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  1. Article ; Online: Extracellular vesicles in respiratory disease.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Lee, Heedoo

    Advances in clinical chemistry

    2021  Volume 108, Page(s) 105–127

    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles secreted by nearly all cell types and play a critical role in cell-to-cell crosstalk. EVs can be categorized based on their size, surface markers, or the cell type from which they originate. EVs ... ...

    Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles secreted by nearly all cell types and play a critical role in cell-to-cell crosstalk. EVs can be categorized based on their size, surface markers, or the cell type from which they originate. EVs carry "cargo," including but not limited to, RNA, DNA, proteins, and small signaling molecules. To date, many methods have been developed to isolate EVs from biological fluids, such as blood plasma, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and urine. Once isolated, EVs can be characterized by dynamic light scattering, nanotracking analysis, nanoscale flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Given the ability of EVs to transport cargo between cells, research has recently focused on understanding their role in various human diseases. As understanding of their significance to disease processes grows, insight into the mechanisms behind the physiological role of their cargo in target cells can facilitate the development of a new type of biomarker and therapeutic target for diseases in future. In addition, their ability to deliver their cargo selectively to target cells within the human body means that they could serve as therapeutic agents or methods of drug delivery. In this review, we will first introduce EVs and the cargo they carry, outline current methods for EV isolation and characterization, and discuss their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the near future.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/metabolism ; Body Fluids/metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 210505-6
    ISSN 2162-9471 ; 0065-2423
    ISSN (online) 2162-9471
    ISSN 0065-2423
    DOI 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Speech Outcomes of Frenectomy for Tongue-Tie Release: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Rodriguez Lara, Frances / Chan, Wang Pong / Kennedy, Dean G / Levi, Jessica R

    The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

    2024  , Page(s) 34894241236234

    Abstract: Objective: Tongue-tie, which is also known as ankyloglossia, is a common condition where the lingual frenulum is unusually tight or short. While most literature investigates the impact of tongue-tie on breastfeeding, recent articles have examined its ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Tongue-tie, which is also known as ankyloglossia, is a common condition where the lingual frenulum is unusually tight or short. While most literature investigates the impact of tongue-tie on breastfeeding, recent articles have examined its role in speech production in children. However, these have not previously been reviewed systematically. This study aims to determine the impact of tongue-tie on speech outcomes and assess whether frenectomy can improve speech function.
    Methods: In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and speechBITE to analyze primary studies investigating the impact of frenectomy for tongue-tie on speech outcomes. We extracted data regarding patient age, male to female ratio, procedure type, follow-up time, and speech outcomes and ran statistical analyses to determine if frenectomy for tongue-tie leads to improvement in speech issues in pediatric patients. Speech outcomes extracted were subjectively measured based on the interpretation of a speech and language pathologist or parent.
    Results: Our analysis included 10 studies with an average patient age of 4.10 years, and average cohort size of 22.17 patients. Overall, frenectomy for tongue-tie was associated with an improvement in speech articulation (0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.87;
    Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that frenectomy is a suitable treatment to correct speech issues in select patients with tongue-tie if caught early in childhood. Despite the limited investigations around speech outcomes post-frenectomy, these results are informative to providers treating tongue-tie.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120642-4
    ISSN 1943-572X ; 0003-4894
    ISSN (online) 1943-572X
    ISSN 0003-4894
    DOI 10.1177/00034894241236234
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Comparison of ChatGPT knowledge against 2020 consensus statement on ankyloglossia in children.

    Howard, Eileen C / Chong, Nicholas Y K / Carnino, Jonathan M / Levi, Jessica R

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2024  Volume 180, Page(s) 111957

    Abstract: Objective: This paper evaluates ChatGPT's accuracy and consistency in providing information on ankyloglossia, a congenital oral condition. Assessing alignment with expert consensus, the study explores potential implications for patients relying on AI ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This paper evaluates ChatGPT's accuracy and consistency in providing information on ankyloglossia, a congenital oral condition. Assessing alignment with expert consensus, the study explores potential implications for patients relying on AI for medical information.
    Methods: Statements from the 2020 clinical consensus statement on ankyloglossia were presented to ChatGPT, and its responses were scored using a 9-point Likert scale. The study analyzed the mean and standard deviation of ChatGPT scores for each statement. Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel.
    Results: Among the 63 statements assessed, 67 % of ChatGPT responses closely aligned with expert consensus mean scores. However, 17 % (11/63) were statements in which the ChatGPT mean response was different from the CCS mean by 2.0 or greater, raising concerns about ChatGPT's potential influence in disseminating uncertain or debated medical information. Variations in mean scores highlighted discrepancies, with some statements showing significant deviations from expert opinions.
    Conclusion: While ChatGPT mirrored medical viewpoints on ankyloglossia, alignment with non-consensus statements raises caution in relying on it for medical advice. Future research should refine AI models, address inaccuracies, and explore diverse user queries for safe integration into medical decision-making. Despite potential benefits, ongoing examination of ChatGPT's power and limitations is crucial, considering its impact on health equity and information access.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.111957
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Intercellular Communication via Extracellular Vesicle Cargo MicroRNAs: Challenges for Experimental Design.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Jin, Yang

    Critical care medicine

    2020  Volume 48, Issue 12, Page(s) e1364–e1365

    MeSH term(s) Acute Lung Injury ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; MicroRNAs ; Research Design
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 197890-1
    ISSN 1530-0293 ; 0090-3493
    ISSN (online) 1530-0293
    ISSN 0090-3493
    DOI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004564
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Miyawaki, Steven / Rampam, Sanjeev

    Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 1

    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles produced by most cell types into the extracellular space and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Historically, EVs were categorized based on their methods of biogenesis and size ... ...

    Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles produced by most cell types into the extracellular space and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Historically, EVs were categorized based on their methods of biogenesis and size into three groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Most recently, EV nomenclature has evolved to categorize these nanoparticles based on their size, surface markers, and/or the cell type which secreted them. Many techniques have been adopted in recent years which leverage these characteristics to isolate them from cell culture media and biological fluids. EVs carry various "cargo", including DNA, RNA, proteins, and small signaling molecules. After isolation, EVs can be characterized by various methods to analyze their unique cargo profiles which define their role in cell-to-cell communication, normal physiology, and disease progression. The study of EV cargo has become more common recently as we continue to delineate their role in various human diseases. Further understanding these mechanisms may allow for the future use of EVs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diseases. Furthermore, their unique cargo delivery mechanisms may one day be exploited to selectively deliver therapeutic agents and drugs. Despite the growing research interest in EVs, limited studies have focused on the role of EVs in the diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. In this review, we will introduce EVs and their cargo, discuss methods of isolation and characterization, and summarize the most up-to-date literature thus far into the role of EVs in diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pharynx ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Cell-Derived Microparticles/metabolism ; RNA/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2754473-4
    ISSN 2076-3271 ; 2076-3271
    ISSN (online) 2076-3271
    ISSN 2076-3271
    DOI 10.3390/medsci11010006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Assessing ChatGPT's Responses to Otolaryngology Patient Questions.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Pellegrini, William R / Willis, Megan / Cohen, Michael B / Paz-Lansberg, Marianella / Davis, Elizabeth M / Grillone, Gregory A / Levi, Jessica R

    The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

    2024  , Page(s) 34894241249621

    Abstract: Objective: This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in addressing real-world otolaryngology patient questions, focusing on accuracy, comprehensiveness, and patient safety, to assess its suitability for integration into healthcare.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in addressing real-world otolaryngology patient questions, focusing on accuracy, comprehensiveness, and patient safety, to assess its suitability for integration into healthcare.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using patient questions from the public online forum Reddit's r/AskDocs, where medical advice is sought from healthcare professionals. Patient questions were input into ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), and responses were reviewed by 5 board-certified otolaryngologists. The evaluation criteria included difficulty, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and bedside manner/empathy. Statistical analysis explored the relationship between patient question characteristics and ChatGPT response scores. Potentially dangerous responses were also identified.
    Results: Patient questions averaged 224.93 words, while ChatGPT responses were longer at 414.93 words. The accuracy scores for ChatGPT responses were 3.76/5, comprehensiveness scores were 3.59/5, and bedside manner/empathy scores were 4.28/5. Longer patient questions did not correlate with higher response ratings. However, longer ChatGPT responses scored higher in bedside manner/empathy. Higher question difficulty correlated with lower comprehensiveness. Five responses were flagged as potentially dangerous.
    Conclusion: While ChatGPT exhibits promise in addressing otolaryngology patient questions, this study demonstrates its limitations, particularly in accuracy and comprehensiveness. The identification of potentially dangerous responses underscores the need for a cautious approach to AI in medical advice. Responsible integration of AI into healthcare necessitates thorough assessments of model performance and ethical considerations for patient safety.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120642-4
    ISSN 1943-572X ; 0003-4894
    ISSN (online) 1943-572X
    ISSN 0003-4894
    DOI 10.1177/00034894241249621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Appointment Factors Contributing to Children with Speech Disorders Missing Speech and Language Pathology Appointments.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Salvati, Lindsay R / Bayly, Henry / Kennedy, Dean G / Mwaura, Amos M / Wilson, Nicholas R / Levi, Jessica R

    Clinical pediatrics

    2024  , Page(s) 99228241235440

    Abstract: This study explores missed pediatric speech and language pathology (SLP) appointments to identify barriers for patients with speech disorders. Data from 839 referrals at Boston Medical Center, including demographics, appointment details, COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract This study explores missed pediatric speech and language pathology (SLP) appointments to identify barriers for patients with speech disorders. Data from 839 referrals at Boston Medical Center, including demographics, appointment details, COVID-19 lockdown, and number of items on patient problem lists, were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. The findings revealed that lockdown status, appointment timing, appointment type (in-person vs telemedicine), referral department (ear, nose, and throat [ENT] vs non-ENT), sex, race, primary language, birthplace, and primary care provider presence had no significant impact on attendance. However, the number of patient-listed problems, prior cancelations, and missed appointments were significant predictors of patients who did not keep appointments. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the patient's problem list and past appointment behavior as critical factors in predicting missed SLP appointments for pediatric speech disorder patients. These insights can guide targeted interventions to improve attendance and enhance SLP engagement.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207678-0
    ISSN 1938-2707 ; 0009-9228
    ISSN (online) 1938-2707
    ISSN 0009-9228
    DOI 10.1177/00099228241235440
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Clinical Opportunity in Musculoskeletal Disease.

    Rampam, Sanjeev / Carnino, Jonathan M / Xiao, Boyuan / Khan, Rehan R / Miyawaki, Steven / Goh, Graham S

    Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews

    2023  

    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the extracellular space. These membranous nanoparticles carry various molecules, often referred to as "cargo," which are delivered to nearby target cells. In the past ... ...

    Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the extracellular space. These membranous nanoparticles carry various molecules, often referred to as "cargo," which are delivered to nearby target cells. In the past decade, developments in nanotechnology have allowed for various new laboratory techniques for the increased utilization of EVs in cellular and animal studies. Such techniques have evolved for the isolation, characterization, and delivery of EVs to biological tissues. This emerging technology has immense clinical potential for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Various EV cargo molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, can act as pathological biomarkers. Furthermore, EVs derived from certain cell sources have shown therapeutic benefit in certain pathologies. In addition to their native therapeutic benefit, EVs can be engineered to carry and selectively deliver therapeutic agents. While EVs have gained increasing interest in various pathologies, few studies have compiled their clinical potential in musculoskeletal pathologies. To bridge this gap, we present an overview of EVs, introduce current laboratory preparation techniques, and outline the most recent literature regarding the potential therapeutic applications of EVs in musculoskeletal pathologies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2420584-9
    ISSN 1937-3376 ; 1937-3368
    ISSN (online) 1937-3376
    ISSN 1937-3368
    DOI 10.1089/ten.TEB.2023.0208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The effect of frenectomy for tongue-tie, lip-tie, or cheek-tie on breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review of articles over time and suggestions for management.

    Carnino, Jonathan M / Walia, Anika S / Lara, Frances Rodriguez / Mwaura, Amos M / Levi, Jessica R

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2023  Volume 171, Page(s) 111638

    Abstract: Objective: Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is a common condition characterized by an abnormally short or tight lingual frenulum and is known to cause breastfeeding difficulties, leading to damage to the nipple, early discontinuation of breastfeeding, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is a common condition characterized by an abnormally short or tight lingual frenulum and is known to cause breastfeeding difficulties, leading to damage to the nipple, early discontinuation of breastfeeding, and delayed infant growth. In addition to tongue-tie, abnormal frenulums such as the labial frenulum and buccal frenulum can cause lip-tie and cheek-tie, respectively. While both of these conditions have been reported to potentially cause similar issues related to breastfeeding as tongue-tie, limited research has been conducted to understand their effects and how we should treat these conditions.
    Methods: In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE to analyze the trend in publications of all three of these conditions and their impact on breastfeeding for the past 36 years. Keywords included, "tongue-tie", "lip-tie", "cheek-tie", and "breastfeeding outcomes".
    Results: We found that publications describing the effect of only tongue-ties on breastfeeding have increased exponentially over time while less focus has been on other oral ties. It was also discovered that the majority of studies describing only lip-tie or tongue-tie were editorials, commentary, perspectives, or consensus statements. Finally, we found that articles describing more than one abnormal frenulum were more likely to be cited and articles describing tongue-tie only were published in the highest impact factor journals.
    Conclusion: This study revealed a significant increase in publications discussing tongue-tie and a lack of research on lip-tie and cheek-tie in relation to breastfeeding. The findings highlight the need for more comprehensive research and attention to lip-tie and cheek-tie, as well as standardized diagnostic criteria. Ongoing debate surrounding management of these conditions stem from the lack of investigations on the impact of these abnormal frenulums and outcomes post-frenectomy. Future high-quality studies, specifically prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, are necessary to provide more robust evidence and guide clinical practice.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Ankyloglossia/surgery ; Ankyloglossia/diagnosis ; Breast Feeding ; Lingual Frenum/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Cheek ; Lip
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-17
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111638
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: An Analysis of Laryngomalacia and Its Interplay With Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pediatric Inpatients.

    Kennedy, Dean G / Wilson, Nicholas R / Mwaura, Amos / Carnino, Jonathan M / Levi, Jessica

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e45313

    Abstract: Objective  This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between laryngomalacia and obesity as well as explore the interplay between laryngomalacia and obstructive sleep apnea using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for the year 2016. ... ...

    Abstract Objective  This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between laryngomalacia and obesity as well as explore the interplay between laryngomalacia and obstructive sleep apnea using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for the year 2016. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) KID for 2016 provided a dataset for analysis. Patient demographics, diagnoses, and hospital characteristics were considered. Patients less than three years old were included due to the high prevalence of laryngomalacia in this age group. Results Among 4,512,196 neonatal admissions, 1,341 obesity cases and 11,642 laryngomalacia cases were analyzed. The frequency of laryngomalacia in patients with obesity was 578.1% higher than in the general population. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibited a 5,243.2% increase in laryngomalacia frequency compared to the overall population. Combining obesity and laryngomalacia resulted in a 6,738.5% increase in OSA frequency. Conclusions This study identified a significant correlation between obesity and increased laryngomalacia risk. The findings have important clinical implications for pediatric care, emphasizing the need to prevent childhood obesity to reduce laryngomalacia risk. Additionally, understanding these risk factors enables better risk stratification for laryngomalacia and potential OSA development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.45313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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