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Article ; Online: Long term consequences of child sexual abuse in Saudi Arabia: A report from national study.

Almuneef, Maha

2019 Volume 116, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 103967

Abstract: Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a global public health problem that has been found to be linked to negative health outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of different forms of CSA and its impact on chronic diseases, mental health ... ...

Abstract	Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a global public health problem that has been found to be linked to negative health outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of different forms of CSA and its impact on chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and health-risk behaviors among adults in Saudi Arabia (SA). A cross-sectional, national survey utilizing Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was conducted in SA. Adults (N=10,156) aged ≥18 years were invited to participate. The relationship between CSA variables and outcomes were calculated. The prevalence of life time CSA was 20.8%. Participants who reported CSA had 1.7, 2.2, and 3.8 times the odds of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and obesity diagnosis respectively compared to participants with no CSA. Regarding mental health disorders, CSA had 3.0, 2.6, and 4.1 times the odds of a depression, anxiety, and other mental illness diagnosis respectively. Those reported CSA were identified as having 2.0, 5.5, 5.8, 7.9, and 7.2 times the odds of being a smoker, drinking alcohol, using drugs, out of wedlock sexual relations, and suicidal thoughts respectively. In comparing males and females with CSA, males had the highest odd ratio (5.2) for obesity among the physical and mental health disorders and female had the highest OR (10.7) in out of wedlock sexual relations among the health- risk-behaviors. CSA is a common hidden phenomenon in SA, efforts should be strengthened to increase awareness on consequences, and outcomes in order to build prevention programs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	799143-5
ISSN	1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
ISSN (online)	1873-7757
ISSN	0145-2134
DOI	10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.003
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Article ; Online: Paecilomyces

Alharbi, Musaed / Alruqaie, Nourah / Alzahrani, Ahmed / Almuneef, Maha

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 8, Issue 9

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Paecilomyces
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2784229-0
ISSN	2309-608X ; 2309-608X
ISSN (online)	2309-608X
ISSN	2309-608X
DOI	10.3390/jof8090930
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Article ; Online: Child health advocacy in Saudi Arabia: Traditional medicine as a model.

Alqanatish, Jubran / Albelali, Areej / Almuneef, Maha

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this work is to describe the opportunities and challenges faced by health advocates in Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding traditional medicine practices, which commonly result in health issues affecting children in the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this work is to describe the opportunities and challenges faced by health advocates in Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding traditional medicine practices, which commonly result in health issues affecting children in the community. Method: A literature review was conducted of all articles identified in PubMed with the following keywords: alternative medicine, traditional medicine, KSA, and advocacy. No articles from other countries with similar cultural backgrounds were excluded, and recommendation from authors were listed at the end of the article. Results: Traditional medicine, traditional herbal medications, and spiritual treatments, which are common practices in the community, present major opportunities for advocacy in KSA. Because these practices are conducted without appropriate supervision, many adverse events result, thus affecting children and families. Many challenges are described herein, such as use of these practices in treating benign self-limited conditions; the surrounding culture and beliefs; and the dilemma of achieving child protection. At the system level, national policies and legislation, as well as research, are lacking. Moreover, health care facilities have longer waiting lists than traditional medicine facilities. Conclusion: Recommendations include improving knowledge, facilitating behavioral changes, data collection, bylaw enactment, and providing better access to health care facilities, all of which are supported by Saudi Vision 2030.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-20
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2817396-X
ISSN	1658-3612 ; 1658-3612
ISSN (online)	1658-3612
ISSN	1658-3612
DOI	10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.07.002
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Article ; Online: Child health advocacy in Saudi Arabia

Jubran Alqanatish, MDMME / Areej Albelali, MD / Maha Almuneef, MDFAAP

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Traditional medicine as a model

2023 Volume 8

Abstract: الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف بعض الفرص والتحديات التي يواجهها دعاة الصحة في المملكة العربية السعودية عند التعامل مع القضايا الصحية الشائعة التي تؤثر على الاطفال في مجتمعنا، بما يسمى الطب التقليدي طرق البحث: تمت مراجعة الأدبيات في وعاء ... ...

Abstract	الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف بعض الفرص والتحديات التي يواجهها دعاة الصحة في المملكة العربية السعودية عند التعامل مع القضايا الصحية الشائعة التي تؤثر على الاطفال في مجتمعنا، بما يسمى الطب التقليدي طرق البحث: تمت مراجعة الأدبيات في وعاء النشر للكلمات الدالة الطب البديل، الطب التقليدي، المملكة العربية السعودية والتأييد. تم تضمين جميع الأوراق العلمية التي وجدناها في وعاء النشر البوب ميد باستخدام البحث عن كلماتنا الدالة، ولم نستبعد الأوراق العلمية من الدول الأخرى ذات الخلفية الثقافية المماثلة، بالإضافة الى التوصيات من المؤلفين. النتائج: احدى أكبر الفرص للتأييد في المملكة العربية السعودية هي الطب التقليدي، الأدوية العشبية التقليدية والعلاج الروحاني التي تعتبر ممارسات شائعة في مجتمعنا. تمارس مثل هذه الأفعال من غير مراقبة ملائمة، تسببت في مضاعفات سلبية أثرت على الأطفال والعائلات. تم سرد العديد من التحديات في هذا البحث مثل استخدام هذه الممارسات لعلاج الحالات الطبية الحميدة، الثقافة والمعتقدات، ومعضلة حماية الطفل. بشكل قانوني، هناك قصور في السياسات والتشريعات الوطنية، نقص في الأبحاث، وقوائم الانتظار الطويلة للحصول على خدمات الرعاية الصحية بالمقارنة بالمتاجر التقليدية. الاستنتاجات: تتضمن التوصيات تحسين المعرفة المجتمعية وتغيير السلوك، جمع البيانات وسن اللوائح، ووصول أفضل لخدمات الرعاية الصحية وكل ذلك بدعم من قبل رؤية السعودية ٢٠۳٠ Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this work is to describe the opportunities and challenges faced by health advocates in Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding traditional medicine practices, which commonly result in health issues affecting children in the community. Method: A literature review was conducted of all articles identified in PubMed with the following keywords: alternative medicine, traditional medicine, KSA, and advocacy. No articles from other countries with similar cultural backgrounds were excluded, and recommendation from authors were listed at the end of the article. Results: Traditional medicine, traditional herbal medications, and spiritual treatments, which are common practices in the community, present major opportunities for advocacy in KSA. Because ...
Keywords	Advocacy ; KSA ; Prevention ; Traditional medicine ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Factitious Hypoglycemia in an Infant With Undetectable Exogenous Insulin by a Commercial Insulin Immunoassay: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Arabi, Hisham / Babiker, Amir / Awadalla, Asma M / Ababneh, Faroug / AlMuneef, Maha A

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e33224

Abstract: Factitious hypoglycemia in infancy is a rare, life-threatening manifestation of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). The hallmark of such presentation is the detection of low c-peptide combined with high insulin at the time of hypoglycemia. We report the ...

Abstract	Factitious hypoglycemia in infancy is a rare, life-threatening manifestation of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). The hallmark of such presentation is the detection of low c-peptide combined with high insulin at the time of hypoglycemia. We report the case of a male infant who presented with recurrent severe unexplained hypoglycemic episodes since the age of six months. Two of his siblings had similar unexplained hypoglycemia episodes at a young age. He was extensively investigated, and all were normal, for endocrine and metabolic etiologies. He underwent fundoplication and insertion of a gastrostomy tube with multiple lengthy hospital admissions. His mother had diabetes and was on insulin treatment; she also had mental health issues with family-related social stressors. His hypoglycemic attacks resolved once separated briefly from his mother on the ward, raising our suspicion of MSBP. The exogenous administration of insulin was only confirmed following a scheduled change of our local Insulin assay in our laboratory when his insulin was detectable with low C-peptide on one of his typical attacks. Apparently, our previous insulin immunoassay lacked sensitivity for his mother's long-acting insulin. We are reporting this case to raise awareness about this potential diagnostic pitfall.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.33224
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Article ; Online: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Chronic Diseases: Identifying a Cut-Point for ACE Scores.

Alhowaymel, Fahad M / Kalmakis, Karen A / Chiodo, Lisa M / Kent, Nicole M / Almuneef, Maha

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 2

Abstract: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to many negative physiological, psychological, and behavioral health consequences. However, a cut-point for adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores, as it pertains to health outcomes, has not been clearly ...

Abstract	Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to many negative physiological, psychological, and behavioral health consequences. However, a cut-point for adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores, as it pertains to health outcomes, has not been clearly identified. This ambiguity has led to the use of different cut-points to define high scores. The aim of this study is to clarify a cut-point at which ACEs are significantly associated with negative chronic health outcomes. To accomplish this aim, a secondary analysis using data from a cross-sectional study was conducted. The Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric regression, and logistic regression analyses were performed on a sample of 10,047 adults. Data from demographic and self-report health measures were included. The results showed that a cut-point of four or more ACEs was significantly associated with increased rates of chronic disease. Participants with at least one chronic disease were almost 3 times more likely (OR = 2.8) to be in the high ACE group. A standardized cut-point for ACE scores will assist in future research examining the impact of high ACEs across cultures to study the effect of childhood experiences on health.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Chronic Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20021651
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Article ; Online: Relationship Between Violence Against Women, Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Alquaiz, Aljohara M / Kazi, Ambreen / Almeneessier, Aljohara / Alhalal, Eman / Almuneef, Maha / AlHabib, Yara

Journal of interpersonal violence

2023 Volume 39, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 431–457

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of mental distress and to explore the relationship between violence against women (VAW), social support, self-esteem, and mental distress in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire-guided, ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of mental distress and to explore the relationship between violence against women (VAW), social support, self-esteem, and mental distress in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire-guided, cross-sectional, interview-based study was conducted with 1,932 women, in primary healthcare centers. Around 29% reported moderate to severe distress levels, whereas 40% of women reported lifetime exposure to at least one type of violence. Linear regression analysis found that VAW was positively associated with mental distress with a unit increase associated with a 0.13 (0.58, 1.15) increase in distress level, whereas, for both social support and self-esteem, a unit increase in violence was associated with -0.23 (-0.47, -0.32) and -0.22 (-0.49, -0.33) unit decrease in the mental distress. Structural equation modeling found that violence had direct significant negative effects on social support (β = -.156,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Mental Health ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605231197135
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Article ; Online: Prevalence, pattern and factors of intimate partner violence against Saudi women.

Abolfotouh, Mostafa A / Almuneef, Maha

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2019 Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) e206–e214

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its correlates, amongst currently married Saudi women.: Methods: A total of 400 currently married females aged 19-65 years old who attended the outpatient ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its correlates, amongst currently married Saudi women. Methods: A total of 400 currently married females aged 19-65 years old who attended the outpatient clinics of PHC centres in Riyadh, from 1 November 2015 to 1 February 2016, were screened for the current and previous experiences with IPV, and its correlates, using the previously validated Arabic version of the WHO multi-country instrument on violence against women. Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the correlates of IPV. Results: The lifetime overall prevalence of IPV was 44.8%, in the form of; physical (18.5%), emotional (25.5%), sexual (19.2%) and economic (25.3%) violence. Wife's experience of child abuse was significantly associated with physical [OR = 3.63, P < 0.001], emotional [OR = 2.2, P = 0.004], sexual [OR = 2.42, P = 0.006], economic [OR = 2.24, P = 0.006] and overall IPV [OR = 2.76, P < 0.001], whilst husband's experience was significantly associated with only the emotional violence [OR = 2.4, P = 0.004]. Physical violence was significantly more prevalent when the woman lived with other wife in same house. Conclusion: IPV with its all forms was prevalent amongst Saudi women. Child abuse experience and polygamy were significantly associated with IPV. Designing tailored IPV national prevention programmes is a necessity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdz092
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Article: Child neglect in Saudi Arabia: The neglected form of child maltreatment.

AlFarhan, Maha / AlMelhem, Jana / ElMahadi, Abeer / AlTurki, Haneen / Hassan, Saleheen / Almuneef, Maha

Saudi medical journal

2022 Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 610–617

Abstract: Objectives: To shed light on types, family profiles, risk factors, and outcomes of child neglect in Saudi Arabia.: Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To shed light on types, family profiles, risk factors, and outcomes of child neglect in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cases of child neglect diagnosed by the Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) team were reviewed. Data were extracted from patients' electronic charts and SCAN team records. Results: A total of 309 cases of child neglect were diagnosed between 2015-2019. Mean age of victims was 4.4±4.1 years, and 51.8% were male gender.Supervisory neglect was the most common form (63.1%), followed by medical neglect (39.2%), emotional neglect (6.8%), physical neglect (5.5%), and educational neglect (3.2%). Children between the ages of one and 3 years were 3.3 times more likely to be victims of supervisory neglect and girls were 4.5 times more likely to be victims of educational neglect. Children living with ≥4 siblings were 7 times more likely to be victims of physical neglect and 1.9 times of medical neglect. With regard to emotional neglect, children of unemployed fathers were 3.5 times more likely to be parentally neglected than children of employed fathers. Worsening of the underlying disease (30%) and internal injuries (23.5%) were the most common consequences of neglect. Mortality attributed to neglect was documented in 8 (2.6%) children. Conclusion: Although child neglect is common in Saudi Arabia, it has not been recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality of children. This implies the need for a national protocol that would help identify high-risk families for early detection and implementation of prevention programs.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Abuse/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-08
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392302-2
ISSN	1658-3175 ; 0379-5284
ISSN (online)	1658-3175
ISSN	0379-5284
DOI	10.15537/smj.2022.43.6.20220117
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Article: Determining the Prevalence of Child Maltreatment Among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia Using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool.

Aldharman, Sarah S / Alrasheed, Lina S / Alotaibi, Wed S / Alqahtani, Asma M / Bajrai, Reem M / Saleheen, Hassan / Almuneef, Maha A

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38531

Abstract: Background Child maltreatment is an important public health issue, thus determining its prevalence is critical to recognize the extent of the problem and mandate efforts to combat child abuse. We aimed to investigate child maltreatment prevalence among ... ...

Abstract	Background Child maltreatment is an important public health issue, thus determining its prevalence is critical to recognize the extent of the problem and mandate efforts to combat child abuse. We aimed to investigate child maltreatment prevalence among special populations of young adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods We used the retrospective version of the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-R). The survey included Saudi students of both genders aged between 18 to 24 years old and attending King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). The questionnaire was provided electronically using Survey Monkey (Momentive Global Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA). Results A total of 713 students completed all sections of the questionnaire. The prevalence of any type of child maltreatment was estimated to be 42%. Physical abuse was the most prevalent (51.1%), followed by emotional abuse (49.9%), lack of protection and safety (38%), and sexual abuse (29.6%). The most common form of physical abuse was being hit or punched at 77.5% followed by 'beaten very hard with an object' at 58.8% while touching was the most common form of sexual abuse at 68.7%, and only 13.7% encountered penetrating form of sexual abuse. In comparison to female victims, male victims were more likely to be physically abused (odds ratio (OR)=1.5; confidence interval (CI)=1.1-2.0). Participants who lived with a single parent were more likely to be victims of a lack of protection and safety than those who lived with both parents (OR=1.9; CI=1.0-3.7). Most participants reported the abuse to occur after the age of nine years, and the perpetrator was the parents in 17.5% of cases. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated a high prevalence of child maltreatment among the young adult population in Saudi Arabia. It is vital to obtain more information on the prevalence and risk factors of child maltreatment in various populations and regions of Saudi Arabia to raise awareness and improve services for the victims of abuse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.38531
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