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Article ; Online: Aichivirus C isolate is a diarrhoea-causing pathogen in goats.

Abi, Keha-Mo / Yang, Chen / Tang, Cheng / Jing, Zhi Zhong

2022 Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) e2268–e2275

Abstract: Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non-diarrheic faecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an on-going diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China ...

Abstract	Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non-diarrheic faecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an on-going diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China in May 2021. Of these samples, 77.8% (14/18) of diarrheic samples were detected as Aichivirus C positive by RT-PCR, which was significantly higher than that of non-diarrheic faces (0%, p < .001); meanwhile, other common diarrhoea-causing pathogens in goats were not detected in diarrheic samples, except for two samples that were detected as caprine enterovirus positive, suggesting that Aichivirus C was associated with goat diarrhoea. Furthermore, five Aichivirus C strains were successfully isolated from positive samples using Vero cell lines and two isolates were further plaque-purified, named SWUN/F5/2021(10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Disease Outbreaks ; Feces ; Goat Diseases/epidemiology ; Goats ; Kobuvirus/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.14566
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Article: Aichivirus C isolate is a diarrhoea‐causing pathogen in goats

Abi, Keha‐Mo / Yang, Chen / Tang, Cheng / Jing, Zhi Zhong

Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 Sept., v. 69, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non‐diarrheic faecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an on‐going diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China ...

Abstract	Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non‐diarrheic faecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an on‐going diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China in May 2021. Of these samples, 77.8% (14/18) of diarrheic samples were detected as Aichivirus C positive by RT‐PCR, which was significantly higher than that of non‐diarrheic faces (0%, p < .001); meanwhile, other common diarrhoea‐causing pathogens in goats were not detected in diarrheic samples, except for two samples that were detected as caprine enterovirus positive, suggesting that Aichivirus C was associated with goat diarrhoea. Furthermore, five Aichivirus C strains were successfully isolated from positive samples using Vero cell lines and two isolates were further plaque‐purified, named SWUN/F5/2021(10–⁶.⁷TCID₅₀/0.1 mL) and SWUN/F6/2021(10–⁷TCID₅₀/0.1 mL). Interestingly, Aichivirus C strain could cause systemic infection in experimental kids via oral administration, with the main clinical manifestation being severe watery diarrhoea. Histopathological changes observed in the duodenum and jejunum were characteristic, with shedding of mucosal epithelial cells. In addition, the virus was detected in tissues of diarrhoea kids naturally infected with Aichivirus C, exhibiting pathological changes similar to those of experimental infections. Overall, this study first isolated Aichivirus C and confirmed its pathogenicity in kids, with further study needed to better understand the virus pathogenicity. As Aichivirus C has been detected in South Korea, Italy and the USA and widely prevalent in southwest China, the results obtained here have significant implications for the diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in goats.
Keywords	Aichivirus C ; diarrhea ; duodenum ; epithelium ; farms ; goats ; histopathology ; jejunum ; oral administration ; pathogenicity ; pathogens ; viruses ; China ; Italy ; South Korea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. e2268-e2275.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.14566
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Identification of a novel Aichivirus D in sheep.

Abi, Keha-Mo / Yu, Zhonghua / Jing, Zhi Zhong / Tang, Cheng

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

2021 Volume 91, Page(s) 104810

Abstract: A novel kobuvirus was found in diarrheal fecal samples of Tibetan sheep using a viral metagenomics approach, and a full kobuvirus genome was successfully obtained by RT-PCR from a diarrheal fecal sample. The full genomic sequence was 8485 nucleotides (nt) ...

Abstract	A novel kobuvirus was found in diarrheal fecal samples of Tibetan sheep using a viral metagenomics approach, and a full kobuvirus genome was successfully obtained by RT-PCR from a diarrheal fecal sample. The full genomic sequence was 8485 nucleotides (nt) in length with a standard picornavirus genome organization. The novel genome shares 62.9% and 77.8% nt homology with Aichivirus D1 genotype strain 1-22-KoV, and Aichivirus D2 genotype strain 2-44-KoV, respectively. According to the species classification criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the new kobuvirus belongs to Aichivirus species D. Interestingly, compared with 2 known Aichivirus D genotype strains, the novel Aichivirus D has unique amino acid substitutions in the 5'untranslated region (-UTR), VP0, VP3, and VP1, with a recombination event in the 2C region.These characteristics make the novel Aichivirus D cluster into an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that strain may represent a novel genotype in Aichivirus D. Moreover, the novel Aichivirus D was detected in 9.2% (18/195) of the sheep diarrheal fecal samples from 4 farms in 3 counties of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In addition, full-length VP0, VP3, and VP1 genes were successfully obtained from 12 samples from 4 farms, and phylogenetic analysis based on these genes revealed a unique evolutionary pattern for this novel Aichivirus D strain. This study identified a novel Aichivirus D that is circulating in sheep in Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China and these findings provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic and genetic evolution of kobuviruses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/virology ; Feces/virology ; Genotype ; Kobuvirus/classification ; Kobuvirus/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Prevalence ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/virology ; Sheep, Domestic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
ISSN (online)	1567-7257
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104810
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Article: Identification of a novel Aichivirus D in sheep

Abi, Keha-mo / Yu, Zhonghua / Jing, Zhi Zhong / Tang, Cheng

Infection, genetics, and evolution. 2021 July, v. 91

2021

Abstract	A novel kobuvirus was found in diarrheal fecal samples of Tibetan sheep using a viral metagenomics approach, and a full kobuvirus genome was successfully obtained by RT-PCR from a diarrheal fecal sample. The full genomic sequence was 8485 nucleotides (nt) in length with a standard picornavirus genome organization. The novel genome shares 62.9% and 77.8% nt homology with Aichivirus D1 genotype strain 1-22-KoV, and Aichivirus D2 genotype strain 2-44-KoV, respectively. According to the species classification criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the new kobuvirus belongs to Aichivirus species D. Interestingly, compared with 2 known Aichivirus D genotype strains, the novel Aichivirus D has unique amino acid substitutions in the 5'untranslated region (-UTR), VP0, VP3, and VP1, with a recombination event in the 2C region.These characteristics make the novel Aichivirus D cluster into an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that strain may represent a novel genotype in Aichivirus D. Moreover, the novel Aichivirus D was detected in 9.2% (18/195) of the sheep diarrheal fecal samples from 4 farms in 3 counties of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In addition, full-length VP0, VP3, and VP1 genes were successfully obtained from 12 samples from 4 farms, and phylogenetic analysis based on these genes revealed a unique evolutionary pattern for this novel Aichivirus D strain.This study identified a novel Aichivirus D that is circulating in sheep in Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China and these findings provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic and genetic evolution of kobuviruses.
Keywords	Aichivirus D ; amino acids ; diarrhea ; feces ; genotype ; infection ; metagenomics ; nucleotides ; phylogeny ; sheep ; taxonomy ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-1348
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104810
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: First detection and molecular characteristics of caprine kobuvirus in goats in China.

Abi, Keha-Mo / Zhang, Qi / Jing, Zhi Zhong / Tang, Cheng

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

2020 Volume 85, Page(s) 104566

Abstract: Caprine kobuvirus (CKoV), a member of the genus Kobuvirus, has only been identified in South Korea and Italy until now. In this study, 24 goat diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 3 farms in Sichuan province, China, and 87.5% (21/24) samples were ... ...

Abstract	Caprine kobuvirus (CKoV), a member of the genus Kobuvirus, has only been identified in South Korea and Italy until now. In this study, 24 goat diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 3 farms in Sichuan province, China, and 87.5% (21/24) samples were detected as CKoV positive by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, full-length VP0, VP3, and VP1 genes were simultaneously cloned from 17 clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all CKoV strains were most closely related to porcine kobuvirus based on amino acid (aa) sequences of VP0 and VP3 proteins, but CKoV strains were closely related to with Aichivirus B strains (ferret, bovine, and sheep kobuvirus) based on aa sequences of the VP1 protein. Interestingly, compared with known CKoV strains in the GenBank database, Chinese CKoV strains have unique amino acid changes in VP0 and VP1 proteins. Moreover, the first Chinese CKoV nearly complete genome was successfully obtained from a diarrheic fecal sample, named SWUN/F11/2019. Compared with the two known CKoV strains, five aa mutations (S60A, L252I, V267T, I, V 306 L, V331I) were found in the VP0 gene and 7 aa mutations (S57N, G, T243A, V244I, T, A248V, L, S251A, R252H, and M255L) were found in VP1 in the SWUN/F11/2019 genome. This was the first report of the detection and molecular characteristics of CKoV from goats in China, which could be helpful for improving the understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of CKoV.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Genomics/methods ; Goat Diseases/diagnosis ; Goat Diseases/epidemiology ; Goat Diseases/virology ; Goats ; Kobuvirus/classification ; Kobuvirus/genetics ; Kobuvirus/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary ; RNA, Viral ; Virulence Factors
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral ; Virulence Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
ISSN (online)	1567-7257
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104566
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of a novel bovine coronavirus strain with a recombinant hemagglutinin/esterase gene in dairy calves in China.

Keha, Abi / Xue, Luo / Yan, Shen / Yue, Hua / Tang, Cheng

Transboundary and emerging diseases

2019 Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 1971–1981

Abstract: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract illnesses in cattle across the world. In this study, a total of 190 faecal samples from dairy calves with diarrhoea ... ...

Abstract	Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract illnesses in cattle across the world. In this study, a total of 190 faecal samples from dairy calves with diarrhoea were collected from 14 farms in six Chinese provinces, and BCoV was detected in 18.95% (36/190) of the samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Full-length spike, hemagglutinin/esterase (HE), nucleocapsid and transmembrane genes were simultaneously cloned from 13 clinical samples (eight farms in four provinces), and most of the BCoV strains showed a unique evolutionary pattern based on the phylogenetic analysis of these genes. Interesting, 10 of the 13 strains were identified as HE recombinant strains, and these strains had experienced the same recombination event and carried the same recombination sites located between the esterase and lectin domain. They also shared an identical aa variant (F181V) in the R2-loop. Moreover, 9/10 strains displayed another identical aa variant (P, S158A) in the adjacent R1-loop of the HE gene, which differs from the other available BCoV HE sequences in the GenBank database. Our results showed that BCoV is widely circulating in dairy cattle in China, contributing to the diagnosis and control of dairy calves diarrhoea. Furthermore, a BCoV strain that carries a recombinant HE gene has spread in dairy calves in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of an HE recombination event occurring in BCoV; this is also the first description of the molecular prevalence of BCoV in China. Our findings will enhance current understanding about the genetic evolution of BCoV.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics ; Dairying ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Diarrhea/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Feces/virology ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Recombinant Proteins/analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Viral Fusion Proteins/analysis ; Viral Proteins/analysis
Chemical Substances	Hemagglutinins, Viral ; Recombinant Proteins ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; Viral Proteins ; hemagglutinin esterase
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-31
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.13228
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Article: An emerging novel bovine coronavirus with a 4-amino-acid insertion in the receptor-binding domain of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene

Abi, Keha-mo / Zhang, Qi / Zhang, Bin / Zhou, Long / Yue, Hua / Tang, Cheng

Archives of virology. 2020 Dec., v. 165, no. 12

2020

Abstract: The hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of betacoronavirus lineage A is a secondary receptor in the infection process and is involved in the emergence of new betacoronavirus genotypes with altered host specificity and tissue tropism. We previously ... ...

Abstract	The hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of betacoronavirus lineage A is a secondary receptor in the infection process and is involved in the emergence of new betacoronavirus genotypes with altered host specificity and tissue tropism. We previously reported a novel recombinant bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strain that was circulating in dairy cattle in China, but this virus was not successfully isolated, and the genetic characteristics of BCoV are still largely unknown. In this study, 20 diarrheic faecal samples were collected from a farm in Liaoning province that had an outbreak of calf diarrhea (≤ 3 months of age) in November 2018, and all of the samples tested positive for BCoV by RT-PCR. In addition, a BCoV strain with a recombinant HE (designated as SWUN/A1/2018) and another BCoV strain with a recombinant HE containing an insertion (designated as SWUN/A10/2018) were successfully isolated in cell culture (TCID50: 10⁴.²⁵/mL and 10⁴.⁷³/mL, respectively). Unexpectedly, we identified the emergence of a novel BCoV variant characterized by a 12-nt bovine gene insertion in the receptor-binding domain in a natural recombinant HE gene, suggesting a novel evolutionary pattern in BCoV.
Keywords	Bovine coronavirus ; age ; calves ; cell culture ; dairy cattle ; diarrhea ; farms ; feces ; genes ; genotype ; host specificity ; infection ; sampling ; tissue tropism ; virology ; viruses ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 3011-3015.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-020-04840-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: First detection and molecular characteristics of caprine kobuvirus in goats in China

Abi, Keha-mo / Zhang, Qi / Jing, Zhi Zhong / Tang, Cheng

Infection, genetics, and evolution. 2020 Nov., v. 85

2020

Abstract	Caprine kobuvirus (CKoV), a member of the genus Kobuvirus, has only been identified in South Korea and Italy until now. In this study, 24 goat diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 3 farms in Sichuan province, China, and 87.5% (21/24) samples were detected as CKoV positive by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, full-length VP0, VP3, and VP1 genes were simultaneously cloned from 17 clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all CKoV strains were most closely related to porcine kobuvirus based on amino acid (aa) sequences of VP0 and VP3 proteins, but CKoV strains were closely related to with Aichivirus B strains (ferret, bovine, and sheep kobuvirus) based on aa sequences of the VP1 protein. Interestingly, compared with known CKoV strains in the GenBank database, Chinese CKoV strains have unique amino acid changes in VP0 and VP1 proteins. Moreover, the first Chinese CKoV nearly complete genome was successfully obtained from a diarrheic fecal sample, named SWUN/F11/2019. Compared with the two known CKoV strains, five aa mutations (S60A, L252I, V267T, I, V 306 L, V331I) were found in the VP0 gene and 7 aa mutations (S57N, G, T243A, V244I, T, A248V, L, S251A, R252H, and M255L) were found in VP1 in the SWUN/F11/2019 genome. This was the first report of the detection and molecular characteristics of CKoV from goats in China, which could be helpful for improving the understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of CKoV.
Keywords	Aichivirus B ; Aichivirus C ; Aichivirus D ; amino acids ; cattle ; feces ; ferrets ; genes ; genetic databases ; goats ; infection ; phylogeny ; sheep ; China ; Italy ; South Korea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-1348
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104566
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: An emerging novel bovine coronavirus with a 4-amino-acid insertion in the receptor-binding domain of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene.

Abi, Keha-Mo / Zhang, Qi / Zhang, Bin / Zhou, Long / Yue, Hua / Tang, Cheng

Archives of virology

2020 Volume 165, Issue 12, Page(s) 3011–3015

Abstract	The hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of betacoronavirus lineage A is a secondary receptor in the infection process and is involved in the emergence of new betacoronavirus genotypes with altered host specificity and tissue tropism. We previously reported a novel recombinant bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strain that was circulating in dairy cattle in China, but this virus was not successfully isolated, and the genetic characteristics of BCoV are still largely unknown. In this study, 20 diarrheic faecal samples were collected from a farm in Liaoning province that had an outbreak of calf diarrhea (≤ 3 months of age) in November 2018, and all of the samples tested positive for BCoV by RT-PCR. In addition, a BCoV strain with a recombinant HE (designated as SWUN/A1/2018) and another BCoV strain with a recombinant HE containing an insertion (designated as SWUN/A10/2018) were successfully isolated in cell culture (TCID50: 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/pathology ; Cattle Diseases/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Coronavirus, Bovine/classification ; Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics ; Coronavirus, Bovine/isolation & purification ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/pathology ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Diarrhea/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Feces/virology ; Gene Expression ; Genotype ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Phylogeny ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Hemagglutinins, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; hemagglutinin esterase
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-020-04840-y
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Article: Prevalence of a novel bovine coronavirus strain with a recombinant hemagglutinin/esterase gene in dairy calves in China

keha, Abi / Xue, Luo / Yan, Shen / Yue, Hua / Tang, Cheng

Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2019 Sept., v. 66, no. 5

2019

Abstract	Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract illnesses in cattle across the world. In this study, a total of 190 faecal samples from dairy calves with diarrhoea were collected from 14 farms in six Chinese provinces, and BCoV was detected in 18.95% (36/190) of the samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Full‐length spike, hemagglutinin/esterase (HE), nucleocapsid and transmembrane genes were simultaneously cloned from 13 clinical samples (eight farms in four provinces), and most of the BCoV strains showed a unique evolutionary pattern based on the phylogenetic analysis of these genes. Interesting, 10 of the 13 strains were identified as HE recombinant strains, and these strains had experienced the same recombination event and carried the same recombination sites located between the esterase and lectin domain. They also shared an identical aa variant (F181V) in the R2‐loop. Moreover, 9/10 strains displayed another identical aa variant (P, S158A) in the adjacent R1‐loop of the HE gene, which differs from the other available BCoV HE sequences in the GenBank database. Our results showed that BCoV is widely circulating in dairy cattle in China, contributing to the diagnosis and control of dairy calves diarrhoea. Furthermore, a BCoV strain that carries a recombinant HE gene has spread in dairy calves in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of an HE recombination event occurring in BCoV; this is also the first description of the molecular prevalence of BCoV in China. Our findings will enhance current understanding about the genetic evolution of BCoV.
Keywords	Bovine coronavirus ; adults ; dairy calves ; dysentery ; emerging diseases ; esterases ; etiological agents ; farms ; feces ; genes ; genetic databases ; hemagglutinins ; lectins ; neonates ; nucleocapsid ; phylogeny ; respiratory tract diseases ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; winter ; China ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-09
Size	p. 1971-1981.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.13228
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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