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  1. Article ; Online: Combining legal epidemiology and implementation science to improve global access to medicines: challenges and opportunities.

    Lane, Jeff / Stergachis, Andy

    Frontiers in health services

    2024  Volume 3, Page(s) 1291183

    Abstract: Laws and policies affecting access to medicines have been in the global health spotlight for decades, yet our understanding of their effects remains substantially underdeveloped. The emerging field of legal epidemiology combined with the methods of ... ...

    Abstract Laws and policies affecting access to medicines have been in the global health spotlight for decades, yet our understanding of their effects remains substantially underdeveloped. The emerging field of legal epidemiology combined with the methods of implementation science presents an opportunity to help address this gap. Legal epidemiology refers to the scientific study and deployment of law as a factor in the cause, distribution, and prevention of disease and injury in a population. Legal epidemiology studies consist of a systematic collection and coding of laws and policies relating to a particular topic. Quasi-experimental or observational research methods can then be applied to take advantage of natural experiments resulting from heterogenous adoption and/or implementation of laws and policies. Often legal epidemiology studies fail to account for heterogenous law implementation processes, presenting a need and opportunity to integrate implementation science methods. Researchers may face challenges in integrating these methods for access to medicines studies, including data access issues and a complex legal and implementation environment. Yet, the opportunities presented by increasingly transparent legal environments, improved monitoring of medicine availability, universal health coverage expansion, and electronic health and insurance records integration may facilitate overcoming these challenges. Improved collaboration and communication between researchers, health authorities, manufacturers, and health providers from public and private sectors will be critical. In spite of the challenges, combining the fields of legal epidemiology and implementation science may present an important strategy toward creating a legal and policy environment that supports global and equitable access to medicines.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2813-0146
    ISSN (online) 2813-0146
    DOI 10.3389/frhs.2023.1291183
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China.

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 423–424

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Pharmacy Administration ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Combining legal epidemiology and implementation science to improve global access to medicines

    Jeff Lane / Andy Stergachis

    Frontiers in Health Services, Vol

    challenges and opportunities

    2024  Volume 3

    Abstract: Laws and policies affecting access to medicines have been in the global health spotlight for decades, yet our understanding of their effects remains substantially underdeveloped. The emerging field of legal epidemiology combined with the methods of ... ...

    Abstract Laws and policies affecting access to medicines have been in the global health spotlight for decades, yet our understanding of their effects remains substantially underdeveloped. The emerging field of legal epidemiology combined with the methods of implementation science presents an opportunity to help address this gap. Legal epidemiology refers to the scientific study and deployment of law as a factor in the cause, distribution, and prevention of disease and injury in a population. Legal epidemiology studies consist of a systematic collection and coding of laws and policies relating to a particular topic. Quasi-experimental or observational research methods can then be applied to take advantage of natural experiments resulting from heterogenous adoption and/or implementation of laws and policies. Often legal epidemiology studies fail to account for heterogenous law implementation processes, presenting a need and opportunity to integrate implementation science methods. Researchers may face challenges in integrating these methods for access to medicines studies, including data access issues and a complex legal and implementation environment. Yet, the opportunities presented by increasingly transparent legal environments, improved monitoring of medicine availability, universal health coverage expansion, and electronic health and insurance records integration may facilitate overcoming these challenges. Improved collaboration and communication between researchers, health authorities, manufacturers, and health providers from public and private sectors will be critical. In spite of the challenges, combining the fields of legal epidemiology and implementation science may present an important strategy toward creating a legal and policy environment that supports global and equitable access to medicines.
    Keywords law ; policy ; legal epidemiology ; implementation science ; medicines ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Strengthening the evidence-base on payment models for pharmacist-provided services.

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2019  Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Models, Economic ; Pharmaceutical Services/economics ; Reimbursement Mechanisms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2018.12.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Enhancements to JAPhA.

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2018  Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 469

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Publications/standards ; Societies, Pharmaceutical/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2018.08.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

    Lessons from China

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 423–424

    Keywords Pharmacology ; Pharmacology (nursing) ; Pharmacy ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.005
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Announcing Advances in Pharmacy Practice.

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2017  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 425

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic ; Pharmaceutical Services/trends ; Pharmacy/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2017.06.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: JAPhA and Elsevier: A new beginning.

    Stergachis, Andy

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2016  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Societies, Pharmaceutical/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2015.12.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A systematic scoping review of medicine availability and affordability in Africa.

    Lane, Jeff / Nakambale, Hilma / Kadakia, Asha / Dambisya, Yoswa / Stergachis, Andy / Odoch, Walter Denis

    BMC health services research

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

    Abstract: Background: The most recent World Medicines Situation Report published in 2011 found substantial medicine availability and affordability challenges across WHO regions, including Africa. Since publication of the 2011 report, medicine availability and ... ...

    Abstract Background: The most recent World Medicines Situation Report published in 2011 found substantial medicine availability and affordability challenges across WHO regions, including Africa. Since publication of the 2011 report, medicine availability and affordability has risen on the international agenda and was included in the Sustainable Development Goals as Target 3.8. While numerous medicine availability and affordability studies have been conducted in Africa since the last World Medicines Situation Report, there has not been a systematic analysis of the methods used in these studies, measures of medicine availability and affordability, categories of medicines studied, or geographic distribution. Filling this knowledge gap can help inform future medicine availability and affordability studies, design systems to monitor progress toward Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.8 in Africa and beyond, and inform policy and program decisions to improve medicine availability and affordability.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic scoping review of studies assessing medicine availability or affordability conducted in the WHO Africa region published from 2009-2021.
    Results: Two hundred forty one articles met our eligibility criteria. 88% of the articles (213/241) reported descriptive studies, while 12% (28/241) reported interventional studies. Of the 198 studies measuring medicine availability, the most commonly used measure of medicine availability was whether a medicine was in stock on the date of a survey (124/198, 63%). We also identified multiple other availability methods and measures, including retrospective stock record reviews and self-reported medicine availability surveys. Of the 59 articles that included affordability measures, 32 (54%) compared the price of the medicine to the daily wage of the lowest paid government worker. Other affordability measures were patient self-reported affordability, capacity to pay measures, and comparing medicines prices with a population-level income standard (such as minimum wage, poverty line, or per capita income). The most commonly studied medicines were antiparasitic and anti-bacterial medicines. We did not identify studies in 22 out of 48 (46%) countries in the WHO Africa Region and more than half of the studies identified were conducted in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and/or Uganda.
    Conclusion: Our results revealed a wide range of medicine availability and affordability assessment methodologies and measures, including cross-sectional facility surveys, population surveys, and retrospective data analyses. Our review also indicated a need for greater focus on medicines for certain non-communicable diseases, greater geographic diversity of studies, and the need for more intervention studies to identify approaches to improve access to medicines in the region.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drugs, Essential ; Health Services Accessibility ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Africa
    Chemical Substances Drugs, Essential
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-023-10494-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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