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Book ; Online: Pollen distribution of sediment core MD96-2048 from the Western Indian Ocean, supplementary data to: Dupont, Lydie M; Caley, Thibaut; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Castañeda, Isla S; Malaizé, Bruno; Giraudeau, Jaques (2011): Glacial-interglacial vegetation dynamics in South Eastern Africa coupled to sea surface temperature variations in the Western Indian Ocean. Climate of the Past, 7(4), 1209-1224

Dupont, Lydie M / Caley, Thibaut / Castañeda, Isla S / Giraudeau, Jaques / Kim, Jung-Hyun / Malaizé, Bruno

2011

Abstract: Glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the vegetation of South Africa might elucidate the climate system at the edge of the tropics between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. However, vegetation records covering a full glacial cycle have only been published ... ...

Abstract	Glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the vegetation of South Africa might elucidate the climate system at the edge of the tropics between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. However, vegetation records covering a full glacial cycle have only been published from the eastern South Atlantic. We present a pollen record of the marine core MD96-2048 retrieved by the Marion Dufresne from the Indian Ocean ~120 km south of the Limpopo River mouth. The sedimentation at the site is slow and continuous. The upper 6 m (spanning the past 342 Ka) have been analysed for pollen and spores at millennial resolution. The terrestrial pollen assemblages indicate that during interglacials, the vegetation of eastern South Africa and southern Mozambique largely consisted of evergreen and deciduous forests. During glacials open mountainous scrubland dominated. Montane forest with Podocarpus extended during humid periods was favoured by strong local insolation. Correlation with the sea surface temperature record of the same core indicates that the extension of mountainous scrubland primarily depends on sea surface temperatures of the Agulhas Current. Our record corroborates terrestrial evidence of the extension of open mountainous scrubland (including fynbos-like species of the high-altitude Grassland biome) for the last glacial as well as for other glacial periods of the past 300 Ka.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	This dataset is supplement to doi:10.5194/cp-7-1209-2011
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.771285
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article ; Online: Cluster randomized trials: statistical, practical and ethical issues.

Giraudeau, Bruno / Caille, Agnès / Billot, Laurent

Journal of epidemiology and population health

2024 Volume 72, Issue 1, Page(s) 202384

MeSH term(s)	Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design ; Informed Consent
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	France
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2950-4333
ISSN (online)	2950-4333
DOI	10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202384
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Do patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus included in randomised clinical trials differ from general-practice patients? A cross-sectional comparative study.

Dugard, Amandine / Giraudeau, Bruno / Dibao-Dina, Clarisse

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e077582

Abstract: Objectives: To compare the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in general practice and those included in randomised controlled trials on which clinical practice guidelines are based.: Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.!## ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in general practice and those included in randomised controlled trials on which clinical practice guidelines are based. Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Setting: We asked 45 general practitioners from three French Departments to identify the 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus they most recently saw in consultation. In parallel, we selected randomised controlled trials included in the Cochrane systematic review on which the clinical practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus were based. Participants: We included 675 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and data were collected from 23 randomised controlled trials, corresponding to 36 059 patients. Outcome measures: Characteristics of general-practice patients were extracted from medical records by a unique observer. The same baseline characteristics of patients included in randomised controlled trials from the Cochrane systematic review were extracted and meta-analysed. We assessed standardised differences between these two series of baseline characteristics. A difference greater than 0.10 in absolute value was considered meaningful. Results: General-practice patients were older than randomised controlled trial patients (mean (SD) 68.8 (1.1) vs 59.9 years (standardised difference 0.8)) and had a higher body mass index (mean (SD) 31.5 (6.9) vs 28.2 kg/m Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus cared for in general practice differ in a number of important aspects from patients included in randomised controlled trials on which clinical practice guidelines are based. This situation hampers the applicability of these guidelines. Future randomised trials should include patients who better fit the 'average' general-practice patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help improve the translation of study findings in daily practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; General Practice ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077582
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Article ; Online: Right ventricular failure is strongly associated with mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-related ARDS and appears related to respiratory worsening.

Evrard, Bruno / Goudelin, Marine / Giraudeau, Bruno / François, Bruno / Vignon, Philippe

Intensive care medicine

2022 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 765–767

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80387-x
ISSN	1432-1238 ; 0340-0964 ; 0342-4642 ; 0935-1701
ISSN (online)	1432-1238
ISSN	0340-0964 ; 0342-4642 ; 0935-1701
DOI	10.1007/s00134-022-06730-0
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Article ; Online: Is randomized trial design adapted to population health intervention research?

Giraudeau, Bruno / Alberti, Corinne

Global health promotion

2021 Volume 28, Issue 1_suppl, Page(s) 86–88

Abstract: Randomized trials are frequently used in clinical research and considered the gold standard, but they are less common in population health intervention research (PHIR). We discuss issues that are sometimes shared and sometimes distinct between PHIR and ... ...

Abstract	Randomized trials are frequently used in clinical research and considered the gold standard, but they are less common in population health intervention research (PHIR). We discuss issues that are sometimes shared and sometimes distinct between PHIR and clinical research, notably the randomization unit, design, standardization of the intervention, outcome(s) and ethical issues. In the end, both PHIR and clinical research share the common aim of assessing interventions, and randomized trials should be more widely used in PHIR, provided that how they are planned and conducted is adapted to the PHIR context.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Population Health ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2502036-5
ISSN	1757-9767 ; 1757-9759
ISSN (online)	1757-9767
ISSN	1757-9759
DOI	10.1177/1757975920984727
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Article ; Online: Why and when should we cluster randomize?

Giraudeau, Bruno / Weijer, Charles / Eldridge, Sandra M / Hemming, Karla / Taljaard, Monica

Journal of epidemiology and population health

2024 Volume 72, Issue 1, Page(s) 202197

Abstract: A cluster randomized trial is defined as a randomized trial in which intact social units of individuals are randomized rather than individuals themselves. Outcomes are observed on individual participants within clusters (such as patients). Such a design ... ...

Abstract	A cluster randomized trial is defined as a randomized trial in which intact social units of individuals are randomized rather than individuals themselves. Outcomes are observed on individual participants within clusters (such as patients). Such a design allows assessing interventions targeting cluster-level participants (such as physicians), individual participants or both. Indeed, many interventions assessed in cluster randomized trials are actually complex ones, with distinct components targeting different levels. For a cluster-level intervention, cluster randomization is an obvious choice: the intervention is not divisible at the individual-level. For individual-level interventions, cluster randomization may nevertheless be suitable to prevent group contamination, for logistical reasons, to enhance participants' adherence, or when objectives pertain to the cluster level. An unacceptable reason for cluster randomization would be to avoid obtaining individual consent. Indeed, participants in cluster randomized trials have to be protected as in any type of trial design. Participants may be people from whom data are collected, but they may also be people who are intervened upon, and this includes both patients and physicians (for example, physicians receiving training interventions). Consent should be sought as soon as possible, although there may exist situations where participants may consent only for data collection, not for being exposed to the intervention (because, for instance, they cannot opt-out). There may even be situations where participants are not able to consent at all. In this latter situation a waiver of consent must be granted by a research ethics committee.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Data Collection ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Informed Consent ; Research Design ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2950-4333
ISSN (online)	2950-4333
DOI	10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202197
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Article ; Online: Cluster randomized trials in nursing homes should better be planned as open-cohort than as closed-cohort.

Poupin, Pierre / Caille, Agnès / Gana, Wassim / Fougère, Bertrand / Giraudeau, Bruno

Journal of clinical epidemiology

2023 Volume 161, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Objectives: Two designs are frequently used in cluster randomized trials in nursing homes: closed cohort and open cohort. The former design includes residents at the beginning of the trial and then follows them. In the latter design, participants are ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Two designs are frequently used in cluster randomized trials in nursing homes: closed cohort and open cohort. The former design includes residents at the beginning of the trial and then follows them. In the latter design, participants are enrolled at the beginning of the trial or although it is ongoing; at dates of assessment, all residents present in the nursing home are assessed. The open-cohort design is much less used than the closed-cohort design, but it offers several advantages such as less exposure to individual attrition. Objective was to assess whether an open-cohort design could have been feasible in trials with a closed-cohort design. Study design and setting: Twenty-two closed-cohort trials in nursing homes. Results: An open-cohort design was considered a relevant alternative for 20 trials. For 16 trials, a resident newly admitted could not opt out of the intervention, and for all trials, the resident could benefit from an intervention effect if it existed. For two trials, newly admitted residents could not benefit from the intervention effect, if it existed. Conclusion: The open-cohort design is well-adapted for most of the interventions assessed in nursing homes by means of a cluster randomized trial and should be considered more often.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing Homes ; Hospitalization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639306-8
ISSN	1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
ISSN (online)	1878-5921
ISSN	0895-4356
DOI	10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.06.016
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Article ; Online: Designs used in published therapeutic studies of rare superficial vascular anomalies: a systematic literature search.

Allemang-Trivalle, Aude / Leducq, Sophie / Maruani, Annabel / Giraudeau, Bruno

BMC medical research methodology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 196

Abstract: Background: Rare superficial vascular anomalies represent a wide range of diseases. Their management is difficult given the broad spectrum and the lack of clinical trials assessing treatment efficacy. A randomized clinical trial of vascular anomalies is ...

Abstract	Background: Rare superficial vascular anomalies represent a wide range of diseases. Their management is difficult given the broad spectrum and the lack of clinical trials assessing treatment efficacy. A randomized clinical trial of vascular anomalies is difficult because of the rarity of the diseases and is enhanced by the population of interest often being children. Therefore, suitable designs are needed. We conducted a methodological systematic literature search to identify designs implemented for investigating the treatment of rare superficial vascular anomalies. Methods: We conducted a literature search on January 25, 2021, of the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and European Union Clinical Trials Register databases. This systematic methodological literature search was registered at the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42021232449). Randomized and non-randomized studies were included if they met the following criteria: were prospective studies of rare superficial vascular anomaly therapies, dealt with humans (adults and children) and were published in English from 2000. We excluded case reports/case series reporting fewer than 10 patients, reviews, retrospective studies, animal studies, studies of systemic or common vascular anomalies and non-therapeutic studies. We did not assess risk of bias in the included studies because our review was a methodological one focused on the design used. The review provided a descriptive analysis of relevant features of eligible research studies. Results: From 2046 articles identified, we included 97 studies (62 reports and 35 ongoing studies): 25 randomized controlled studies, 7 non-randomized comparative studies, 64 prospective cohorts and 1 case series. Among the 32 comparative studies included, 21 used a parallel-group design. The 11 other studies used different designs such as cross-over, randomized placebo phase, delayed-start, within-person, or challenge-dechallenge-rechallenge or used a historical control group or an observational run-in period. Conclusions: Our systematic literature search highlights the lack of randomized control trials in superficial vascular anomalies due to the rarity of patients and their heterogeneity. New designs are emerging and can overcome the limitations of testing treatments in parallel groups.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Control Groups ; Databases, Factual ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041362-2
ISSN	1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
ISSN (online)	1471-2288
ISSN	1471-2288
DOI	10.1186/s12874-023-02017-0
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Article ; Online: Prevention of Early Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Reply.

François, Bruno / Giraudeau, Bruno / Vignon, Philippe

The New England journal of medicine

2020 Volume 382, Issue 17, Page(s) 1673–1674

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Respiration, Artificial
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMc2001183
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Book ; Online: BioSil indet, CaCO3 and TOC data of sediment core MD96-2086, supplementary data to: Bertrand, Philippe; Giraudeau, Jaques; Malaiz?, Bruno; Martinez, Philippe; Gallinari, Morgane; Pedersen, Thomas F; Pierre, Catherine; V?nec-Peyr?, Marie-Th?r?se (2002): Occurrence of an exceptional carbonate dissolution episode during early glacial isotope stage 6 in the Southeastern Atlantic. Marine Geology, 180(1-4), 235-248

Bertrand, Philippe / Gallinari, Morgane / Giraudeau, Jaques / Malaiz?, Bruno / Martinez, Philippe / Pedersen, Thomas F / Pierre, Catherine / V?nec-Peyr?, Marie-Th?r?se

2002

Abstract: Concentration and mass accumulation rate profiles from Southeastern Atlantic sediment cores located off Namibia show that an exceptional episode in benthic carbonate dissolution occurred during early glacial isotope stage 6 (substages 6.6 and 6.5) ... ...

Abstract	Concentration and mass accumulation rate profiles from Southeastern Atlantic sediment cores located off Namibia show that an exceptional episode in benthic carbonate dissolution occurred during early glacial isotope stage 6 (substages 6.6 and 6.5) between about 186 000 and 170 000 yr BP. Although this episode is restricted to or is more pronounced in this region than in other areas of the Atlantic Ocean, its exceptional character with respect to older and younger climatic episodes at the same site cannot be fully explained by local factors alone, but requires a combination of local and global influences. The onset of the carbonate dissolution episode is related to a more efficient transfer of organic matter from surface eutrophic areas to the lower and is due to low sea level, while its termination relates to a change in either global ocean alkalinity or bottom water circulation. An evaluation of the magnitude of this local carbonate dissolution episode suggests that its contribution to a global alkalinity change may have been significant. Carbonate dissolution was probably amplified by stronger upwelling activity of the Benguela System linked to an exceptional northern excursion of the boreal summer ITCZ during early glacial isotope stage 6. This low latitude global linkage may explain how this carbonate dissolution event as well as other 'anomalies' observed for early stage 6, like an important Dole effect minimum or a 'cold' Mediterranean sapropel, are related. REFERENCE: Bertrand, Philippe; Schneider, Ralph R; Shimmield, Graham; Lallier-Verges, Elisabeth; Disnar, J R; Massias, D; Villanueva, J; Tribovillard, Nicolas; Huc, Alain Y; Giraud, Xavier; Pierre, Catherine; V?nec-Peyr?, Marie-Th?r?se (2003): Organic-rich sediments in ventilated deep-sea environments: Relationship to climate, sea level, and trophic changes. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 108(C2), 3045
Language	English
Dates of publication	2002-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	This dataset is cited by doi:10.1029/2000JC000327 ; This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00216-X
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.57844
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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