are on X-site substituted perovskites especially in X-ray detection field. Here, X-site substituted 2D RP perovskite Cs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2168935-0
ISSN	1613-6829 ; 1613-6810
ISSN (online)	1613-6829
ISSN	1613-6810
DOI	10.1002/smll.202304201
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Correlative single-cell hard X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence imaging.

Lin, Zihan / Zhang, Xiao / Nandi, Purbasha / Lin, Yuewei / Wang, Liguo / Chu, Yong S / Paape, Timothy / Yang, Yang / Xiao, Xianghui / Liu, Qun

Communications biology

2024 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 280

Abstract: X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging are two non-invasive imaging ... However, correlative X-ray computed tomography and fluorescence imaging for the same cell have yet to be routinely ... realized due to challenges in sample preparation and X-ray radiation damage. Here we report an integrated ...

Abstract	X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging are two non-invasive imaging techniques to study cellular structures and chemical element distributions, respectively. However, correlative X-ray computed tomography and fluorescence imaging for the same cell have yet to be routinely realized due to challenges in sample preparation and X-ray radiation damage. Here we report an integrated experimental and computational workflow for achieving correlative multi-modality X-ray imaging of a single cell. The method consists of the preparation of radiation-resistant single-cell samples using live-cell imaging-assisted chemical fixation and freeze-drying procedures, targeting and labeling cells for correlative XCT and XRF measurement, and computational reconstruction of the correlative and multi-modality images. With XCT, cellular structures including the overall structure and intracellular organelles are visualized, while XRF imaging reveals the distribution of multiple chemical elements within the same cell. Our correlative method demonstrates the feasibility and broad applicability of using X-rays to understand cellular structures and the roles of chemical elements and related proteins in signaling and other biological processes.
MeSH term(s)	X-Rays ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Research ; Optical Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-024-05950-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nematic Spin Correlations Pervading the Phase Diagram of FeSe_{1-x}S_{x}.

Liu, Ruixian / Zhang, Wenliang / Wei, Yuan / Tao, Zhen / Asmara, Teguh C / Li, Yi / Strocov, Vladimir N / Yu, Rong / Si, Qimiao / Schmitt, Thorsten / Lu, Xingye

Physical review letters

2024 Volume 132, Issue 1, Page(s) 16501

Abstract: We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe-L_{3} edge to study the spin ... excitations of uniaxial-strained and unstrained FeSe_{1-x}S_{x} (0≤x≤0.21) samples. The measurements ... 0x}S_{x}. The spin-excitation anisotropy persists to a high temperature up to T ...

Abstract	We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe-L_{3} edge to study the spin excitations of uniaxial-strained and unstrained FeSe_{1-x}S_{x} (0≤x≤0.21) samples. The measurements on unstrained samples reveal dispersive spin excitations in all doping levels, which show only minor doping dependence in energy dispersion, lifetime, and intensity, indicating that high-energy spin excitations are only marginally affected by sulfur doping. RIXS measurements on uniaxial-strained samples reveal that the high-energy spin-excitation anisotropy observed previously in FeSe is also present in the doping range 0<x≤0.21 of FeSe_{1-<mark>x}S_{x}. The spin-excitation anisotropy persists to a high temperature up to T>200 K in x=0.18 and reaches a maximum around the nematic quantum critical doping (x_{c}≈0.17). Since the spin-excitation anisotropy directly reflects the existence of nematic spin correlations, our results indicate that high-energy nematic spin correlations pervade the regime of nematicity in the phase diagram and are enhanced by the nematic quantum criticality. These results emphasize the essential role of spin fluctuations in driving electronic nematicity and highlight the capability of uniaxial strain in tuning spin excitations in quantum materials hosting strong magnetoelastic coupling and electronic nematicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.016501
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: FreeTransfer-X

Guo, Yinpeng / Li, Liangyou / Jiang, Xin / Liu, Qun

Safe and Label-Free Cross-Lingual Transfer from Off-the-Shelf Models

2022

Abstract: ... named FreeTransfer-X that aims to achieve knowledge transfer from the off-the-shelf models in rich ...

Abstract	Cross-lingual transfer (CLT) is of various applications. However, labeled cross-lingual corpus is expensive or even inaccessible, especially in the fields where labels are private, such as diagnostic results of symptoms in medicine and user profiles in business. Nevertheless, there are off-the-shelf models in these sensitive fields. Instead of pursuing the original labels, a workaround for CLT is to transfer knowledge from the off-the-shelf models without labels. To this end, we define a novel CLT problem named FreeTransfer-X that aims to achieve knowledge transfer from the off-the-shelf models in rich-resource languages. To address the problem, we propose a 2-step knowledge distillation (KD, Hinton et al., 2015) framework based on multilingual pre-trained language models (mPLM). The significant improvement over strong neural machine translation (NMT) baselines demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition to reducing annotation cost and protecting private labels, the proposed method is compatible with different networks and easy to be deployed. Finally, a range of analyses indicate the great potential of the proposed method. Comment: to appear in the findings of NAACL 2022
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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