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  1. Article: Reversal learning in Drosophila larvae

    Weiglein, Alice / Schleyer, Michael / Gerber, Bertram

    Learning & memory, 26(11):424-435

    2019  

    Abstract: ... for example, with the reward whereas odor B is not (A+/B); this is followed by a second training phase ...

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie
    Abstract Adjusting behavior to changed environmental contingencies is critical for survival, and reversal learning provides an experimental handle on such cognitive flexibility. Here, we investigate reversal learning in larval Drosophila Using odor-taste associations, we establish olfactory reversal learning in the appetitive and the aversive domain, using either fructose as a reward or high-concentration sodium chloride as a punishment, respectively. Reversal learning is demonstrated both in differential and in absolute conditioning, in either valence domain. In differential conditioning, the animals are first trained such that an odor A is paired, for example, with the reward whereas odor B is not (A+/B); this is followed by a second training phase with reversed contingencies (A/B+). In absolute conditioning, odor B is omitted, such that the animals are first trained with paired presentations of A and reward, followed by unpaired training in the second training phase. Our results reveal "true" reversal learning in that the opposite associative effects of both the first and the second training phase are detectable after reversed-contingency training. In what is a surprisingly quick, one-trial contingency adjustment in the Drosophila larva, the present study establishes a simple and genetically easy accessible study case of cognitive flexibility.
    Keywords cognitive inflexibility ; behavior ; brain ; dopamine ; mushroom bodies ; neural circuits ; strength ; synapsin ; pattern ; reward
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  2. Article: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Older Adults: Considerations for Use and Shared Clinical Decision-Making.

    Gerber, Morgan A / Burke, Michael K / Brodeur, Michael R

    Journal of gerontological nursing

    2024  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 7–12

    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the impact of two newly U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, RSVpreF3 (Arexvy™, GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo™, Pfizer), on morbidity in older adults. RSV is known to cause significant ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the impact of two newly U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, RSVpreF3 (Arexvy™, GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo™, Pfizer), on morbidity in older adults. RSV is known to cause significant health issues in this demographic.
    Method: The current article reviews Phases 1 and 2 and Phase 3 published clinical trials, the recommendations for immunization practices outlined in the
    Results: Findings suggest that RSVpreF3 and RSVpreF vaccines effectively reduce health complications of RSV in older adults. Successful integration of these vaccines with other immunizations is also highlighted, emphasizing the role of an interprofessional team in this process.
    Conclusion: The introduction of RSVpreF3 and RSVpreF vaccines represents a significant advancement in the management of RSV in older adults. This article underscores the importance of shared clinical decision-making in vaccine administration and the effective coordination of an interprofessional team for coadministration with other vaccines. [
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603140-7
    ISSN 0098-9134
    ISSN 0098-9134
    DOI 10.3928/00989134-20240207-02
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  3. Book: Beziehung als Therapie, Therapie als Beziehung. Michael Balints Beitrag zur heilenden Begegnung

    Sedlak, Franz (Ed.) / Gerber, Gisela (Ed.)

    1992  

    Abstract: Inhalt: (A) Michael Balint - Person und Wirken. (1) E. Falzeder: Wer war Michael Balint? (2) Balint ... Plozza: Beziehungsdiagnostik und Beziehungstherapie. Meinem Freund und Lehrer Michael Balint zum 20 ... unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beiträge Michael Balints. (6) H. Speidel: Die therapeutische Beziehung und ...

    Title translation Relationship as therapy - therapy as relationship. Michael Balint's contribution to the healing encounter
    Abstract Inhalt: (A) Michael Balint - Person und Wirken. (1) E. Falzeder: Wer war Michael Balint? (2) Balint-Dokumentationszentrum Ascona: "Ascona-Modell". Von den Balint-Gruppen zu den Monte-Verit#a23-Gruppen. (3) B. Luban-Plozza: Beziehungsdiagnostik und Beziehungstherapie. Meinem Freund und Lehrer Michael Balint zum 20. Todestag. (4) W. Stucke: 25 Jahre aktive Balint-Arbeit. Erfahrung und Ausblick. - (B) Zur Basis der Balint-Arbeit in Forschung und Praxis. (5) W. Wesiack: Zur Theorie und Praxis des ärztlichen Gesprächs unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beiträge Michael Balints. (6) H. Speidel: Die therapeutische Beziehung und ihre Risiken. (7) U. Rosin: die apostolische Funktion. Balints Konzeption von Übertragung und Gegenübertragung des Arztes in seiner Praxis. (8) F. Sedlak: Die heilende Begegnung. Die maßvolle Ausformung und kreative Synthese wichtiger Therapiekriterien im Balint-Ansatz. - (C) Beispiele aus dem Spektrum spezifischer Anwendungsbereiche des Balint-Ansatzes. (9) I. Rechenberger: Therapie als Begegnung - Begegnung als Therapie. (10) G. Bartl: Begegnung auf dem Land. Erfahrungen eines Hausarztes mit psychotherapeutischer Praxis im ländlichen Bereich. (11) G. Gerber: Aspekte der Balint-Arbeit in der Kinder- und Jugendlichentherapie. (12) F. Pesendorfer: Das Eggenburger Modell. Begegnung und Beziehung als Therapie. - (D) Weitere Wege im Kontext der dialogischen Therapie. (13) G. S. Barolin: Die Krankheit, die Angst und der Arzt am Beispiel von Neurologie und Neuro-Rehabilitation. (14) P. Fürstenau: Stationäre Psychotherapie im Jahre 2000. Die Klinik für psychoanalytisch-systemische Therapie. - Die Beiträge sind Referate zum 21. Internationalen Seminar für Autogenes Training und Allgemeine Psychotherapie (1990 in Badgastein), das Michael Balint anläßlich seines 20. Todestages gewidmet war.
    Keywords Geschichte der Psychologie ; History of Psychology ; Medical Education ; Medizinische Ausbildung ; Psychoanalysis ; Psychoanalytische Therapie ; Psychotherapie ; Psychotherapieausbildung ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy Training
    Language German
    Size 196 Seiten
    Publisher Reinhardt
    Publishing place München
    Document type Book
    ISBN 978-3-497-01257-2 ; 3-497-01257-2
    Database PSYNDEX

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  4. Article ; Online: Complement biomarkers in the antiphospholipid syndrome - Approaches to quantification and implications for clinical management.

    Cole, Michael A / Gerber, Gloria F / Chaturvedi, Shruti

    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

    2023  Volume 257, Page(s) 109828

    Abstract: Complement is a major driver of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and a promising therapeutic target in refractory and catastrophic APS. Complement testing in APS is largely limited to research settings, and reliable, rapid-turnaround biomarkers are needed ...

    Abstract Complement is a major driver of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and a promising therapeutic target in refractory and catastrophic APS. Complement testing in APS is largely limited to research settings, and reliable, rapid-turnaround biomarkers are needed to predict those at risk for adverse clinical outcomes and most likely to benefit from complement inhibition. We review complement biomarkers and their association with thrombosis and obstetric outcomes, including: (i) complement proteins and activation fragments in the fluid phase; (ii) assays that evaluate complement on cell membranes (e.g. in vivo cell-bound complement fragments, hemolytic assays, and ex vivo 'functional' cell-based assays, and (iii) sequencing of complement genes. Current studies highlight the inconsistencies in testing both between studies and various aPL/APS subgroups, suggesting that either cell-based testing or multiplex panels employing a combination of biomarkers simultaneously may be most clinically relevant. Standardization of complement assays is needed to ensure reproducibility and establish clinically relevant applications.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Reproducibility of Results ; Complement Activation ; Complement System Proteins ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1459903-x
    ISSN 1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
    ISSN (online) 1521-7035
    ISSN 1521-6616
    DOI 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109828
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  6. Article: Preference for and learning of amino acids in larval Drosophila

    Schleyer, Michael / Gerber, Bertram

    Biology open, 6(3): 365-369

    2017  

    Abstract: Relative to other nutrients, less is known about how animals sense amino acids and how behaviour is organized accordingly. This is a significant gap in our knowledge because amino acids are required for protein synthesis - and hence for life as we know ... ...

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie
    Abstract Relative to other nutrients, less is known about how animals sense amino acids and how behaviour is organized accordingly. This is a significant gap in our knowledge because amino acids are required for protein synthesis - and hence for life as we know it. Choosing Drosophila larvae as a case study, we provide the first systematic analysis of both the preference behaviour for, and the learning of, all 20 canonical amino acids in Drosophila We report that preference for individual amino acids differs according to the kind of amino acid, both in first-instar and in third-instar larvae. Our data suggest that this preference profile changes across larval instars, and that starvation during the third instar also alters this profile. Only aspartic acid turns out to be robustly attractive across all our experiments. The essentiality of amino acids does not appear to be a determinant of preference. Interestingly, although amino acids thus differ in their innate attractiveness, we find that all amino acids are equally rewarding. Similar discrepancies between innate attractiveness and reinforcing effect have previously been reported for other tastants, including sugars, bitter substances and salt. The present analyses will facilitate the ongoing search for the receptors, sensory neurons, and internal, homeostatic amino acid sensors in Drosophila.
    Keywords Amino Acid ; Gustation ; Drosophila ; Learning ; Preference
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-15
    Document type Article
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  7. Article: Pavlovian Conditioning of Larval Drosophila: An Illustrated, Multilingual, Hands-On Manual for Odor-Taste Associative Learning in Maggots

    Schleyer, Michael / Gerber, Bertram

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 11: 45

    2017  

    Abstract: Larval Drosophila offer a study case for behavioral neurogenetics that is simple enough to be experimentally tractable, yet complex enough to be worth the effort. We provide a detailed, hands-on manual for Pavlovian odor-reward learning in these animals. ...

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie
    Abstract Larval Drosophila offer a study case for behavioral neurogenetics that is simple enough to be experimentally tractable, yet complex enough to be worth the effort. We provide a detailed, hands-on manual for Pavlovian odor-reward learning in these animals. Given the versatility of Drosophila for genetic analyses, combined with the evolutionarily shared genetic heritage with humans, the paradigm has utility not only in behavioral neurogenetics and experimental psychology, but for translational biomedicine as well. Together with the upcoming total synaptic connectome of the Drosophila nervous system and the possibilities of single-cell-specific transgene expression, it offers enticing opportunities for research. Indeed, the paradigm has already been adopted by a number of labs and is robust enough to be used for teaching in classroom settings. This has given rise to a demand for a detailed, hands-on manual directed at newcomers and/or at laboratory novices, and this is what we here provide. The paradigm and the present manual have a unique set of features: (1) The paradigm is cheap, easy, and robust; (2) The manual is detailed enough for newcomers or laboratory novices; (3) It briefly covers the essential scientific context; (4) It includes sheets for scoring, data analysis, and display; (5) It is multilingual: in addition to an English version we provide German, French, Japanese, Spanish and Italian language versions as well. The present manual can thus foster science education at an earlier age and enable research by a broader community than has been the case to date.
    Keywords cognition ; association ; olfaction ; memory ; reinforcement ; taste
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  8. Article: Der Mensch spielt; auch digital

    Gerber, Jan-Michael

    SuchtMagazin

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 19–24

    Abstract: In ihrem Bemühen, Betroffene über potenzielle Risiken in Bezug auf eine Gaming Disorder aufzuklären, sieht sich die Suchtprävention der Herausforderung gegenübergestellt, die Zielgruppe über komplexe Zusammenhänge in einer sich rasant entwickelnden ... ...

    Title translation People play; digitally, too
    Abstract In ihrem Bemühen, Betroffene über potenzielle Risiken in Bezug auf eine Gaming Disorder aufzuklären, sieht sich die Suchtprävention der Herausforderung gegenübergestellt, die Zielgruppe über komplexe Zusammenhänge in einer sich rasant entwickelnden Branche aufzuklären: Um die Zusammenhänge von Belohnungssystemen, Mikrotransaktionen, Dark Patterns und Blockchain- Gaming zu verstehen und darauf suchtpräventive Antworten zu finden, bedarf es eines differenzierten Wissens über Computer-, Video- und Handyspiele.
    Keywords Belohnungen ; Computer Games ; Computerspiele ; Digital Gaming ; Digitales Spielen ; Gambling ; Gambling Disorder ; Glücksspiel ; Internet Addiction ; Internetsucht ; Prevention ; Prävention ; Rewards ; Spielsucht
    Language German
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1377110-3
    ISSN 1422-2221
    ISSN 1422-2221
    Database PSYNDEX

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  9. Article: Parameterising Translational Feedback Models of Autoregulatory RNA-Binding Proteins in

    Clarke-Whittet, Michael / Rocco, Andrea / Gerber, André P

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Post-transcriptional gene regulation is driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Recent global approaches suggest widespread autoregulation of RBPs through binding to their own mRNA; however, little is known about the regulatory impact and quantitative ... ...

    Abstract Post-transcriptional gene regulation is driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Recent global approaches suggest widespread autoregulation of RBPs through binding to their own mRNA; however, little is known about the regulatory impact and quantitative models remain elusive. By integration of several independent kinetic parameters and abundance data, we modelled autoregulatory feedback loops for six canonical and non-canonical RBPs from the yeast
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020340
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  10. Article: A molecular and neuronal basis for amino acid sensing in the Drosophila larva

    Schleyer, Michael / Gerber, Bertram

    Scientific reports, 6:34871

    2016  

    Abstract: Amino acids are important nutrients for animals, reflected in conserved internal pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates for monitoring cellular levels of these compounds. In mammals, sensory cells and metabotropic glutamate receptor-related taste ... ...

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie
    Abstract Amino acids are important nutrients for animals, reflected in conserved internal pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates for monitoring cellular levels of these compounds. In mammals, sensory cells and metabotropic glutamate receptor-related taste receptors that detect environmental sources of amino acids in food are also well-characterised. By contrast, it is unclear how insects perceive this class of molecules through peripheral chemosensory mechanisms. Here we investigate amino acid sensing in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, which feed ravenously to support their rapid growth. We show that larvae display diverse behaviours (attraction, aversion, neutral) towards different amino acids, which depend upon stimulus concentration. Some of these behaviours require IR76b, a member of the variant ionotropic glutamate receptor repertoire of invertebrate chemoreceptors. IR76b is broadly expressed in larval taste neurons, suggesting a role as a co-receptor. We identify a subpopulation of these neurons that displays physiological activation by some, but not all, amino acids, and which mediate suppression of feeding by high concentrations of at least a subset of these compounds. Our data reveal the first elements of a sophisticated neuronal and molecular substrate by which these animals detect and behave towards external sources of amino acids.
    Language English
    Document type Article
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