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Article: Looking beyond COVID-19 as a pandemic.

Lau, Y L

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

2021 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 88–89

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/classification ; COVID-19 Vaccines/pharmacology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Communicable Disease Control/trends ; Forecasting ; Global Health ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Mass Vaccination/methods ; Mass Vaccination/psychology ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination Coverage/organization & administration ; Vaccination Refusal/psychology
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-12
Publishing country	China
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1239255-8
ISSN	1024-2708
ISSN	1024-2708
DOI	10.12809/hkmj215114
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Article: Long-term trends in the incidence and management of shoulder dystocia in a tertiary obstetric unit in Hong Kong.

Chan, E H L / Lau, S L / Leung, T Y

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 524–531

Abstract: Introduction: Because there have been changes in the management of macrosomic pregnancies and shoulder dystocia in the past decade, this study was conducted to compare the incidences of shoulder dystocia and perinatal outcomes between the periods of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Because there have been changes in the management of macrosomic pregnancies and shoulder dystocia in the past decade, this study was conducted to compare the incidences of shoulder dystocia and perinatal outcomes between the periods of 2000-2009 and 2010-2019. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary obstetric unit. All cases of shoulder dystocia were identified using the hospital's electronic database. The incidences, maternal and fetal characteristics, obstetric management methods, and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two study periods. Results: The overall incidence of shoulder dystocia decreased from 0.23% (134/58 326) in 2000-2009 to 0.16% (108/65 683) in 2010-2019 (P=0.009), mainly because of the overall decline in the proportion of babies with macrosomia (from 3.3% to 2.3%; P<0.001). The improved success rates of the McRoberts' manoeuvre (from 31.3% to 47.2%; P=0.012) and posterior arm extraction (from 52.9% to 92.3%; P=0.042) allowed a greater proportion of affected babies to be delivered within 2 minutes (from 59.0% to 79.6%; P=0.003). These changes led to a significant reduction in the proportion of fetuses with low Apgar scores: <5 at 1 minute of life (from 13.4% to 5.6%; P=0.042) and <7 at 5 minutes of life (from 11.9% to 4.6%; P=0.045). Conclusion: More proactive management of macrosomic pregnancies and enhanced training in the acute management of shoulder dystocia led to significant improvements in shoulder dystocia incidence and perinatal outcomes from 2000-2009 to 2010-2019.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Dystocia/epidemiology ; Dystocia/therapy ; Dystocia/etiology ; Incidence ; Shoulder Dystocia/epidemiology ; Shoulder Dystocia/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Shoulder
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1239255-8
ISSN	1024-2708
ISSN	1024-2708
DOI	10.12809/hkmj2210038
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Article ; Online: Cloning, expression and purification of Plasmodium knowlesi circumsporozoite protein and immunoblot analysis with P. knowlesi strain A1H1 protein extract.

Tan, J H / Lau, Y L

Tropical biomedicine

2022 Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 209–214

Abstract: Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a sporozoite major surface protein of Plasmodium species. The protein showed promising protection level as a vaccine candidate against Plasmodium falciparum infection. There is a lack of studies on P. knowlesi CSP (PkCSP) ...

Abstract	Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a sporozoite major surface protein of Plasmodium species. The protein showed promising protection level as a vaccine candidate against Plasmodium falciparum infection. There is a lack of studies on P. knowlesi CSP (PkCSP) as a vaccine candidate due to the high polymorphic characteristic of central repeat region. Recent studies showed the protein has a relatively conserved region at the C-terminal, which consists of T- and B-cell epitopes. This could be the target region for vaccine development against the pre-erythrocytic stage of the parasite. In this study, recombinant PkCSP was expressed using Escherichia coli system. Recombinant PkCSP was immunized in animal models and the antiserum was evaluated using immunoblot analysis. Results showed that PkCSP can be successfully expressed using the bacterial system. Endpoint titre of the antiserum were ranged up to 1:819200. Immunoblot analysis showed the antiserum recognized recombinant PkCSP but not total protein extract from P. knowlesi erythrocytic stage. In conclusion, PkCSP could elicit strong immune response in animal models. However, serum antibodies could not recognize protein from the parasite's erythrocytic stage extract indicating it is not expressed at the erythrocytic stage. Therefore, PkCSP remains as a potential pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate against P. knowlesi infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Malaria, Falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium knowlesi/genetics ; Plasmodium knowlesi/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Sporozoites/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Protozoan ; Antigens, Protozoan ; Protozoan Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-16
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1068371-9
ISSN	2521-9855 ; 0127-5720
ISSN (online)	2521-9855
ISSN	0127-5720
DOI	10.47665/tb.39.2.004
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Article: Optimizing heat inactivation for SARS-CoV-2 at 95 °C and its implications: A standardized approach.

Mak, Gannon C K / Lau, Stephen S Y / Wong, Kitty K Y / Than, Eunice K Y / Ng, Anita Y Y / Hung, Derek L L

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e28371

Abstract: Background: Standardized and validated heat inactivation procedure for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not available. For heat inactivation, various protocols were reported to prepare External Quality Assessment ... ...

Abstract	Background: Standardized and validated heat inactivation procedure for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not available. For heat inactivation, various protocols were reported to prepare External Quality Assessment Programme (EQAP) samples without direct comparison between different durations. Objective: To assess the heat inactivation procedures against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of the optimized condition was reflected by the results from laboratories testing the EQAP samples. Study design: The SARS-CoV-2 strain was exposed to 95 °C in a water bath for three different time intervals, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min, respectively. The efficacy of inactivation was confirmed by the absence of cytopathic effects and decreasing viral load in 3 successive cell line passages. The viral stock inactivated by the optimal time interval was dispatched to EQAP participants and the result returned were analyzed. Results: All of the three conditions were capable of inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 of viral load at around cycle threshold value of 10. When the 95 °C 10 min condition was chosen to prepare SARS-CoV-2 EQAP samples, they showed sufficient homogeneity and stability. High degree of consensus was observed among EQAP participants in all samples dispatched. Conclusions: The conditions evaluated in the present study could be helpful for laboratories in preparing SARS-CoV-2 EQAP samples.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28371
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Article ; Online: Low prevalence of seasonal influenza viruses in Hong Kong, 2022.

Mak, Gannon C K / Lau, Stephen S Y / Wong, Kitty K Y / Lau, Angela W L / Hung, Derek L L

Influenza and other respiratory viruses

2023 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e13123

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Orthomyxoviridae/genetics ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.13123
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Article ; Online: Sodium/Iodide Symporter Metastable Intermediates Provide Insights into Conformational Transition between Principal Thermodynamic States.

Chakrabarti, Mayukh / Amzel, L Mario / Lau, Albert Y

The journal of physical chemistry. B

2023 Volume 127, Issue 7, Page(s) 1540–1551

Abstract: The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS), a 13-helix transmembrane protein found in the thyroid and other tissues, transports iodide, a required constituent of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Despite extensive experimental information and clinical data, structural ... ...

Abstract	The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS), a 13-helix transmembrane protein found in the thyroid and other tissues, transports iodide, a required constituent of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Despite extensive experimental information and clinical data, structural details of the intermediate microstates comprising the conformational transition of NIS between its inwardly and outwardly open states remain unresolved. We present data from a combination of enhanced sampling and transition path molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that elucidate the principal intermediate states comprising the inwardly to outwardly open transition of fully bound and apo NIS under an enforced ionic gradient. Our findings suggest that in both the absence and presence of bound physiological ions, NIS principally occupies a proximally inward to inwardly open state. When fully bound, NIS is also found to occupy a rare "inwardly occluded" state. The results of this work provide novel insight into the populations of NIS intermediates and the free energy landscape comprising the conformational transition, adding to a mechanistic understanding of NIS ion transport. Moreover, the knowledge gained from this approach can serve as a basis for studies of NIS mutants to target therapeutic interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Iodides ; Symporters/metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/chemistry ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Sodium/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Iodides ; Symporters ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1520-5207
ISSN (online)	1520-5207
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07604
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Article ; Online: Implementation of sonopartogram: multicenter feasibility study.

Lee, N M W / Lau, S L / Yeung, Y K / Chiu, C P H / Liu, F / Lau, Y Y / Fidalgo, A M / Cuerva, M J / Aquise, A / Nguyen-Hoang, L / Gil, M M / Poon, L C

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2024

Abstract: Objectives: Well-established clinical practice to assess progress in labor involves routine abdominal palpation and vaginal examination (VE). However, VE is subjective, poorly reproducible and painful for women. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the ...

Abstract	Objectives: Well-established clinical practice to assess progress in labor involves routine abdominal palpation and vaginal examination (VE). However, VE is subjective, poorly reproducible and painful for women. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the feasibility of systematically integrating transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound assessment of fetal position, psAOP, HPD and SCD to monitor labor progress in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL). We also aim at determining if ultrasound can reduce women's pain during examinations. Methods: Women were recruited as they presented for IOL in three maternity units. Ultrasound assessments were performed in 100 women between 37 Results: 223 intrapartum ultrasound scans with a median of 2 scans per participant (interquartile range (IQR) = 1 - 3), and 151 VEs were performed with a median of 1 per participant (IQR = 0 - 2). There were no adverse fetal or maternal outcomes. After excluding those with epidural anesthesia during examination, median pain score for intrapartum scan was 0 (IQR = 0 - 1) and 3 for VE (IQR = 0 - 6). Cesarean delivery and epidural anesthesia were significantly associated with slower rate of change in psAOP, HPD and SCD. Maternal height, parity and neonatal birth weight did not affect ultrasound measurements of labor progress. Conclusions: Comprehensive transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound assessment can be successfully used to assess progress in labor and can reduce the level of pain experienced during examination. Ultrasound assessment may be able to replace some transabdominal and VE examinations during labor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1073183-0
ISSN	1469-0705 ; 0960-7692
ISSN (online)	1469-0705
ISSN	0960-7692
DOI	10.1002/uog.27634
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Zs.A 3214: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Plasmodium knowlesi circumsporozoite protein: genetic characterisation and predicted antigenicity of the central repeat region.

Tan, J H / Cheong, F W / Lau, Y L / Fong, M Y

Tropical biomedicine

2023 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–44

Abstract: Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) central repeat region is one of the main target regions of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine for falciparum infection as it consists of immunodominant B cell epitopes. However, there is a lack of study for P. knowlesi CSP central ... ...

Abstract	Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) central repeat region is one of the main target regions of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine for falciparum infection as it consists of immunodominant B cell epitopes. However, there is a lack of study for P. knowlesi CSP central repeat region. This study aims to characterise the CSP repeat motifs of P. knowlesi isolates in Peninsular Malaysia. CSP repeat motifs of 64 P. knowlesi isolates were identified using Rapid Automatic Detection and Alignment of Repeats (RADAR). Antigenicity of the repeat motifs and linear B cell epitopes were predicted using VaxiJen 2.0, BepiPred-2.0 and BCPred, respectively. A total of 35 dominant repeat motifs were identified. The repeat motif "AGQPQAQGDGANAGQPQAQGDGAN" has the highest repeat frequency (n=15) and antigenicity index of 1.7986. All the repeat regions were predicted as B cell epitopes. In silico approaches revealed that all repeat motifs were antigenic and consisted of B cell epitopes which could be designed as knowlesi malaria vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Plasmodium knowlesi ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; Protozoan Proteins ; Malaria Vaccines/genetics ; Malaria Vaccines/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum
Chemical Substances	Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; Protozoan Proteins ; Malaria Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1068371-9
ISSN	2521-9855 ; 0127-5720
ISSN (online)	2521-9855
ISSN	0127-5720
DOI	ttps://doi.org/10.47665/tb.40.1.004
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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular protection by normotensive placental extracellular vesicles.

Lau, Sandy / Feng, Yourong / Chamley, Larry / Barrett, Carolyn

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80016-8
ISSN	1097-6868 ; 0002-9378
ISSN (online)	1097-6868
ISSN	0002-9378
DOI	10.1016/j.ajog.2024.03.030
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Article ; Online: Elimination of contamination in loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of human malaria.

Zen, L P Y / Lai, M Y / Lau, Y L

Tropical biomedicine

2021 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 1124–1128

Abstract: The LAMP assay, amplifies the target DNA rapidly, with 10-fold greater sensitivity than conventional PCR. The greater sensitivity also comes with greater risks of contamination. To overcome this issue, the current project includes either uracil DNA ... ...

Abstract	The LAMP assay, amplifies the target DNA rapidly, with 10-fold greater sensitivity than conventional PCR. The greater sensitivity also comes with greater risks of contamination. To overcome this issue, the current project includes either uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) or a mineral oil overlay in the LAMP assay. Our results indicated that UDG or a mineral oil overlay can effectively prevent carryover contamination in the LAMP assay for the detection of human malaria. By incorporating these preventative methods, contamination can be eliminated and LAMP can potentially be used in the field; and point of care diagnosis for human malaria.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Primers ; Humans ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Mineral Oil ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/standards ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase
Chemical Substances	DNA Primers ; Mineral Oil (8020-83-5) ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase (EC 3.2.2.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-13
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1068371-9
ISSN	2521-9855 ; 0127-5720
ISSN (online)	2521-9855
ISSN	0127-5720
DOI	10.47665/tb.37.4.1124
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